浅析室外消火栓的应用

室外消火栓顾名思义就是在出现火灾时消防部门用于取水灭火的一种装置。室外消火栓对于城市消防安全起到了重要的作用,是市政消防给水管网上的取水灭火设施,其主要作用是为消防车提供水源,保证火场消防供水,在一定意义上说是城市的保护神,也是城市文明程度的重要标志之一。室外消火栓犹如一个军人,是"养兵千日,用兵一时"的救火取水控制设备,一旦出现火情必须满足消防部门的要求。本文阐述了室外消火栓的选型、安装形式、安装设计以及管理与防护等4个方面,笔者认为这4个方面对于室外消火栓满足消防要求是至关重要的。     

关于市政消火栓建设问题的若干探讨

市政消火栓对于城市消防安全起到了重要的作用，是市政消防给水管网上的取水灭火设施，其主要作用是为消防车提供水源，保证火场消防供水，在一定意义上说是城市的保护神，也是城市文明程度的重要标志之一，当然整齐规范的市政消火栓也是城市一道美丽的风景线。由于缺少市政消火栓造成小火变成大灾的惨剧让世人震惊。因此，本文从实际工作角度出发分析了当前市政消火栓建设过程中遇到的一些困难和问题，并提出了相应的对策。     

住宅建筑给排水设计探讨

住宅建筑中给排水设计包括水表设置及给水支管敷设,排水管敷设以及室内消火栓敷设。     

高层住宅消防给水系统研究

文章通过对高层住宅消防给水系统设计基本要求、消火栓给水系统设施设置、自动喷水灭火系统供水方式、车库和发电机房灭水系统设置和贮水池的特点进行分析探讨,论证高层住宅消防给水系统设计的基本要求和设置给水系统的具体要求和特点,并指导实际的消防监督工作。     

贺州德兴花园高层住宅楼给排水及消防设计

高层住宅楼给排水及消防设计涉及的内容包括：分户水表的设置、生活给水系统的分区、减压和节能方式、消火栓给水系统环状管网的布置、室内消火栓的间距和水压计算、自动喷淋系统的设计与计算、加压泵房的布置与计算、排水系统的设计与计算,一、二层污废水的单独排放等内容。     

浅谈高层建筑给水排水工程设计方法

高层商住楼消火栓系统与自动喷水灭火系统的优化组合设计由于临街商业价值受到建设单位(开发商)的重视,所以商住形式高层建筑越来越多地出现在城市里。关于高层商住楼的消防设计,尤其是自动喷水灭火系统设计,商住楼是两种防火性质建筑的组合,分别加以对待。即裙房部分作为商业楼无可非议地全部设置自动喷水灭火系统,而将裙房以上的标准层视为纯住宅,不设自动喷水灭火系统。当然,整个商住楼均设有消火栓系统。优化设计方面主要是依靠广大设计人员在设计研究的工作实践中,不断随着条件(如生活水平,卫生设备的装备、人们对用水状况的要求、建筑构造等)的改变,研究新情况,解决新问题,创造新的节能、节水、安全可靠的给水排水系统方式和设计方法。     

室内消火栓给水系统的设计规划探讨

室内消防给水系统是目前保障建筑物消防安全的主要设施,现实生活中也最大限度的减少人员伤亡和财产损失,维护公共安全和公众利益,提高经济和社会效益。室内消火栓给水系统设计涉及对消防水箱、消防栓和喷头设计的具体要求,其中任何环节出现设计偏差,都不会起到良好的消防效果,甚至于带来巨大的经济损失。现着重论述室内消火栓及喷头的设计规划要求。     

浅谈消火栓、消防软管卷盘的设置

近十年来,我国居民住宅火灾事故、直接财产损失一直居高不下,提高居民初期火灾扑救能力、设置合适的自救消防设施,是现阶段有效遏制居民住宅初期火灾的关键问题。本文从住宅消防安全状况、室内消火栓的设置及火灾时使用情况等方面入手,提出在住宅建筑内设置消防软管卷盘,并向相关场所推及。     

建筑消防泵站设计中常见问题探究

由于市政给水管网的水压或水量一般难以满足消防要求,很多建筑通过设计消防泵站来解决这个问题。文章针对目前消防泵站中存在的问题,提出了优化消防泵站设计的措施。     

市政路桥施工的技术及质量控制措施

随着我国当前现代化建设行业的不断发展，市政路桥工程的建设数量和范围在逐渐增加，为了满足后续通车要求减少安全问题的发生，在市政路桥建设的过程中，需要选择合适的施工技术，并且完善现有的质量控制方案，尽一切可能保证市政路桥的施工质量，不仅有助于延长市政路桥的使用寿命，还有助于满足现代化城市建设的要求。因此相关技术人员需要按照实际情况选择合适的技术方案和质量控制措施，以此来保证市政路桥工程的正常使用。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.