森林火灾受害面积的影响因素分析

本文基于2011年全国31个省市级城市的森林火灾数据,建立回归模型,分析森林火灾受害面积的影响因素.逐步回归和Lasso回归对初始变量的选择结果一致显示,在诸多可能的影响因素中,年平均相对湿度、森林面积与火场总面积对森林火灾受害面积影响显著.在此基础上,本文拟合了森林火灾受害面积与这些变量之间的数量关系,模型通过了异方差性和异常值检验.     

加强电气火灾及漏电火灾预警系统建设的安全管理研究

对于众多的普通民用建筑采取有效的措施,尽可能防止火灾的发生.即使万一发生火灾,也能尽量减少火灾造成的损失.本文对电气火灾原因做了分类归纳,并对防范电气火灾提出一些看法,然后就目前较为热点的有关漏电火灾预警系统的几个问题做了探讨.     

浅谈建筑电气火灾故障及识别方法

近年国内建筑业发展迅速,但建筑业中依然存在一些电气火灾故障,建筑电气火灾作为一种灾害,在经济迅速发展的形势下,给国家财产和人民的生命安全造成严重损失,据统计,80%以上的火灾为建筑火灾,而电气则是引发建筑火灾的首要因素.本文在分析建筑电气火灾故障的种类的基础上,提出了建筑电气火灾的识别方法.     

浅议智能化火灾自动报警系统

火灾自动报警系统属于楼宇自动化范畴，是当前楼宇自动化的一个主要构成系统。其设置目的是为了防止和减少火灾危害，保护人身和财产安全。火灾报警技术是预防火灾的一项基础工作，应用范围广泛。报警早，损失少，不仅对发生火灾的单位和个人具有重要作用，而且对公安消防监督机构及时扑灭火灾、减少人员伤亡和财产损失同样具有十分重要的现实意义。本文首先介绍了只能话火灾自动报警，阐述了智能化火灾自动报警系统原理，重点分析了智能化火灾自动报警系统组成。     

一起生产车间火灾事故的调查

文章以一起生产车间火灾事故的调查为例,以火灾勘验和调查为重点,对泡沫座垫的生产工艺进行了探讨,分析得出了此次火灾发生的全过程,认定了火灾原因.     

浅析火灾隐患产生的成因及整改对策——以地下商场为例

地下商场一般规模宏大.功能繁杂,其独特的建筑结构更是增加了潜在的火灾危险性.针对地下商场火灾的特点探讨了地下商场火灾隐患产生的原因和预防措施.     

火灾的周期性分析

本文就以年、季、月、周、每天不同时间段作为不同时间序列对火灾发生的周期性进行分析研究,掌握有关火灾发生的"衰减"和"旺盛"的周期性.根据火灾统计数据,分析了产生火灾周期性规律的客观原因;并提出利用周期性规律,从而提高消防部门的整体工作效益和预防火灾、扑救火灾的有效性、科学性.     

消防系统和火灾报警系统的技术要点分析

在消防事业建设和发展的过程中,对智能化信息网络的应用不要断提升了消防系统的应急救灾能力。火灾报警系统是建立在智能化火灾预警网络基础上的智能信息采集、预警系统。随着城市建设的不断深入,各类火灾事故层出不穷,消防部门应对火灾的手段也向多元化方面发展,火灾预警系统的应用已经逐渐成为消防部门发现火灾隐患、掌控火灾情况的有利武器,是对加强消防安全的必要措施。     

浅谈居民住宅的火灾原因、特点及防范措施

本文首先论述了居民住宅火灾的常见成因,接着从防火角度分析了居民住宅火灾的特点,最后提出的防止居民住宅火灾的措施和做好居民住宅防火的意义.     

浅议老年人在火灾中伤亡事故的原因及其对策

本文分析了造成老年人伤亡的主要原因,并通过深入分析,提出了必须提高社会弱势群体的关注度,完善消防监督机制,推动人防、技防的预防对策,为老年人火灾伤亡、火灾原因分析及此类火灾预防提供了借鉴.     

Fire department demand and supply in large cities

The purpose of this study is to estimate demand and production functions for fire fighters provided in major cities. Several factors, including the level of fire losses in the communityper capitaincome, relative wages of fire fighters, population density, city size, and poverty are used in the analysis.

This study differs from earlier ones in two ways. First, multiple measures of community fire losses, instead of the usual one, are used in the analysis. Second, in contrast with earlier studies of fire protection which have typically relied on ordinary least squares regression analysis (OLS) to study either demand or production, this study employs two stage least squares regression analysis (2SLS) to simultaneously estimate demand and production relations.

Evidence is found that demand for fire fighting is affected by both fire losses and relative size of per capitaincome to fire fighter wages. Losses, in turn, are affected by fire fighting hours, by poverty and by density. There is some evidence for economies of scale. The results were consistently found for the variety of loss measures used. The 2SLS results indicated that, as expected, there are simultaneous effects occurring in demand and supply.     

大空间建筑防火分隔措施探析

大空间由于其面积超过消防规范对防火分区的要求，如采取常规的防火分隔措施，将破坏大空间的连续性．在消防设计时一直是个难题，文章通过相关的计算，通过对火焰辐射热的分析，在会展中心内设置合理宽度的防火隔离带．以达到进行防火分隔的目的。     

Fire use and prevention by traditional households in the Brazilian Amazon

Fire is an important land management tool for smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon. However, when fires are not properly controlled they can give rise to large-scale wildfires that threaten forests, agricultural plantations, and settlement areas. We use data from a survey of 220 households to examine fire prevention and the scale of fire prevention and burning activities among traditional subsistence households in the Tapajós National Forest in Pará, Brazil. We find that in traditional households, economic variables such as the opportunity cost of household time, market conditions, and the hiring wage are important predictors of these decisions, as is household reliance on standing forest resources for non-timber products. Our results confirm that traditional households actively engage in fire prevention, and suggest that fire prevention is motivated by a desire to protect agricultural plantations as well as standing forest reserves. The results suggest that increased income, improved infrastructure, and improved access to markets for labor and agricultural goods will encourage fire prevention among smallholders in communities with education and planning programs.     

高层民用建设消防登高面设计探讨

针对高层民用建筑消防登高面设计存在缺陷问题,就实践中改进和补救高层民用建筑的消防登高面,登高场地消防设计等问题作探讨。以期待设计过程中解决消防扑救登高面问题。     

我国城市生活垃圾焚烧存在的问题与对策分析

为找出符合中国实际的垃圾焚烧处理之路,通过阅读大量文献、资料和实地调研,笔者对目前国内垃圾焚烧处理存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了解决垃圾焚烧处理问题的对策:正确认识垃圾焚烧处理、补偿垃圾焚烧项目周围居民、加强对垃圾焚烧的研究、推行垃圾分类、加强垃圾焚烧处理运行过程监管、规范垃圾焚烧项目运作、政府应取信于民、加强垃圾焚烧处理技术和设备研发、统一规划。最后对全文作了总结。     

Diffusion of steam-powered firefighting equipment in the United States: innovation adoption at the municipal level

To date, econometrics-based diffusion studies have focused almost exclusively on the timing of adoption of new technology by firms and individuals. While there are detailed case studies on the evolution of firefighting for some of the largest U.S. cities in the nineteenth century, ours is the first formal econometric diffusion study of the timing of adoption of steam-powered, firefighting engines, whose first adoption was an important initial step in the evolution from independent volunteer fire departments to centralized control at the municipal level. We find evidence that the amount of manufacturing capital at risk of fire loss played a crucial role in influencing the timing of initial adoptions of this technology. This is consistent with the argument that increased industrialization in large cities was conducive to the growth in capital-intensive firefighting and centralized control of fire departments in urban America during this period.     

THE RISK OF FIRE SALES IN THE TRI‐PARTY REPO MARKET

This paper studies the risk of “fire sales” in the tri‐party repo market, a large and important market where securities dealers find short‐term funding for a substantial portion of their own and their clients' assets. We distinguish between fire sales of assets by a dealer who, facing a run that could lead to default, sells securities to generate liquidity, and fire sales of assets by repo investors after a dealer's default has occurred. While fire sales do cause damage no matter how they arise, the tools available to lessen the harm from the two types of fire sales are different. We find that limited tools are available to mitigate the risk of predefault fire sales and that no established tools currently exist to mitigate the risk of postdefault sales. (JEL G01, G18)     

Forest management under fire risk when forest carbon sequestration has value

We develop a multiple forest use model to determine the optimal harvest date for a forest stand producing both timber and carbon benefits under a risk of fire. An empirical application is provided for a forest owner producing maritime pine in Southwest of France. Our results indicate that a higher risk of fire will decrease the optimal rotation period. On the contrary, higher carbon prices increase the optimal harvesting age. To investigate the contradictory effects of fire risk and carbon price on forest rotation, we identify the set of carbon prices and fire risks that lead to a given rotation age. We also show that forest owner's willingness to pay for a risk reduction can be substantial (37.33 euros by ha and by year to reduce the annual fire risk from 1.26% to 0.07%).     

对厨房火灾危险性及其灭火装置的思考

基于厨房火灾的特点及危险性，文章论述了商用厨房应设置厨房设备灭火装置的必要性，并结合国内厨房设备灭火装置的发展，介绍了厨房设备灭火装置的工作原理及分类。     

论消防部队信息化建设的途径

近几年，我国消防行业的信息化建设有了长足的发展，各地都新建或改造了消防通信指挥系统，开发应用了一批消防信息管理软件，建起了许多消防专业网站，开始实施电子政务，消防信息网络初步形成。总体上看，我国消防行业的信息化水平与美国、日本和西欧等发达国家相比，由于起步较晚，加之综合实力、基础研究较弱，我们的差距还很大。本文首先介绍了消防发展的趋势，接着分析了消防部队信息化建设的现状，最后提出了消防部队信息化建设的方向和基本途径。