Willingness to Pay versus Expected Consumption Value in Vickrey Auctions for New Experience Goods

Over the past two decades, Vickrey auctions have been widely used to elicit willingness to pay for new food products. This article shows that in a multiperiod context, it can be optimal for consumers to bid higher than the expected consumption value for a new experience good to obtain information about how the new good fits into their preference set. The degree of uncertainty about the consumption value, the purchasing frequency, and expected future market prices affect both the expected value of the quality information and the subgame perfect bidding strategy in Vickrey auctions for new experience goods.     

Planting Decisions and Uncertain Consumer Acceptance of Genetically Modified Crop Varieties

There exists much uncertainty about consumer attitudes toward genetically modified foods. If it happens that sufficient (insufficient) acres are planted under nonmodified seed to meet postharvest demand, then a price premium will not (will) emerge for the nonmodified varieties. A nonlinearity originates in the fact that a price premium may not be supported. This nonlinearity interacts with demand uncertainty to determine equilibrium plantings and the probability that postharvest varietal prices differ. Also, as planting approaches signals will be broadcast about the nature of postharvest demand. We show how the nonlinearity affects the types of signals that growers will prefer to receive.     

On the Valuation of Uncertainty in Welfare Analysis

This article develops a general model of private and public choice under temporal uncertainty. The model incorporates the effects of risk preferences and the prospect of future learning into both the individual and aggregate valuations of public projects. The analysis provides new insights on individual valuation, its implications for benefit–cost analysis and the characterization of Pareto-efficiency under uncertainty. It also resolves some of the confusion in the option value and quasi-option value literature.     

退耕还林边际内部成本中信息不完全的经济学福利分析

退耕还林还草工程是一项具有正的外部性的经济活动,然而在实施中,却存在着诸多问题。对这些问题进行整理之后发现,其中一些问题来自于信息不完全,因此本文通过成本效益曲线对外部性情况下的市场失灵的福利损害进行分析,然后比较高估和低估边际内部成本带来的社会福利损害,最后提出解决的建议。     

工业反哺农业的经济社会分析

工业反哺农业是由农业的特点所决定的。从经济学的角度分析,农业是弱质产业,不仅因为农业生产面临自然风险,也面临市场风险,我国的农产品市场是一个典型的完全竞争市场,从而导致农业利润难以实现。从社会角度分析,农业是社会稳定的基础,不仅为社会提供生活必需品,而且农业的外部性使之发挥着生态功能、就业功能以及农业文化的传承等功能,这就决定了农业不是简单的经济问题,而是复杂的社会问题。因此,政府必须把农业作为公共产品予以支持。这是工业反哺农业,城市支持农村的理论依据。     

地球信息科学的经济分析初探

地球信息科学是研究地球上电离层 -莫霍面之间不同坐标点上分布的信息内容及其综合模拟原理和技术的信息科学与地球系统科学的交叉学科。本文分析了地球信息科学技术层面上的含义 ,并根据目前的研究成果 ,从经济学的角度对其经济意义进行了初步分析 ,提出了我国地球信息科学在技术研究方面发展方向的建议。     

信息与采矿权价值评估

矿业权市场化活跃了矿产经济,但并没有改变矿产资源的国有产权属性。矿业权的交换和转移存在着利益的多方博弈,信息的不对称使博弈双方在利益评估和分配上存在非公平可能。为保护在交易过程中交易各方的合法权益,需要关注信息对矿业权市场的影响,明确信息的价值并制定更加完善的信息管理措施。     

Technology Adoption under Production Uncertainty: Theory and Application to Irrigation Technology

We propose a theoretical framework to analyze the conditions under which a farmer facing production uncertainty (due to a possible water shortage) and incomplete information will adopt a more efficient irrigation technology. A reduced form of this model is empirically estimated using a sample of 265 farms located in Crete, Greece. The empirical results suggest that farmers choose to adopt the new technology in order to hedge against production risk. In addition, we show that the farmer's human capital also plays a significant role in the decision to adopt modern, more efficient irrigation equipment.     

知识经济时代的土地信息服务需求框架构建

通过详细分析目前国内外土地信息服务的现状、存在的问题及土地、土地信息和土地信息服务的关系,阐述了土地信息服务的演变过程,提出土地信息服务的概念、内容和特征.在此基础上,分析知识经济时代不同用户根据土地信息进行工作和生活的特征,提炼出土地信息服务的基本需求,构造出土地信息服务的需求框架,以期能为构建一个适应知识经济时代的土地信息服务体系奠定理论基础,为实现土地管理信息化提供帮助.     

Genetic Information in Agricultural Productivity and Product Development

Two prominent features of recent changes in agriculture have been the advent of precision breeding techniques and an increase in the level of information netputs in production. This article identifies ways in which these features may complement in expanding the variety of processed products, level of productivity, and rate of change in productivity. Using a martingale concept of information, we identify conditions under which information increases the incentives to invest and engage in product differentiation activities. A theory on how genetic uniformity can enhance the rate of learning through process experimentation, and so the rate of technical change, is developed.     

The Economic Effects of Intervention in Canadian Agriculture

Interventions affecting producers and consumers of agricultural commodities are a major topic of public debate in Canada at present. The impact of federal interventions affecting eight commodities (wheal, barley, oats, potatoes, beef, pork, poultry and eggs) is examined using concepts of nominal and effective protection. Lessons to be drawn from this analysis are that intervention is much more pervasive than is often realized, and that decisions about altering intervention must be made commodity-by-commodity because the economic situation of each is unique.
Les interventions affectant les producteurs el les consommateurs de denrées agricoles. est un sujet majeur de débat public au Canada, en ce moment. Ľimpact des interventions affectionnant huit denreés (le blé, ľorge. ľavoine, les pommes de terre. le hoeuf, le porc, la volaille el les oeufs) est examiné en utilisant des concepts de protection nominate et effective. Les conclusions devant être tirées de cette analyse, sont que ľintervention est beaucoup plus répandue que ľon peul le réaliser. et qu 'il est conseillé. en ce qui concerne les modifications sur ľintervention. de procéder denrée par denrée. car la situation économique de chacune ďentre elle est unique.     

Economic Risk and Water Quality Protection in Agriculture

Producers' and consumers' risk perceptions and preferences can affect perceived costs and benefits of agricultural water quality protection. Many studies find that integrated pest management actually reduces economic risks to farmers. Results from crop rotation and conservation tillage studies are mixed, while nutrient management studies indicate a potential for higher risk compared with conventional practices. Uncertainty about pollution damages to water resources is likely also to increase the perceived benefits of a given quantity of water quality protection practices. Public policies to reduce uncertainty about the costs and benefits of water quality protection practices may produce net social benefits.     

经济学视域下的假日旅游研究

假日旅游对于扩大国内需求市场有一定的帮助,同时在一定程度上调整了我国的消费结构,通过对假日旅游消费各个层面进行深入分析,指出"黄金周"现象只是一种"即期繁荣"式的假日消费,从长期来看"黄金周"长假对刺激消费作用有限,并且,长假后社会经济成本急剧上升,而长假所带来的收益却因为我国经济自身的发展(摆脱紧缩局面)而减少.我们应该理性看待假日消费所带动的经济增长,重视其不经济的一面,积极寻求变革的有效途径.     

会计信息失真与会计信息不确定性及对策探析

本文从哲学的角度阐述了客观事物不确定性决定了会计信息的不确定性 ,并从会计信息不确定性观点出发对影响会计信息质量关键点进行了研究 ,探讨了会计信息从生产、传播到消费三个阶段失真的原因 ,提出了进行综合治理的六条对策。     

中国天然橡胶消费与经济增长实证研究

本研究基于C-D生产函数,采用1980～2008年的数据,并将其扩展引入天然橡胶消费量(NRC),轮胎外胎产量(LT),通过建立多变量的VAR模型与脉冲响应函数分析中国天然橡胶消费与经济增长的关系。研究发现:劳动、资本、天然橡胶消费、轮胎外胎产量与GDP之间存在长期均衡的关系,经济的增长对与天然橡胶消费量的增加具有较强的带动作用,相反天然橡胶消费量的波动对GDP的影响却很小。最后根据分析结果提出相关政策建议。