谈小容量注射剂药液配制系统清洗效果验证

文章介绍了小容量注射剂药液配制系统清洗效果的验证,通过分析影响清洁效果的因素,制定出清洗方案,使结果得到确认。结果表明,合理、优化的清洁效果验证是药品生产质量的重要保证。     

谈小容量注射剂药液配制系统清洗效果验证

文章介绍了小容量注射剂药液配制系统清洗效果的验证,通过分析影响清洁效果的因素,制定出清洗方案,使结果得到确认。结果表明,合理、优化的清洁效果验证是药品生产质量的重要保证。     

浅析药品生产设备的清洗验证

从各国的相关法规开始,通过介绍制药企业生产设备的清洁程序、取样方法、标准制定,阐述设备清洗验证的基本要求,为制药企业工艺设备的清洁验证提供参考。     

旧油管清洗检测工艺的技术研究与实践

本文通过对目前油管清洗工艺技术进行分析,创造性地引入地热水清洗油管的技术手段和方式,利用地热水全自动油管清洗工艺技术的实践,实现了油管清洗自动化程度高、速度快、清洗效果好、能耗低的目标,该工艺技术是一种高效、清洁、环保的新工艺技术,值得中国石油各油气生产单位进行推广。     

新型清洗扫路车作业控制装置的设计

新开发的一种清洗扫路车集清洗和扫路于一体,以高压水替代扫刷,同时实现清洗和清扫路面两种功能,冲刷污水集拢至吸嘴处吸入回收,提高了水资源利用效率,实际清洁效果良好。本文介绍了该车的作业控制装置的设计。     

物业外广场粗糙面石材的清洗与防护

<正>由于室外广场石材粗糙饰面的特殊性，表面容易蓄积污垢或被污染。在使用过程中，需要反复进行清洗以保持石材表面的洁净。如果不及时清洁容易引发石材产生各种污染，影响环境清洁的品质，这样不仅让后期的维护成本提高，而且还无法保证清洗后的效果。下面就以南京华采天地商业体为案例分享外广场粗糙面石材的清洗与防护。     

商务部出台清洁清洗行业三项标准10万家企业亟待规范化管理

商务部近日出台了清洁清洗行业的三项标准，分别为《清洁行业企业资质评价体系》、《清洁行业经营服务规范》、《集中空调通风系统清洗技术管理规范》。上述三项标准已于2011年11月1日生效，并在全国范围内正式实施。     

二效浓缩系统清洁验证设计

多品种共线生产在很多原料药生产厂家是一个很普遍的现象,同一设备或同一生产线在生产不同的原料药时,需要进行相应的清洁验证,以证明清洁方法的可靠性。清洁验证中需要找出设备或生产线上最差条件的生产品种,并对其清洁方法及清洁效果进行验证,以确保在切换品种的生产时,设备清洁符合要求,设备清洁后的残留在可控的范围内,不会对下一个生产的品种造成交叉污染。     

什么行业最吃香？

清洗业:最财源滚滚 清洗业在中国起步较晚,正处在卖方市场的初始阶段,专业清洗行业向我们展示了一个无比广阔的市场前景。据信息产业部统计,中国每年潜在着3000亿元人民币的专业清洁市场需求,是世界上最大的专业清洁市场。目前全国有清洗公司3000家,其中保洁清洗公司占60％,不包括也在从事此行业的家政服     

多姿多彩的吸尘器

全能吸尘器荷兰菲利浦公司最近推出一种集吸尘、清洗、吸水功能于一体的新型全能吸尘器。这种吸尘器带有双重喷射清洁吸嘴,不仅能吸走地毯表面的尘埃,还能将地毯表面吸起,喷射清洁剂清洗,并将水吸干。清洁地毯的过程快捷,清洗更为彻底。     

Consistency of a nonparametric estimation of a density functional

LetX be a random variable with distribution functionF and density functionf. Let ? and ψ be known measurable functions defined on the real lineR and the closed interval [0, 1], respectively. This paper proposes a smooth nonparametric estimate of the density functional \(\theta = \int\limits_R \phi (x) \psi \left[ {F (x)} \right]f^2 (x) dx\) based on a random sampleX ₁, ...,X _n fromF using a kernel functionk. The proposed estimate is given by \(\hat \theta = (n^2 a_n )^{ - 1} \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^n \mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^n \phi (X_i ) \psi \left[ {\hat F (X_i )} \right]k\left[ {(X_i - X_j )/a_n } \right]\) , where \(\hat F(x) = n^{ - 1} \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^n K\left[ {(x - X_i )/a_n } \right]\) with \(K (w) = \int\limits_{ - \infty }^w {k (u) } du\) . The estimate \(\hat \theta \) is shown to be consistent both in the weak and strong sense and is used to estimate the asymptotic relative efficiency of various nonparametric tests, with particular reference to those using the Chernoff-Savage statistic.     

Existence of a convex extension of a preference relation

In this paper we say that a preference (i.e. irreflexive) relationP isregular (or aweak order) if both it and its non-comparability relation are transitive; we also say that a preference relationP ^* is aconvex extension of another preference relationP ifP?P ^* holds andP ^* is regular and convex-valued. We prove that a convex extension ofP exists if and only if every non-empty and finite set of alternativesA is not included in the convex hull of ∪ _x∈A P(x).     

Simulation of a blood-inventory-bank system in a hospital

A blood-bank inventory system has been analysed viewing it as an inventory-hank system where the demand forecasting forms a part of the inventory model. A simulation model incorporating the “desired-beginning-inventory-level” policy has been used for the analysis of system-performance. Optimal inventory policy-guidelines have been suggested for a hospital blood-bank using blood shortage and blood out-dating as the two important components of the measure of effectiveness. Numerical results have been given.     

一个人和一本杂志的奇迹

曾经接近倒闭的台湾《商业周刊》在俞国定手中奇迹般地成为今天台湾业界发行量、广告额排名第一的杂志。他掌握了媒体成功的秘笈了吗?     

Calculating Cumulants of a Taylor Expansion of a Multivariate Function

A method, which we believe is simpler and more transparent than the one due to McCullagh (1984) , is described for obtaining the cumulants of a scalar multivariate stochastic Taylor expansion. Its generalisation is also suggested. An important feature, previously not reported, is that the expansion of every cumulant of order ≥ 2 is made up of separate subseries.
In order to handle certain frequently occurring sums over permutations of members of compound index sets, we introduce a new notation  [ m ]_*,  where   m   is a positive integer.     

Developing a Continuous Space Representation of a Simulated Population

Abstract

Spatial microsimulation models typically match census of population data with survey data in order to simulate synthetic populations of individuals and households within small-scale geographic areas. For most spatial microsimulation applications this level of spatial precision is satisfactory. For others, more precise information on the location of simulated units may be required. To this end this paper develops a continuous space representation of a simulated population. It presents a statistical matching approach for assigning simulated households from a spatial microsimulation model to unique spatially-referenced residential locations. The allocation is based on a random assignment after splitting the simulated households into two groups: those predicted to reside in apartments and those predicted to reside in houses. The resulting ‘geohouseholds’ have a range of potential applications in economic and spatial analysis.

Création d'une représentation spatiale continue d'une population stimulée

Résumé Les modèles de microsimulation spatiale assortissent généralement les données de recensement de la population à des données de sondages, afin de simuler des populations synthétiques de particuliers et de foyers au sein de régions géographiques à échelle restreinte. Dans la plupart des applications de microsimulation spatiale, ce niveau de précision spatiale est satisfaisant. Dans d'autres, des informations plus précises sur l'emplacement d'unités simulées pourront s'avérer nécessaires. A cette fin, la présente communication crée une représentation spatiale continue d'une population simulée. Elle présente une méthode de correspondance statistique permettant d'affecter des foyers simulés, issus d'un modèle de microsimulation spatiale à des lieux résidentiels unique à référence spatiale. Cette allocation est basée sur une affectation aléatoire après la subdivision des foyers simulés en deux groupes : ceux dont on prévoit qu'ils résideront en appartement, et ceux dont on prévoit qu'ils résideront dans un maison. Les « géofoyers » résultants présentent toute une série d'applications potentielles pour les analyses économiques et spatiales.

Desarrollo de una representación espacial continua de una población simulada

Extracto Típicamente, los modelos de microsimulación espacial emparejan el censo de datos de la población con datos de encuestas, con objeto de simular poblaciones sintéticas de individuos y hogares dentro de áreas geográficas a pequeña escala. Para la mayoría de las aplicaciones de microsimulación espacial este nivel de precisión espacial es satisfactorio. Para otras, podría requerirse información más precisa sobre la ubicación de unidades simuladas. Con este objetivo, este trabajo desarrolla la representación espacial continua de una población simulada. Presenta un planteamiento de emparejamiento estadístico para asignar hogares simulados procedentes de un modelo de microsimulación espacial a ubicaciones residenciales únicas referenciadas espacialmente. La colocación se basa en una asignación al azar después de dividir los hogares simulados en dos grupos: los que se predice que residirán en apartamentos y los que se predice que residirán en casas. Los ‘geohogares’ resultantes ofrecen una gama de aplicaciones en potencia en el análisis económico y espacial.

     

On a two-step estimation of a multivariate logit model

In this article the author studies the properties of the two-step estimation method proposed by Domencich and McFadden (Urban Travel Demand, North-Holland, 1975) for a multivariate logit model and shows that it is consistent but asymptotically less efficient than the maximum likelihood estimator. Its computation, however, can be considerably simpler than that of the maximum likelihood estimator, especially in models involving several dependent variables.     

某市地铁盾构接收地面塌陷事故案例分析

某市轨道6号线潘林区间盾构接收过程发生地表塌陷、盾构机下沉.通过分析事故原因,总结软土地区盾构接收时的经验与教训,盾构接收时应保持至少每天一次监测,严密监控盾构姿态,发现异常,及时上报,及时处理;软弱富水土层接收时,严防围护结构出现鼓包现象,故应严格控制土压,保持出渣平衡,及时调整盾构姿态;克泥效工法对软弱土层加固起到良好的作用,提前注入克泥效,可降低软土掘进过程的风险.     

Defining and measuring the development of a country over time: a proposal of a new index

This paper introduces the concept of harmonic growth as an extended acceptation of the notion of development, and discusses its measurement via the Harmonic Growth Index (HGI). The growth is seen as harmonic when the behaviour of a benchmark time series, which here is a measure of wealth, such as per capita GDP, is followed by a similar pattern in socio-economic series. Unlike most widely used indicators in the literature, which take into account the measurement of development over a single time, HGI measures the degree to which a social indicator’s time series pattern matches with the GDP’s. The index is a function, ranging in [0, 1], of the coefficients of the uniform B-splines fitted to each time series, according to the functional data framework. A case study on Mediterranean welfare countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain), in the period 1996–2007, shows critical differences in the selected indicators which can be ascribed to their dissimilar specific development models. HGI can be also considered as a general index to measure the similarity between time patterns, or as an alternative to correlation for (non-necessarily linear) time series.