我国注册会计师审计失败与独立性缺失分析——基于证监会处罚报告的思考

注册会计师的独立性缺失是造成审计失败的重要原因.本文通过对证监会网站www.csrc.gov.cn2002-2007年间所公布的处罚公告的查阅,分析了我国近年来上市公司审计市场中遭到有关监管部门处罚的审计失败案例;结合注册会计师行业内外环境状况,分析了注册会计师审计失败与审计独立性缺失的关系及其对审计结果带来的影响;并从审计聘用制度、审计收费制度、监管机构收费制度、上市公司审计岗位轮换以及民事赔偿制度等方面提出了相应对策.     

风险导向的审计准则是否提高了注册会计师的风险敏感性?

近年来,大量研究考察了新会计准则的实施效果,但鲜有研究考察新审计准则的作用.文章针对2006年财政部颁布的风险导向的审计准则体系,采用我国的上市公司年报审计数据,比较了这套新审计准则实施前后注册会计师风险敏感性的变化.研究发现:(1)在新审计准则实施后,对于同等的盈余管理风险,注册会计师出具非标准无保留审计意见的概率显著提高,并且这一结果主要存在于小规模会的计师事务所中;但对于同等的财务困境风险和公司治理风险,注册会计师出具非标准无保留审计意见的概率在这套准则实施前后没有发生显著变化.(2)风险导向审计准则的颁布实施在一定程度上提高了小规模会计师事务所的风险敏感性,这意味着相对于审计准则发挥作用所需具备的制度条件而言,审计准则本身可能也是重要的.文章对评价我国审计准则的政策效果和改善审计质量具有实践指导意义.     

从审计业界与公众视角看新审计准则的八重突破

新发布并且即将实施的48项中国注册会计师执业准则是我国审计准则体系建设中的突破性成果，将对审计实务工作产生全面、深刻的影响。作为研读新准则的一些体会。本文基于注册会计师行业以及作为审计服务对象的社会会众双方的视角。重点总结了新准则在拓宽注册会计师执业范围、良好的可扩容性、引入了重大错报风险导向审计模式、强化了注册会计师揭示会计舞弊的责任以及更注重维护公众利益等八个方面的突破。     

委托代理关系下审计质量控制研究

注册会计师审计选择高质量审计策略与审计成本、声誉收益、合谋收益存在正向相关关系,与监管惩罚、声誉回报存在负向相关关系;职业经理人选择诚信披露会计信息策略与合谋收益、虚假披露所得存在正向相关关系,与监管惩罚存在负向相关关系。通过妥善处理好审计成本与审计质量的关系,兼顾好眼前利益与长远利益,健立健全各项规章制度,设立专门的质量控制机构等措施,可以有效地提高注册会计师的审计质量。     

从新准则实施引发对财会人员素质的思考

2006年2月,历时三年的新会计准则终于破茧而出.这份39项企业会计准则48项注册会计审计准则的新规,已于2007年1月1日率先在上市公司中实施,包括中远集团、中石油、中石化、中国移动等在内的首批24家中央企业同时启用新准则,所有中央企业也将在2008年底前全面执行新准则标准,随后将逐步推广到所有企业.这标志着我国与国际惯例趋同的企业会计准则体系和注册会计师审计准则体系正式建立.     

论独立董事制度对独立审计的促进

在公司治理结构缺失与内部人控制的情形下,上市公司自己花钱委托注册会计师＂审计＂的财务报表便成为司空见惯的怪现状。失去了＂角色立场＂的委托者总是力图购买审计意见或与注册会计师合谋完成利益驱动过程,失去了＂真正的委托人＂的注册会计师被迫在收益与风险的夹缝中苦苦徘徊。认为独立董事制度的建立有助于注册会计师更好地进行独立审计。     

注册会计师真的关注审计风险了吗——基于审计定价视角的经验证据

利用沪深两市上市公司2007年的数据,检验了盈余管理、特定风险、公司治理以及上年度审计意见类型等反映或影响审计风险的因素与审计收费之间的关系,结果发现,风险因素对我国上市公司审计定价的解释力有限。这表明,由于法律和监管环境以及审计市场发育程度与国外有着较大差异,我国注册会计师在决定审计收费时,对于风险因素并不十分关注。它反映出,我国会计师事务所离现代风险导向审计的要求尚有不小的距离。     

关于注册会计师审计独立性的思考

随着我国市场经济发展的日益完善,注册会计师审计意见报告对上市公司的影响越来越重大.然而目前,却有多方因素影响着注册会计师,使得他们在执行审计时缺乏一定的独立性.应针对这些影响因素,切实提高注册会计师的独立性.     

我国上市公司2006年度财务报表审计意见分析

2006年上市公司年度财务报表审计意见是注册会计师执行与国际审计准则全面趋同的新审计准则后所发表的第一个年度的审计意见。本文基于中国注册会计师协会发布的2006年上市公司审计情况快报,在分析了2006年上市公司年度财务报表审计意见总体情况的基础上,从在交易所的分布、发布时间分布、具体内容、上市公司类型、发布者（即会计师事务所）等方面分析了非标审计意见,验证或发现了一些有意义的现象。本文还进一步分析了非标审计意见存在的问题、原因与对策。     

中国注册会计师执业准则的特点及其对实务的影响

本文对中国注册会计师执业准则进行了较全面的分析,认为新执业准则与现行的独立审计准则比较有八个方面的特点,并将对现实审计实践产生重大影响,可能执行时会困境重重。注册会计师和会计师事务所应正视这种情况,充分发挥新执业准则的作用。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.