基于创新绩效的杭州市出口优势产业转型升级研究

在对杭州市出口优势产业进行筛选及判定的基础上,采用经济学统计方法以及DEA-Tobit两阶段分析法对纺织服装业、装备制造业的创新投入和创新效率进行8个城市间的对比分析,发现杭州市纺织服装业无论是在创新投入还是在创新效率方面均存在相对不足,装备制造业的主要问题集中在创新投入相对不足上。针对杭州市出口优势产业存在的问题,分别从技术、营销和产业链整合等方面提出转型升级建议。     

Innovation and Exporting: Does Quality Matter?

We study the effect of innovation on a firm’s propensity to export, developing a simple model where heterogeneous firms operate in a monopolistically competitive market and set their prices as a markup above the marginal cost. The key proposition of our model is that firms that invest in better quality products are more likely to export. We test it using Italian firms’ data. Econometric results suggest that innovation, defined as quality upgrading, has a significant effect on the firms’ propensity to export; and, for those who are already exporting, innovation—defined as new products—has a significant effect on a firm’s turnover.     

Relationship-based product innovations: Evidence from the global supply chain

Global supply chains offer a range of expertise to suppliers interested in generating innovative new products through capitalizing on the closeness of their working relationships with other firms. However, current knowledge on whether and how relational capital between firms can be leveraged for innovation is equivocal, conceptualizing little of the underlying processes responsible for mobilizing relational capital, as well as yielding mostly contradictory empirical results. This study proposes and tests the intermediate mechanisms of proactive customer orientation and joint learning capability as two distinctive capabilities that may account for how relational capital drives relationship-based innovation. Our conceptual model posits that the relational capital–innovation link is neither simple nor direct. An empirical test on 204 Taiwanese suppliers demonstrates the complexity of the innovation generation process. Two pathways from relational capital to innovation are revealed: joint learning capability fully mediates the link, whereas the role of proactive customer orientation is moderated by aspects of the suppliers' ties to their international customers; our theory is thereby largely confirmed. Finally, implications for the theory and practice of innovation in global supply chain relationships are drawn.     

档案在农业科技创新岗位中实践初探——以湖北省农业科技创新中心为例

农业科技档案服务农业科技创新,是深化档案管理的必然。正在推进中的湖北省农业科技创新中心项目,就是充分地开发现有档案的资源,加速档案应用机制服务于科技创新的实践,且建立独具区域特色创新岗位体系的一次尝试。     

Product Differentiation and Process R&D: The Trade-off Between Quality and Productivity in the Spanish Firm

This paper proposes a theoretical model in which the incentives that product differentiation exercises on process innovation are established. The resulting quadratic relationship determines a point beyond which a trade-off between these two variables exists. The estimations based on a panel data of Spanish manufacturing firms confirm this result. Moreover, firm size seems to play a important role on process innovation only for those firms with a certain degree of product differentiation. For the rest, the degree of differentiation of rival firms is the relevant variable.     

Role of opportunity creation between reconfiguration and innovation: Insights from emerging market international new ventures

There exists a need to further examine capabilities that enable emerging market international new ventures (INVs) to create innovation offerings that drive performance. Although conceptual studies highlight the importance of reconfiguration capability towards innovation and performance, such relationships in the emerging market INV context require further empirical analysis. Moreover, there is a conflict in the literature as to whether reconfiguration capability supports innovation and performance directly or indirectly. As the pursuit of opportunities beyond domestic borders is central to INV research, opportunity creation is a key inquiry to advance our understanding of how reconfiguration capability facilitates innovation and performance in the emerging market INV context. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory and creation theory, we empirically examine the interplay between reconfiguration capability, opportunity creation, innovation, and international performance. In addition, we study opportunity creation as a mediator between reconfiguration capability towards innovation and performance, respectively. The findings reveal reconfiguration capability does not directly support innovation but does shape innovation through opportunity creation. Reconfiguration capability directly supports performance objectives of emerging market INVs, and indirectly through opportunity creation.     

技术创新、产业链与社会福利

文章运用一个上下游模型,其中两个成本不同的下游企业从同一个上游企业那里购买原材料,并在产品市场上进行产量竞争,低效率的企业从事降低成本的研发活动,研究表明：生产效率低的企业支付的中间品价格较低;更为重要的是,如果原来两企业的效率差距较小,技术创新会提高社会福利;但是,如果原来两企业的效率差距很大,技术创新则会损害社会福利。文章旨在分析技术创新的福利影响,为政府制定研发政策提供一定的参考。     

Innovation sourcing excellence: Three purchasing capabilities for success

Innovation sourcing has become more critical across many industries. As global value chains have become more fragmented, change and opportunity comes from all sides. As a result, companies need to excel at capturing innovation opportunities with existing and potential supply chain members. This article describes a simple framework with three essential innovation sourcing capabilities needed to excel in purchasing: (1) Purchasing needs to explore unmet needs and anticipate future competitive advantages by working closely with other functions and clients; (2) it needs to explore external opportunities beyond first-tier suppliers; and (3) it needs to involve suppliers in innovation projects that consistently deliver results over time. Our framework has been developed based on a combined qualitative and quantitative research methodology that takes into account practices and results at the purchasing and company levels. The framework will help C-level managers and purchasing teams benchmark their progress in innovation sourcing and understand what steps need to be taken to achieve excellence.     

Non-traded inputs,interindustry flows,resource allocation and the ERP theory

This paper investigates the movement of gross outputs and resource allocation under the condition allowing for substitutability among various inputs within the framework of a simple general equilibrium model with both non-traded intermediate inputs and interindustry flows. Particular attention is paid to the sufficient conditions under which the gross output of the protected industry goes up and the industry attracts domestic factors under the Bhagwati-Srinivasan restriction on tariff change.     

Strategies towards innovative services: findings from the German service landscape

The specifics of services seem to prohibit a simple transfer of innovation strategies from the manufacturing to the service sector. To better understand what works, successful strategic service innovators and their strategic approaches have been the focus of this study. To do so, 80 service innovators in Germany have been monitored over a period of one year. By analyzing them, according to the basic strategies they follow (low cost, differentiation or mixed emphasis) and the dominant design of their service delivery system (information technology-based, people-based or mixed approach), this paper provides an understanding of the strategic approaches followed by successful service innovators. Our findings propose that there is a fit between the complexity of service offerings and variety of the interaction approaches by successful service innovators. In sum, we argue that for an appropriate design of service innovation strategy both managers and researchers need to go beyond the traditional distinction of low cost and differentiation strategy.     

International network management for the purpose of host market expansion: The mediating effect of co-innovation in the networks of SMEs

Research shows that innovation facilitates internationalization and that the customer network is an important source of technical and market knowledge. Yet, little is known about how co-innovation within a business relationship with a key international customer relates to international network management and international growth beyond the focal business relationship. The paper contributes to international entrepreneurship research by investigating (1) international business relationship learning mechanisms that reinforce co-innovation within a dyadic business relationship with a key customer (2) and the link between co-innovation outcome in the business relationship and international network management for purposes of foreign market expansion beyond the dyadic business relationship. Three hypotheses were developed and tested on a sample of 188 internationalizing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using linear structural relations (LISREL) structural equation modeling. The analysis shows that an SME’s (i) awareness of a customer’s complementary knowledge and (ii) innovation-oriented customer relationships leads to increased co-innovation within a dyadic business relationship with a key customer. Moreover, successful co-innovation with a key customer increases the likelihood that the focal SME will attempt at international network management by drawing on the key customer as a bridge to new customers and suppliers on the foreign host market. The findings provide a link between innovation within a dyadic business relationship and international network management for the purpose of foreign market expansion into the wider network on the host market. The findings hence contribute to our understanding of the mediating role of co-innovation in the internationalization process of SMEs.     

The Role of Schedule Mismatch in Ending Inventory Decisions in the Presence of Price Cuts

In the high‐tech sector, component suppliers are often able to offer preannounced price cuts (price markdowns) to manufacturers due to technological innovation that allows them to produce the existing components at lower costs. In this context, manufacturers (buyers) are primarily concerned with their existing inventory carried beyond the price cuts in order to lower inventory costs. In this research, we develop a newsvendor‐based decision model for this problem based on our experience in industry and a focal case study environment. Specifically, we consider the issue of delivery and demand uncertainties, and the interplay of the buying firm's operating hours and the transportation carrier's delivery hours, which combine to influence inventory costs and order fulfillment. We illustrate the results with numerical examples and sensitivity analyses, using a real world data set. We found that stockout cost plays a critical role in the ending inventory decisions. Lowering stockout cost will benefit buyers from lower risk of obsolescence costs.     

How innovative are spin-offs at later stages of development? Comparing innovativeness of established research spin-offs and otherwise created firms

The literature argues that research spin-offs (RSOs)—enterprises originating from a university or research institute—appear to have higher innovative potential and capabilities than other start-ups, at least in the early stages of their development. Yet, little is known about the innovative performance of these companies at later development phases. Thus, the main goal of this study is to investigate whether there are any differences in research and development (R&D) and innovation behavior between established and/or mature RSOs and otherwise created firms and, if so, to what extent they are driven by networking and cooperation activities as suggested by some scholars. To this end, we employ probit regression analysis and a matching approach using survey data on more than 6,000 East German firms, among which are 179 RSOs. Our first findings suggest that established RSOs engage in R&D and innovation activities more frequently than companies whose genesis was of another type. Nevertheless, the results obtained when accounting for collaboration measures show that the precedence of RSOs in further development stages over otherwise created firms in terms of innovation outputs is related to their higher intensity of cooperation activity and close, face-to-face interactions with universities, and not to type of firm creation. Moreover, our findings reveal that cooperating in various fields may be of different importance for specific inputs and outputs of the innovation activity. Finally, based on our results, we draw some implications for both practicing managers and public policymakers.     

Communicating Competency in References: A Qualitative Analysis of the Utilization of References in Mechanical Engineering

ABSTRACT

Purpose: In order to explore the multiplicative interaction between clustering and reach, as well as their effect on members’ knowledge production and patent value, the authors researched university–industry collaboration networks in the emerging interdisciplinary field at a corporate level.

Methodology: The authors based their research on a platform of nano-biopharmaceuticals complex network analysis. Furthermore, they built a network to analyze the influence of small-world properties, as well as the impact of the largest component on the patent value of innovation activities at a corporate level. In this article, the authors conduct an empirical investigation of university–industry patent innovation collaboration in the nano-biopharmaceutical field and propose that their research be considered as new evidence in addition to the previously published literature in this field. Given the pre-existing high skew of patent values in relation to registered patents, they used weighted patent value in the measurement of university–industry innovation performance, rather than simple patent counts.

Results: The results show that small-world structures have a parabolical influence on patent innovation performance at corporate level.

Findings: The findings go beyond previous research results and can contribute to policy formulation and relevant entrepreneurial decisions in the establishment of university–industry collaboration.     

基于循环创新链的物流企业集群服务创新体系研究

文章通过对物流企业集群服务创新的分析,基于循环创新链模式,提出了一种集群内组织边界开放、组织相互协作的服务创新链,分析了服务创新链的结构、节点模型和能力势差,构建了以服务创新链为基础的物流企业集群服务创新体系,并给出了天津滨海新区国际物流中心的实例分析,期望为天津以至我国物流企业集群服务创新体系的建设提供一定的决策支持。     

Market Orientation, Innovativeness, Product Innovation, and Performance in Small Firms

Most research on market orientation, innovation and performance is related to big enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In this study a model is developed to investigate the combined effect of market orientation and innovativeness on product innovation and company performance, for small firms. A specific feature of our research is that we use an objective measure for product innovation in contrast to the self-reported measures commonly used in research on innovation. To test our model data from 152 rose growers were used. This study's results show that the owner's innovativeness permeates all variables in the model and has a positive influence on market orientation, innovation, and performance. An interesting research result is also that customer market intelligence influences product innovation positively or negatively, depending on whether the innovativeness of the owner in the new product domain is weak or strong.     

基于低碳经济的区域发展模式探讨

在低碳经济条件下,区域经济发展支撑要素已由传统的经济要素,向碳排放权、交易权等生态环境要素、区域公平与发展共享等民生、民权要素转变;区际关系由传统的基于产业链分工合作的垂直式关系,转向基于创新合作的水平式关系;区域发展由资源能源等要素投入主导向创新主导转变。区域低碳发展路径具有多样性,包括全球行动,经济发展方式转变,地域系统优化,区域治理模式创新等方面。     

Modeling word of mouth vs. media influence on videogame preorder decisions: A qualitative approach

In order to explore the motives that drive the players to decide for preordering a videogame innovation, we opted for qualitative methods. The motives cited were pooled and scrutinized to develop categories, classifying emerging themes into intrinsic and extrinsic level factors. The most salient finding of the extrinsic side of our model revealed that the importance of the sources of information for players varies depending on the type of the innovation. For continuous innovations, consumer attributed more importance to mass media and marketer-originated information. For discontinuous innovations, consumers attributed more importance to interpersonal sources, which included friends and online reviews. We expect that the identified issues and proposed model may guide for future research in the preordering phenomenon.     

Self-employment: the role of intellectual property right laws

Little is known about the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on typically imitative self-employment. IPR laws have contrasting dual innovation creation and access effects on self-employment activity. The first effect is positive where strong IPR laws promote innovation and so create new opportunities for self-employment. The second effect is negative where strong IPR laws restrict access to innovation and technology used as inputs to self-employed businesses. Using a 33-country dataset over the period 1995?C2000, we estimate the impact of IPR laws on self-employment, helping to fill the vacuum of empirical evidence that has plagued policy decision making in this area. We find that patent activity has a negative effect on self-employment. However, overall, we find that more extensive and strong IPR laws have a net positive effect on self-employment activity.