国有商业银行人力资本产权与公司治理结构设计

国有商业银行人力资本产权的作用日益突出,人力资本产权直接影响国有商业银行公司治理结构。要充分肯定商业银行公司治理结构发展的“路径依赖”特征,在原有制度的运行基础上充分体现商业银行的特殊性——人力资本产权,对现有公司治理结构进行渐近式的边际调整,最终在引入人力资本产权的基础上形成国有商业银行公司治理结构设计。     

公司治理结构研究——基于人力资本产权博弈过程的分析

随着企业契约、所有权以及人力资本理论研究的深入,人力资本产权已被引入到公司治理结构中来,其理论性和实践性尚在探索之中,仅以现有的观点解释其发展状况尤显欠缺。本文通过博弈分析和动态优化模式的设计,得出优化公司治理结构的几点建议:健全企业剩余权共同分配机制;加快人力资本市场的真正形成;完善和创新现有的法律制度。     

人力资本产权理论在跨国公司治理中的应用研究

随着全球经济一体化步伐的加快,跨国公司发展迅速,在发展过程中也出现了一些问题,其中因基于物权来构建的治理结构不能充分激发人力资本所有者的工作积极性并促使他们采取一些非常手段对付跨国公司的监督和控制。本文试图通过将人力资本产权理论应用于跨国公司治理中,解决上述问题。首先介绍了人力资本产权理论的内容,包括其概念、确认、计量的方法,然后提出在跨国公司中应构建人力资本产权的激励与约束机制,最后,总结出人力资本产权理论在跨国公司治理中的影响。     

商业银行的特殊性与公司治理研究

相对于一般的企业而言,商业银行具有更大的特殊性.本文从商业银行的特殊性出发,在对商业银行公司治理的特殊性研究综述的基础上,对我国国有商业银行特殊性进行现状分析.充分考虑公司治理场中人力资本产权影响因子的强度,从特别关注国有商业银行产权制度、强调人力资本产权的配置及激励以及债权人利益的特别保护等方面得出基于特殊性的国有商业银行公司治理的对策建议.     

会计师事务所人力资本产权化及其实现机制

企业所有权安排的变迁趋势是人力资本所有者与非人力资本所有者分享企业所有权。在会计师事务所内部,注册会计师以其拥有的人力资本与非人力资本所有者进行交易,作为产权交易主体之一,随着其地位的不断提高、谈判力的增强,无论是从理论上还是事实上,皆应享有事务所所有权。本文提出了实现注册会计师人力资本产权化的现实依据,并进一步分析了人力资本产权化的实现机制。     

试论企业经营者股权激励与人力资本产权收益

经营者股权激励作为解决经营者代理问题的一种治理机制,符合理论逻辑。但从实践效果看,大量研究表明,经营者股权激励不仅在效率上存在逻辑悖论,而且引发了新的道德风险。本文分析了经营者股权激励低效率的原因,并认为要从根本上解决代理问题,应当确认企业经营者人力资本产权,并赋予经营者人力资本产权收益。在此基础上,对经营者人力资本产权特性、经营者人力资本产权收益及构成、经营者人力资本产权收益的实现方式与模式等问题进行了研究。     

公司治理结构和产权结构优化

公司治理结构实际上是对产权利益主体关系的一种制度安排，一个有效率的公司治理结构实际上是产权利益主体的权利安排及其利益的合理界定，而产权利益主体的权利及利益的合理界定决定了产权的保障程序及产权的完整度。产权结构优化的必然选择是产权主体多元化。     

城市商业银行公司治理初探

近年来,银行公司治理尤其是城市商业银行公司治理过程中凸显的问题已引起了各界广泛关注,完善城市商业银行公司治理并以此促进城市商业银行的稳健经营和健康发展已成为金融界专家学者关注的焦点。为此,笔者仅就城市商业银行公司治理中存在的主要问题,以及如何促进城市商业银行进一步完善公司治理结构,做些粗浅的探讨。一、城市商业银行公司治理中存在的主要问题健全的公司治理是在产权明晰基础上,利益主体之间的制度安排与机制协调,良好的公司治理结构的形成不仅需要良好的产权基础,还需要人们对于公司治理认识的深化以及各种利益相关者所采…     

基于人力资本产权化的公司财务管理创新

随着知识经济时代的到来,优秀人才资源成为促进企业发展的重要力量,作为参与企业生产的核心要素之一的人力资本,对其产权的实现要求是合理和必然的。人力资本产权化使传统的产权结构发生变化,原有的围绕物力资本出资者利益而展开的公司财务管理体系将不再适用于新的产权结构,未来的财务管理体系将是一个以物力资本所有者和人力资本所有者以重产权主体参与剩余收益分配,     

试论国有商业银行有效公司治理的途径

国有商业银行建立现代企业制度构建有效公司治理,是在市场经济体制不断完善的过程中实现的,是在内外治理机制的动态统一中实现的。超越外部机制的发展程度,过分强调国际惯例．将欲速而不达,使银行治理制度“形似而神不似”。同样,片面强调“中国特色”又会坐失良机。因此,我们必须正视现实,在建立有效公司治理结构的同时．加速市场环境的培育,发挥银行内部治理机制和外部市场环境的协同作用,来实现国有商业银行有效的公司治理。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.