我国管道燃气规制机构亟需调整

政府规制机构的设置与公用事业产业组织结构和企业形态有密切关系。天然气替代煤气成为管道燃气的主要气源,我国管道燃气产业在从原来的以城市网络为基础的局域型公用事业演变成全国网络的公用事业的同时,由于管道燃气配气企业产权改革,企业已经由原来的国有垄断变为多元股权。以上两方面的变化,需要一个统一的、独立的、多层次的管道燃气规制机构与之相适应。     

建立五大制度体系推进城市燃气企业科学发展

城市燃气是城市的重要基础设施，又是重要的能源设施。城市燃气企业承担着城市燃气的输配供应和燃气设施的经营管理，是大力发展城市燃气事业的重要载体和平台。城市燃气企业的科学发展就是在以民为本、造福用户的基础上实现三大目标：一是由单纯追求燃气供应向燃气供应、涉气服务和企业内部管理等方面全面延伸，实现优质供气和企业全面发展；二是统筹城乡燃气工程建设和统筹居民用户和工业、公建用户燃气工程建设，     

加大国有燃气企业改革力度

随着城市经济体制改革的深入，我国的城市燃气事业获得了很大的发展。到1993年底我国已有200家城市燃气生产供应企业，城市燃气普及率达到3％(未包括液化气)，年消费各种燃气100亿立方米，消费量相当于日本的60％，法国的30％，英国的20％，美国的4％。燃气事业的发展不仅使人民的生活水平提高。随着城市经济体制改革的深入，我国的城市燃气事业获得了很大的发展。到1993年底我国已有200家城市燃气生产供应企业，城市燃气普及率达到3％(未包括液化气)，年消费各种燃气100亿立方米，消费量相当于日本的60％，法国的30％，英国的20％，美国的4％。燃气事业的发展不仅使人民的生活水平提高，而且还大大减少了S、N氧化物和粉尘的排放，提高燃料综合利用效率，对社会与经济发展起到了不可忽视的作用。     

杭州市管道燃气价格管理探析

随着杭州管道燃气行业的不断发展，现行管道燃气价格管理体制逐渐暴露出不少问题，已经难以很好地促进新时期我市管道燃气行业的健康、可持续发展。分析我市现阶段管道燃气价格管理存在的不足，借鉴国内外其他地区城市燃气价格管理的先进经验，将有助于我市进一步深化管道燃气价格改革。     

关于价格规制的思考

近来，关于中国是否应实行价格规制和如何实行价格规制的问题，成为社会普遍关注的热点之一。本文从价格规制的理论出发，阐述了价格规制的必要性以及对社会福利的影响，在借鉴国外价格规制经验的基础上，给出了中国实行价格规制的对策建议。     

我国民航客运价格规制的绩效评价与改革思路探讨

以国内民航市场客运价格规制改革问题为研究对象,从传统自然垄断产业规制改革的角度,结合对我国民航客运价格规制改革的绩效评价,通过对目前我国民航客运价格规制制度存在问题的分析,探讨了民航客运价格规制设计、民航客运定价规制改革、民航客运价格规制合同等问题,提出建立我国激励性客运价格规制体系的改革思路。     

规制工具选择及其成本有效性

规制工具是为达到规制目标的政策手段。由稀缺性引发的成本节约问题必然转化为最优规制政策的选择。从规制的服从成本、监督与实施成本和间接成本的角度,分析价格规制和准入规制的不同形式的成本有效性,并得到经验事实的支持。通过引入规制影响评价制度,以及通过组合规制工具使规制工具与规制目标相匹配,可以提高规制工具的有效性。     

北方城市供热困局的经济学分析

暖气就其经济学属性而言是介于公共品和商品之间的准公共产品。供热的市场化改革有其路径依赖性，其最终方向是实施城镇供热特许经营制度。从长远来看．政府对供热行业的政府规制应该包括三个方面的。一方面，政府通过控制市场准入来减少供热行业中的企业数目，限制自由竞争；其次，在对供热行业实施行业准入的同时，政府还必须规制供热企业的价格和服务质量；最后，政府必须履行贫困人群的最低供热保障的普遍服务义务。     

环境规制中的规制俘获与对策研究

在环境规制过程中，污染企业和相关利益集团通过游说环境立法机构，使其制定有利于自己的法律、法规，即通过规制俘获降低治污成本，获取竞争优势，但这有可能导致环境规制失效。因此，研究环境规制中的规制俘获问题，揭示其制约因素，有助于完善环境规制制度，提高环境规制效率。影响规制俘获可能性的因素包括污染企业相对其他利益集团的影响力、环境规制制度安排和规制政策选择。针对这些因素采取对策可以降低规制俘获可能性，提高环境规制效率。     

日本对公司制度的刑法规制

日本国会2005年通过的《公司法典》,是日本商事立法的重大发展,《公司法典》的生效,不仅结束了日本公司制度没有专门法典的历史,而且也显现了日本公司法制现代化的重要成果。法典不仅从民事、行政的角度对公司制度加以确定,在其罚则部分也运用了刑罚处罚的方法对公司制度进行了规制,日本《公司法典》不仅对原有的散见于各法律中的罚则部分加以吸收整合,而且结合《公司法典》中公司制度的调整对其罚则部分也做出了相应的调整和增加。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

文化传播中电视暴力对青少年侵犯行为的影响

伴随当代传媒产业的蓬勃发展,暴力也成为影视艺术基本的叙事类型及消费主义文化日趋盛行的现实语境。＂电视暴力＂是作为＂媒介暴力＂的一个子概念存在的;从文化传播看电视暴力,其覆盖面大,且易于接触;电视暴力对受众特别是青少年的影响巨大而深刻。要从制作者、传播者和观众三个方面的自律出发,建立适应我国国情的影视分级制。