中国石油钢管的发展现状分析

采用回归分析法测算分析了石家庄市高新技术产业对三大产业的经济增长贡献率以及各产业的发展对石家庄市的经济增长贡献率,从横向与纵向两方面论证了发展高新技术对经济发展的推动作用,在此基础上给出了石家庄市高新技术产业合理发展的对策建议。     

生态城市规划中生态敏感地区的判定与分析

通过对石家庄455.8 km2范围内的生态敏感区调查,采用德尔菲法计算出生态敏感性的原始评分,对滹沱河自然生态退化敏感区、地下水源保护敏感区、南水北调石家庄段河道敏感区、绿化隔离带敏感区、城市景观敏感区等进行分析评价,得出滹沱河、南水北调为最敏感区;地下水、民心河为敏感区;生态隔离带和城市景观不列入敏感区内。     

石家庄市灰霾天气特征分析及防控对策

通过研究石家庄市灰霾天气的现状及特征,分析了石家庄市灰霾天气形成原因,针对石家庄市的环境现状,提出了具有可操作性的防控对策。     

石家庄市灰霾天气特征分析及防控对策

通过研究石家庄市灰霾天气的现状及特征,分析了石家庄市灰霾天气形成原因,针对石家庄市的环境现状,提出了具有可操作性的防控对策。     

石家庄市灰霾天气特征分析及防控对策

通过研究石家庄市灰霾天气的现状及特征,分析了石家庄市灰霾天气形成原因,针对石家庄市的环境现状,提出了具有可操作性的防控对策。     

石家庄市PM_(2.5)工业源成分谱的建立及分析

石家庄大气污染严重,尤其是PM2.5浓度经常居高不下。为更加有效地降低PM2.5的浓度,需要对石家庄市PM2.5的来源进行精确解析。为了更加精确地进行源解析工作,需要以本地排放源的成分谱作为输入参数,目前关于石家庄市PM2.5工业源谱的研究还未见有文献报道。选取石家庄市具有代表性的若干工业,借助各种先进分析测试手段,深入细致地分析了石家庄市PM2.5的工业源谱,对于研究石家庄市PM2.5源解析具有很大的参考价值。研究发现:电力行业源谱中的Al可作为电力行业燃煤源标志性化学组分,且含量高于其他城市数据,是石家庄市电力行业源谱的显著特点;在钢铁行业源谱中,Fe和Ca的含量明显区别于电力行业源谱,可作为石家庄市钢铁行业源谱的标志性化学组分。     

石家庄市农药行业现状和发展对策

通过对石家庄市农药企业现状调查研究,并结合国内国际的农药行业的现状及发展趋势,有针对性的提出了在环境危机下石家庄市实施产业结构调整、建立研发中心、促进企业合作升级、组建农药三废处理和包装回收中心系统等一系列具体措施,真正实现石家庄市农药行业的可持续发展。     

1998/1999年石家庄市冬季服装色彩流行调查分析

通过对石家庄市部分群体服装色彩的调查,分析１９９８／１９９９ 年石家庄市冬季服装色彩的流行趋势和流行特点,并提出了几条引导流行的相应策略。     

石家庄市空气质量状况分析

针对石家庄市已采取多项治理措施,但大气污染治理成效仍不显著的现状,为改善石家庄市的空气质量,在对石家庄市气象条件、地形地理情况、社会经济发展模式及大气污染源排放状况进行综合分析的基础上,运用大气环境质量模型,模拟计算得出各项大气污染源对石家庄市空气质量的贡献比例和本区域外部传输的影响。在石家庄市自然等因素不利于污染物扩散的的前提下,针对石家庄市以燃煤为主的能源结构和高耗能产业占比较大的产业结构等现状,提出应增加清洁能源在现有能源结构中的比例、应用成熟可行技术提升工业企业治理污染的能力,以及重污染天气时采取多方面管控措施等手段。研究结果对改善石家庄市的空气质量有一定的参考价值。     

“十一五”期间石家庄市交通噪声污染状况及原因分析

"十一五"期间,石家庄市机动车保有量达到了1 623 332辆,市区平均每日机动车出行总量约为60万辆,平均时速约为43km,对治理道路交通噪声污染带来了极大的压力。在对石家庄市"十一五"期间道路交通噪声监测数据进行统计分析的基础上,从分析石家庄市交通噪声的污染现状入手,讨论其污染成因,并提出控制与削减城市交通噪声污染的对策和建议。     

食品中脂质提取方法研究进展

对20世纪80年代以来食品中脂质提取测定方法及应用进行了评述,重点介绍了氯仿甲醇法及其改进方法。     

电力系统线路电压降与电压损失的精确表达式

以电力系统线路的向量图为基础,分别导出了线路的电压降和电压损失的精确表达式。     

快速成形制造技术的发展与应用

快速成形制造(RPM)是21世纪的重要先进制造技术。本文论述该技术在国内外的发展情况和应用领域。     

Applying Target Costing in the Development of Marketable and Environmentally Friendly Products from Swine Waste

Management of swine waste generated in the United States is a challenging problem facing engineers, farmers, scientists, regulators, and policy-makers. Technologies for processing and storing swine waste have not been fully developed and refined in a manner acceptable to the public and environmental regulators. The primary concerns with improperly disposed swine waste are the effects on human and livestock health, surface and groundwater quality, air quality, and conservation of nitrogen fertilizers (Hagenstein 2003 Hagenstein, P. R. 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs, Washington, D. C.: National Research Council, National Academy Press.  [Google Scholar]).

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the concept of target costing by applying it to a very specific example: the production of biomethanol from swine manure. This study summarizes the analyses that outline a design and calculate a preliminary cost estimate for a proposed system for producing biomethanol from swine manure (initial process). In this study the target costing process is demonstrated with calculation of a target cost. This article also demonstrates an application of value engineering as a systematic, interdisciplinary examination of factors affecting the cost of a product so as to find means to fulfill the product's specified purpose at the required standards of quality and reliability and at an acceptable cost.

The article is organized as follows. First, the purpose of applying target costing methodology to the development of marketable by-products from swine manure is outlined. Next, target cost is calculated for biomethanol made from swine manure based on current methanol prices and currently available subsidies for biomethanol made from swine manure. A system for producing biomethanol from swine manure is described. The current cost is calculated for producing biomethanol. Concepts of value engineering are employed to reduce a significant cost component of the initial process resulting in Process II. Finally, value engineering is employed the second time to further reduce the cost of Process II yielding Process III.     

“Engineering Economics Jeopardy!” Mobile App for University Students

This article presents the “Engineering Economics Jeopardy!” mobile app development process and college students’ satisfaction assessment of the developed app. The app includes a general tools E-book, calculator, reference tables, conceptual questions, and calculation problems in an engaging fashion. The E-book is a summary of the key concepts of engineering economics. The calculator provides functions to solve basic engineering economics problems with formulas. The tables allow the users to compute discrete compound interest factors. Through this Jeopardy! game, users can compete with two virtual opponents that have artificial intelligence to answer conceptual questions and calculation problems. Different sets of problems range from the simple questions on the time value of money to more complex concepts, such as sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and supply–demand equilibrium. This app is intended to give students more opportunity to learn and practice concepts of engineering economics whenever and wherever they want using their mobile devices. Accomplishments of this work include the following:

• “Engineering Economics Jeopardy!” mobile app has been developed and distributed.

• Five thousand people have downloaded the app so far.

• The effectiveness of the developed app has been researched with 116 college students who were enrolled in engineering economics courses across two semesters.

     

Discounting Indices Proposed for Capital Investment Evaluation: A Further Examination

A recent publication [2 Bernhard , Richard H. , “ A Comprehensive Comparison and Critique of Discounting Indices Proposed for Capital Investment Evaluation ,” The Engineering Economist , Volume 16 , Number 3 , Spring 1971 .[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]] in this journal presented a comprehensive comparison and critique of discounting indices proposed for (i) the examination of whether a proposed independent project should be accepted and (ii) selection of a project from a set of mutually exclusive projects. The present paper examines procedures available in the literature of engineering and managerial economics and in practice for selecting projects from a given number of proposed capital investment projects, if a given capital constraint does not permit the undertaking of all proposed projects. It appears that the present state of the art is subject to much controversy and confusion. The ensuing presentation intends to rectify this situation. In addition, a procedure for the above selection problem is developed. Usage of this procedure is recommended for the many policy makers who are continually faced with the trade-off between elaborate methods on the one hand and cursory /approximations on the other.     

Sketching by design: teaching sketching to young learners

Recent science educational reforms in the United States have prompted increased efforts to teach engineering design as an approach to improve STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning in K-12 classrooms. Teaching design in early grades is a new endeavor for teachers in the United States. Much can be learned from design teaching and research on K-12 design education outside of the US. The purpose of this study was to explore how students learn and use design sketching to support their learning of science and design practices. Researchers provided a treatment of design sketching instruction based on best practices of prior research finding (Hope in Des Technol Educ Int J 10: 43–53, 2005; Gustafson et al. J Technol Educ 19(1):19–34, 2007). A delayed treatment model was used to provide a two-group counterbalanced quasi-experimental design to compare an experimental group and comparison (delayed treatment) group results from (6) grade 3 classrooms. Researchers employed Hope’s Des Technol Educ Int J 10: 43–53, (2005) frame to organize sketching data for analysis. Findings from this study indicated that design instruction treatment did improve student’s design and communication practices, moving from using sketching as a container of ideas to the use of sketching as a form of design communication and to refine design ideas. Both the treatment and comparison groups improved sketching skills after treatment was provided to both groups. Sketching is a design practice that can also help student learn science concepts through the generation of mental models of conceptual understanding.     

Educating for environmental sustainability and educating for creativity: actively compatible or missed opportunities?

This paper identifies the importance of both creativity and environmental sustainability for developing individual learners and society as a whole. It suggests that sometimes these two concepts appear to be in tension and that, politically, each is often championed by different communities. The relationship between creativity and environmental sustainability is explored in three separate contexts: in a design and technology schools context where teenage learners are being facilitated to develop creative responses within design briefs that include environmental considerations; through interviewing student teachers who have undertaken an ecodesign project; and through interviews with professional ecodesign practitioners. The tensions, compromises and contradictions evident where there is limited experience of environmental issues is contrasted with the level of optimisation and creativity engaged when designers have more maturity in this area. Finally, some suggestions are made for taking forward creativity and environmental sustainability in technology education through an ecodesign capability approach.

Examining design cognition coding schemes for P-12 engineering/technology education

Cultivating students’ design abilities can be highly beneficial for the learning of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts, and development of higher-order thinking capabilities (National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council in STEM integration in k-12 education: status, prospects, and an agenda for research, The National Academies Press, Washington, 2014). Therefore, examining students’ strategies, how they distribute their cognitive effort, and confront STEM concepts during design experiences, can help educators identify effective and developmentally appropriate methods for teaching and scaffolding design activities for students (National Research Council in standards for k-12 engineering education? The National Academies Press, Washington, 2010). Yet, educational researchers have only recently begun examining students’ engineering design cognition at the P-12 level, despite reports such as Standards for K-12 Engineering Education? (National Research Council 2010) designating this area of research as lackluster. Of the recent studies that have investigated engineering design cognition at the P-12 level, the primary method of investigation has been verbal protocol analysis using a think-aloud method (Grubbs in further characterization of high school pre- and non-engineering students’ cognitive activity during engineering design, 2016). This methodology captures participants’ verbalization of their thought process as they solve a design challenge. Analysis is typically conducted by applying a pre-determined coding scheme, or one that emerges, to determine the distribution of a group’s or an individual’s cognition. Consequently, researchers have employed a variety of coding schemes to examine and describe students’ design cognition. Given the steady increase of explorations into connections between P-12 engineering design cognition and development of student cognitive competencies, it becomes increasingly important to understand and choose the most appropriate coding schemes available, as each has its own intent and characteristics. Therefore, this article presents an examination of recent P-12 design cognition coding schemes with the purpose of providing a background for selecting and applying a scheme for a specific outcome, which can better enable the synthesis and comparison of findings across studies. Ultimately, the aim is to aid others in choosing an appropriate coding scheme, with cognizance of research analysis intent and characteristics of research design, while improving the intentional scaffolding and support of design challenges.     

Deconstructing the Tower of Babel: a design method to improve empathy and teamwork competences of informatics students

The competence-based education recently launched in Spanish universities presents a set of abilities and skills that are difficult to teach to students in higher and more technologically-oriented grades. In this paper, a teaching intervention that is based on design methodologies is proposed, to upgrade the competitive capacities of computer engineering students. In particular, this intervention targets those aspects relating to working in multidisciplinary teams and to defining requirements based on the user’s empathy and knowledge. The main idea inspiring this technique is that the underlying challenge is a communication problem. As Brooks (1995) states in his book The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, even a project having all of the prerequisites for success (a clear mission, manpower, materials, time and adequate technology) could fail as a Tower of Babel. The proposed technique through mixed methods has been evaluated with students enrolled in different courses, confirming the repeatability and validity of this method from quantitative measurement, from observation of the results, and from ascertaining the value perceived by students and their attitudes.