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《Journal of Business Venturing》2019,34(5):105928
The purpose of this editorial is to discuss methodological advancements to enhance quantitative theory-testing entrepreneurship research. As the impact of entrepreneurship scholarship accelerates and deepens, our methods must keep pace to continue shaping theory, policy, and practice. Like our sister fields in business, entrepreneurship is coming to terms with the replication and credibility crisis in the social sciences, forcing the field to revisit commonly-held assumptions that limit the promise and prospect of our scholarship. Thus, we provide suggestions for reviewers and editors to identify concerns in empirical work, and to guide authors in improving their analyses and research designs. We hope that our editorial provides useful and actionable guidance for entrepreneurship researchers submitting theory-testing papers to Journal of Business Venturing. 相似文献
3.
This study compares corporate social performance in terms of charitable contributions of minority-owned and nonminority-owned small businesses. In this sample, minority-owned small businesses are younger, have less full-time employees, and lower annual sales. Minority-owned small businesses donate more funds to religious organizations than nonminority-owned small businesses. When annual sales are accounted for, minority-owned businesses contribute more total dollars to all charitable organizations than nonminority-owned firms. Suggestions for future research in this area are delineated.Judith Kenner Thompson is an Assistant Professor of Business and Society at the University of New Mexico. Her work has appeared inResearch in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, Business Forum, and theJournal of Small Business Management.Jacqueline N. Hood is an Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior at the University of New Mexico. Her current research interests include gender issues in business, small business and entrepreneurship, and corporate social performance. 相似文献
4.
Nhung T. Nguyen M. Tom Basuray William P. Smith Donald Kopka Donald McCulloh 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(4):417-430
In this study, we examined moral issues and gender differences in ethical judgment using Reidenbach and Robin’s [Journal of Business Ethics
9 (1990) 639) multidimensional ethics scale (MES). A total of 340 undergraduate students were asked to provide ethical judgment
by rating three moral issues in the MES labeled: ‚sales’, ‚auto’, and ‚retail’ using three ethics theories: moral equity,
relativism, and contractualism. We found that female students’ ratings of ethical judgment were consistently higher than that
of male students across two out of three moral issues examined (i.e., sales and retails) and ethics theories; providing support
for Eagly’s [1987, Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role Interpretation. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Hillsdale, NJ, England)] social role theory. After controlling for moral issues, women’s
higher ratings of ethical judgment over men’s became statistically non-significant. Theoretical and practical implications
based on the study’s findings are provided.
Nhung T. Nguyen, assistant professor of human resource management at Towson University, received her Ph.D. in management from
Virginia Commonwealth University in 2001. Her research focuses on the use of situational judgement and personality tests in
personnel selection, ethics in management education, and the application of meta-analysis and structural equations modeling
in organizational research. Her research has appeared in the Journal of Applied Psychology, the International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Applied H.R.M. Research, and Journal of Applied Social Psychology among others.
M. Tom Basuray, Professor of Management at Towson University, received his Ph.D. in Business Administration in 1974 from University
of Oklahoma. His research interests are in areas of organizational effectiveness, leadership and development. His articles
have appeared in Journal of Organizational Change Management, Education & Psychological Measurement, International Journal of Management, Leadership
and Organizational Development Journal, and Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation. He has consulted with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Broadcasting Corporation, and various state and municipal
government agencies both in Maryland and North Dakota.
William P.Smith, Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business and Economics at Towson University, received
his Ph.D. in Business Administration from Arizona State University in 1982. His research interests include business ethics,
privacy in the workplace and the role of social activism in corporate governance.
Donald Kopka, an Assistant Professor at Towson University, received his Ph.D., in International Business from George Washington
University in 1995. He teaches Business Strategy, Management Principles, and Entrepreneurship and Small Business, and was
Director of the Cornerstone-Professional Experience Program in the College of Business and Economics from 1999–2003. In 2004
he was a Fulbright Scholar in Vietnam where he taught entrepreneurship and business strategy, worked on curriculum development,
and conducted ongoing research on supporting industries. Information on his Fulbright experience can be found at his website
. His research interests include entrepreneurship, business development, and teaching pedagogy. He formerly ran a property
management business, was a program manager at the U.S. Small Business Administration, and served as a Peace Corps Volunteer
in the Philippines.
Donald N. McCulloh, Lecturer in Management at Towson University, received his M.S. degree in Financial Management from The
George Washington Unversity in 1968. He teaches Management Principles and has also taught Leadership. He served as Vice President
for Administration and Finance at Towson University until his retirement in 1997, since then he has been a full-time member
of the Management faculty. He has also served in the United States Air Force, and worked in several manufacturing industries
and the automotive industry. He was Executive Director of a non-profit community development corporation. 相似文献
5.
A majority of the countries in the world are still considered “developing,” with a per capita income of less than U$1,000.
Hahn (2008, Journal of Business Ethics
78, 711–721) recently proposed an ambitious business ethics research agenda for integrating the “bottom-of-the-pyramid” countries
(Prahalad and Hart, 2002, Strategy and Competition
20, 2–14) through sustainable development and corporate citizenship. Hahn’s work is among the growing field of research in comparative
business ethics including the global business ethics index (Michalos, 2008, Journal of Business Ethics
79(1), 9–19; Scholtens and Dam, 2008, Journal of Business Ethics
75(3), 273–284; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2008, Journal of Business Ethics
75(3), 229–238). This article is complementary to Hahn’s work and it advocates an urgent need for business ethics researchers
to globally integrate the bottom-of-the-pyramid countries through a fundamental re-definition of the global economic triad,
including the United States, Western Europe, and Japan [Ohmae, 1985, Triad Power: The Coming Shape of Global Competition (New York: Free Press)]. The definition that we propose is based on business systems and institutional perspectives that
include the bottom-of-the-pyramid countries. We also propose to broaden the research in business ethics to enable comparisons
across business systems indifferent income levels. 相似文献
6.
The 2007 winner of the International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research is the Diana Project team (Candida Brush, Nancy Carter, Elizabeth Gatewood, Patricia Greene and Myra Hart). The Diana Project
builds on the vast experience of the team in the field of entrepreneurship in general and women entrepreneurship, business
growth and venture capital in particular. The Diana Project has investigated the supply and demand side of growth capital
for women entrepreneurs. The research contributes to entrepreneurship theory as well as to practice, filling a void in knowledge
on growth-oriented women entrepreneurship. In this article we present and discuss the research contribution of the Diana Project,
in the areas of entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship and venture capital. We specifically discuss the value of researching
a specific group of women entrepreneurs, those who want to grow their businesses, that very clearly demonstrates the positive
potential of female entrepreneurship. The Diana Project has also moved research on women’s entrepreneurship forward since
its framework does not treat women entrepreneurs as “other,” i.e., the project does not presuppose that women’s entrepreneurship
is similar to or different from men’s entrepreneurship. It assumes that women’s entrepreneurship is entrepreneurship and studies
it from that point of view.
Carin Holmquist is professor at Stockholm School of Economics and member of the Prize Committee for The
International
Award
for
Entrepreneurship
and
Small
Business
Research. Sara Carter is professor at University of Strathclyde. Both have written extensively in several of the areas covered by
the Diana Project. The prize is awarded by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research (FSF) and the Swedish Board
of Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK). An important aim with this prize is to attract broader attention to this
research field. A precondition for choosing the winner of the award is that the research for which the award has been granted
is a significant contribution to the theory and empirical understanding of entrepreneurship and the importance of entrepreneurship,
new firm formation and small businesses in economic development. Besides the honor, the prize consists of SEK 0.5 million
(roughly USD 80,000). It has been awarded annually since 1996. More information about the prize and previous winners is available
at . 相似文献
7.
Positive Group Context,Work Attitudes,and Organizational Misbehavior: The Case of Withholding Job Effort 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Considering the organization’s ethical context as a framework to investigate workplace phenomena, this field study of military
reserve personnel examines the relationships among perceptions of psychosocial group variables, such as cohesiveness, helping
behavior and peer leadership, employee job attitudes, and the likelihood of individuals’ withholding on-the-job effort, a
form of organizational misbehavior. Hypotheses were tested with a sample of 290 individuals using structural equation modeling,
and support for negative relationships between perceptions of positive group context and withholding effort by individual
employees was found. In addition, individual effort-performance expectancy and individual job satisfaction were negatively
related to withholding effort. The findings provide evidence that individual perceptions of positive group context play a
key role in the presence of misbehavior at work. The results indicate that positive group context might be an important element
of ethical climate that should be managed to temper occurrence of such adverse work behavior.
Roland E. Kidwell (PhD, Louisiana State University) is an associate professor in the Management and Marketing Department in
the College of Business at the University of Wyoming. His major research and teaching interests focus on new ventures and
economic development, family business, social entrepreneurship, business ethics, and workplace deviance. His research has
been published in academic journals such as the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Management, Journal of Business Venturing, International Entrepreneurship and Management
Journal, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy and Journal of Business Ethics. He is co-editor of the book, Managing Organizational Deviance (Sage, 2005).
Sean R. Valentine (DBA, Louisiana Tech University) is Professor of Management in the Department of Management, College of
Business and Public Administration at the University of North Dakota. His research and teaching interests include business
ethics, human resource management, and organizational culture. His work has appeared in journals such as Human Relations, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Journal of Business Research, Behavioral Research in Accounting
and Journal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
8.
Companies offer ethics codes and training to increase employees’ ethical conduct. These programs can also enhance individual
work attitudes because ethical organizations are typically valued. Socially responsible companies are likely viewed as ethical
organizations and should therefore prompt similar employee job responses. Using survey information collected from 313 business
professionals, this exploratory study proposed that perceived corporate social responsibility would mediate the positive relationships
between ethics codes/training and job satisfaction. Results indicated that corporate social responsibility fully or partially
mediated the positive associations between four ethics program variables and individual job satisfaction, suggesting that
companies might better manage employees’ ethical perceptions and work attitudes with multiple policies, an approach endorsed
in the ethics literature.
Sean Valentine (D.B.A., Louisiana Tech University) is an Associate Professor of Management in the college of Business at the
University of Wyoming. His teaching and research interests include business ethics, organizational behavior, and human resource
management. He has published in journals such as Behavioral Research in Accounting, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, and Journal of Business Ethics.
Gary Fleischman (Ph.D., Texas Tech University) is an Associate Professor and is the McGee Hearne and Paiz Faculty Scholar
in Accounting at the University of Wyoming. His teaching expertise is in accounting and entrepreneurship and his research
interests are in business ethics and behavioral business research. He has published in journals such as Behavioral Research in Accounting, The International Journal of Accounting and Journal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
9.
Bengt Johannisson received the International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research in 2008. In this essay we present and evaluate his work over the last four decades in three of its dimensions: pioneering,
provocative and participative. While his research interests and themes range widely, early on he resisted the individualization
of entrepreneurship studies and instead emphasized that entrepreneurship is a social practice that must be contextualized,
localized and situated. In so doing, he uses such concepts as networks, industrial districts, regions and local communities.
Making interpretive studies possible in a European context, his conceptual and methodological approach documents how future
studies of entrepreneurship can be enacted as a reflexive, participative practice where methods of research, intervention
and debate become blurred. 相似文献
10.
Lapses in ethical conduct by those in corporate and public authority worldwide have given business researchers and practitioners
alike cause to re-examine the antecedents to personal ethical values. We explore the relationship between ethical values and
an individual’s long-term orientation or LTO, defined as the degree to which one plans for and considers the future, as well
as values traditions of the past. Our study also examines the role of work ethic and conservative attitudes in the formation
of a person’s long-term orientation and consequent ethical beliefs. Empirically testing these hypothesized relationships using
data from 292 subjects, we find that long-term perspectives on tradition and planning indeed engender higher levels of ethical
values. The results also support work ethic’s role in fostering tradition and planning, as well as conservatism’s positive
association with planning. Additionally, we report how tradition and planning mediate the influence of conservatism and work
ethic on the formation of ethical values. Limitations of the study and future research directions, as well as implications
for business managers and academics, are also discussed.
Jennifer L. Nevins is an assistant professor of marketing in the Walker College of Business at Appalachian State University.
Her articles have been published in journals such as Journal of the Academy of the Marketing Science and Journal of Business
Research.Her research interests include export marketing, distribution channels, and the influence of cultural values on international
channel relationships.
William O.Bearden is the Bank of America Chaired Professor of marketing in the Moore School of Business at the University
of South Carolina. His articles have been published in journals such as journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,
and Journal of Retailing. His research interests include consume perception of value and prices,measurement of consumer and marketing constructs, and
the effects of marketplace Promotions.
R.Bruce Money is the Donald Staheli Fellow and associate professor of marketing and international business in the Marriott
School of Management, Brigham Young university. His articles have been published in journals such as Journal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of International Business Studies, and Sloan Mangement Review. His research interests include the international aspects of national culture’s measurment and effects, business-to-business
marketing, word-of-mouth promotion, services marketing, and negotiation.
“It appears many executives based their business decisions on how they could quickly build, and then protect, their own personal
fortunes – and cared less about the long-term growth and profitability of their company.” – Associated Press
(Clendenning, 2002) on the Enron collapse 相似文献
11.
This is the acceptance speech by Paul D. Reynolds upon receiving the 2004 International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research. The award is sponsored by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research (FSF) and the Swedish Business Development Agency (NUTEK). In this speech Reynolds reflects on his contribution to entrepreneurship research. 相似文献
12.
Paul Davidson Reynolds is the 2004 winner of the International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research. In this article Professor Reynolds’ contributions are summarized in terms of four sets of triplets. The first is as innovator, coordinator and disseminator of novel and important empirical research studies. The second triplet concerns the main areas of his contributions: regional variations in entrepreneurial activity, nascent entrepreneurship and firms in gestation and international comparisons of the prevalence of entrepreneurial activity. The third set of triplets concerns what aspects of the research process he has contributed to: development of new empirical methods to research entrepreneurship; coining of new concepts that now permeate this field of research, and provision of important empirical results. The final set of triplets concerns the audiences to which Reynolds’ research appeal: researchers, policy-makers and business practitioners. It is concluded that although his contributions are many and of different kinds, the single most important one is that his research has made it increasingly unreasonable to theorize and design research as if the economy essentially consisted of a relatively stable core of large, established firms and entry and exit of new firms were relatively infrequent, marginal and insignificant. 相似文献
13.
The primary aim of this study is to clarify the authorship trends, collaboration patterns, and impact factors in business ethics literature by looking at articles published between 1960 and 2015 in four leading business ethics journals: Business and Society, Business Ethics: A European Review, Business Ethics Quarterly, and the Journal of Business Ethics. This study showed the growth type of business ethics literature, authorship trends, collaboration patterns, authors' productivity evolved by subperiods and journals, and authors' dominance factor by subperiods and journals. After providing an evaluation of the results of the study, the authors discuss the study's limitations and suggestions for future research. 相似文献
14.
Does Trust Matter? The Relationship Between Equity Sensitivity and Perceived Organizational Justice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present research study was designed to extend our knowledge about issues of relevance for business ethics by examining the role of equity sensitivity and perceived organizational trust on employees perceptions of procedural and interactional justice. A model was developed and tested, and results revealed that organizational trust and respect mediated the relationship between an employees equity sensitivity and perceptions of procedural, interactional, and social accounts fairness. A discussion of issues related to perceptions of trust and fairness is presented, as well as recommendations for leaders and future scholarship.Jill Kickul, Ph.D., is the Elizabeth J. McCandless Professor in Entrepreneurship at the Simmons School of Management. She teaches courses on Entrepreneurship the New Venture Management, Contemporary Entrepreneurial Opportunities, and Strategic Analysis for Competing Globally. She has taught entrepreneurship internationally for the Helsinki School of Economics and for the International Bank of Asia (Hong Kong MBA Program). Her research interests include entrepreneurial intentions and behavior, strategic and innovation processes in start-up ventures, and women in entrepreneurship. Her articles have appeared in publications such as Journal of Management, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Journal of Small Business Management, and International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation.Lisa Gundry, Ph.D., is Professor of Management in the Charles H. L. Kellstadt Graduate School of Business at DePaul University where she teaches courses in Creativity in Business and Entrepreneurship Strategy. She has authored three books on entrepreneurship and innovation, and written numerous journal articles for publications including Journal of Business Venturing, Journal of Small Business Management, Journal of Management, Human Relations, Organizational Dynamics, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship and Family Business Review. Her research interests focus on entrepreneurship strategy and growth, and creative and innovative processes in organizations. She is Director of the Leo V. Ryan Center for Creativity and Innovation at DePaul University.Margaret Posig, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the Charles H. Kellstadt Graduate School of Business at DePaul University, where she teaches courses in Leadership and Change Management. Her research interests are in the areas of organizational leadership and change management, workplace stress, and women in leadership. Her publications appear in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Women in Management Review, Journal of Managerial Issues, and Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, among others. Dr. Posig is an Industrial/Organizational psychologist, with a Ph.D. from DePaul University, and directs the Leadership and Change Management concentration. Her consulting focuses on management development and workplace stress management. 相似文献
15.
We examine the relationship, across 39 countries, between regulation and entrepreneurship using a new two-equation model.
We find the minimum capital requirement required to start a business lowers entrepreneurship rates across countries, as do
labour market regulations. However the administrative considerations of starting a business – such as the time, the cost,
or the number of procedures required – are unrelated to the formation rate of either nascent or young businesses. Given the
explicit link made by Djankov et al. [Djankov et al. 2002, ‹The Regulation of Entry’, Quarterly Journal of Economics
117(1), 1–37] between the speed and ease with which businesses may be established in a country and its economic performance –
and the enthusiasm with which this link has been grasped by European Union policy makers – our findings imply this link needs
reconsidering.
Prepared for: Small Business Economics (2007), Special issue GEM conference 2005 相似文献
16.
A longitudinal survey of business graduates over a four-year period revealed stability over time in their assessments of proposals to improve business ethics except for significantly greater disapproval of government regulation. A comparison of graduates and executives indicate both favor developing general ethical business principles, business ethics courses, and codes of ethics, while disapproving government regulation and participation by religious leaders in ethical norms for business. The mean rankings by business graduates over time of factors influencing ethical conduct show significant declines in school-university training and significant increases for religious training and industry practices. Graduates and executives rank family training as the most important influence and school-university training as least important. The authors conclude that a more careful consideration be given to matching reform proposals and influence factors, and to increasing the depth of change efforts in individual business ethics.
Peter Arlow is Associate Professor of Management at Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 44555, U.S.A., where he teaches MBA and undergraduate management courses. His previous publications have appeared in the Academy of Management Review, Business Horizons, Long-Range Planning, and other journals.
Thomas A. Ulrich is Professor of Accounting at Loyola College in Maryland. He received his doctorate from Michigan State University and is a Certified Management Accountant as well as a Chartered Financial Analyst. Dr. Ulrich has published previously in the Journal of Accountancy, Management Accounting, The Internal Auditor, Journal of Commercial Bank Lending, Bankers Magazine, The Magazine of Bank Administration, Journal of Small Business Management and the American Journal of Small Business. 相似文献
17.
Scott J. Vitell James R. Lumpkin Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas 《Journal of Business Ethics》1991,10(5):365-375
Business and especially marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their perceptions of ethical consumer practices. In addition, few studies have examined the ethical beliefs of elderly consumers even though they are an important and rapidly growing segment. This research investigates the relationship between Machiavellianism, ethical ideology and ethical beliefs for elderly consumers. The results indicate that elderly consumers, while generally being more ethical than younger consumers, are diverse in their eithical beliefs.
Dr Scott J. Vitell is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Mississippi. His publications have appeared in the Journal of Macromarketing, the Journal of Business Ethics, the Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, Research in Marketing, various national and regional proceedings, and elsewhere.
Dr James R. Lumpkin is the Gene Brauns Professor of Marketing at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. He has been published in such journals as the American Journal of Small Business, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, The Gerontologist, Psychological Reports, Industrial Marketing Management, and Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science and other scholarly journals.
Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas is a doctoral student of Marketing at the University of Mississippi. His publications have appeared in Medical Marketing and Media and national proceedings. 相似文献
18.
This study constitutes a contribution to the discussion about moral reasoning in business. Kohlberg’s (1971, in Cognitive Development and Epistemology (Academic Press, New York), 1976, in Moral Development and Behavior: Theory and Research and Social Issues (Holt, Rienhart and Winston, New York)) cognitive moral development (CMD) theory is one explanation of moral reasoning. One
unresolved debate on the topic of CMD is the charge that Kohlbergian-type CMD theory is gender biased. This research puts
forth the proposal that the issue may be elucidated by exposing an ambiguity in “gender” (Borna and White: 2003, Journal of Business Ethics
47, 89–99; Gentile: 1993, Psychological Science
4(2), 120–122; Unger: 1979, American Psychologist
34(11), 1085–1094). We use the Sociomoral Reflective Objective Measure (SROM) to measure CMD and the Bem Sex Role Inventory
(BSRI) to measure gender as a psychosocial concept, rather than as a biological classification. The results of our study indicate
that high femininity, measured as a psychosocial attribute, is associated with significantly lower Kohlbergian-type CMD scores
among business practitioners. Sex moderates the effect of gender on CMD, but only indirectly. Our research also reveals that
education plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between gender and moral reasoning. In addition, age has
a significant direct effect on CMD scores of business practitioners.
Beverly Kracher is an Associate Professor of Business Ethics & Society in the College of Business Administration at Creighton
University. Her research areas include moral reasoning in business, e-commerece ethics & online trust, business ethics pedagogy,
and business & the environment. Her research appears in Journal of Business Ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly, Business & Society, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,
Teaching Business Ethics, Interdisciplinary Environmental Review and more.
Robert P. Marble is an Associate Professor of Decision Sciences in the College of Business Administration at Creighton University.
His research is in the areas of information systems implementation, artificial intelligence, and statistical modeling of business
processes. He has published in such journals as the European Journal of Information Systems and Information & Management. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Business Venturing》2020,35(4):106018
This editorial provides guidance to authors considering submitting papers with economics content to Journal of Business Venturing. The aim of the journal is to publish high-impact articles on entrepreneurship which combine methodological rigor with comprehensibility (‘accessibility’). Since many economics articles are technically demanding, accessibility to non-technical readers can be a major challenge for authors. This editorial provides some advice for authors of such articles to make their articles more closely targeted on the core interests of the journal's readership and more accessible to non-technical readers. To this end, the editorial suggests that potential authors might benefit from adopting one of the following ‘3R’ strategies: ‘Remove’, ‘Reduce’ or ‘Relate’. It is hoped that this editorial provides useful and actionable guidance for economics researchers submitting theoretical and empirical papers to Journal of Business Venturing. 相似文献
20.
William J. Baumol is the 2003 winner of the International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research. Throughout his career Baumol has urged the profession to pay attention to the instrumental role of entrepreneurship in economic renewal and growth. At the same time he has insisted that economists continue to use their usual tool box when the purview of analysis is extended to entrepreneurship. Hence, Baumol can be characterized as a revolutionary from within. In this article we present and discuss Baumol's research contribution in the areas of entrepreneurship and small business economics, notably from a growth perspective. In addition to placing his work in these areas into the wider context of his full contribution, we emphasize Baumol's findings that growth cannot be explained by the accumulation of various factors of production per se; human creativity and productive entrepreneurship are needed to combine the inputs in profitable ways. As a result, an institutional environment that encourages productive entrepreneurship and human experimentation becomes the ultimate determinant of economic growth. 相似文献