政府之‘‘为’’与‘‘不为’’的排序

党的十八届三中全会明确指出：“经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点,核心问题是处理好政府与市场的关系,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好地发挥政府作用。市场决定资源配置是市场经济的一般规律。     

‘虎气’与‘猴气’相结合

‘虎气’与‘猴气’相结合吴冰冰（长沙市西区个协）区个协基层干部的立足点是基层分会，面向个体工商户开展工作。归结起来，一是协助工商行政管理部门年检验照，进行监督管理。二是扶持和发展本地区的个体私营经济。三是积极向政府反映个体工商户的疑难问题和热点问题，...     

Collaboration ‘Engineerability’

Collaboration Engineering is an approach to create sustained collaboration support by designing collaborative work practices for high-value recurring tasks, and transferring those designs to practitioners to execute for themselves without ongoing support from collaboration professionals. A key assumption in this approach is that we can predictably design collaboration processes. In this paper we explore this assumption to understand whether collaboration can, in fact, be designed, and elaborate on the role of thinkLets in the engineering of collaborative work practices. ThinkLets are design patterns for collaborative interactions.     

Human capital signals and entrepreneurs’ success in equity crowdfunding

Grounding on research about the role of signals in the attraction of equity finance, this paper studies the effects of diverse human capital signals on entrepreneurs’ success in equity crowdfunding. We argue that the human capital of an entrepreneur, who launches (alone or with other teammates) an equity crowdfunding campaign to finance her start-up, constitutes a set of signals of the start-up quality. The impact of each human capital signal on entrepreneur’s success in equity crowdfunding depends on both signal fit with start-up quality and signal ambiguity. Empirical estimates on 284 entrepreneurs who launched equity crowdfunding campaigns indicate that only entrepreneurs’ business education and entrepreneurial experience, two human capital signals that have both a good fit with start-up quality and a low degree of ambiguity, significantly contribute to entrepreneurs’ success in equity crowdfunding.     

莫要搞‘劫富济贫’

<正> 某市一家企业1992年创利税100多万元,颇有“富名”,前不久却被执法机关封了银行帐号。究其原因,既不是经营不善,也不是产品难销,而是当地行政部门“劫富济贫”所致。原来,该厂1993年在行政干预下,先后为两家穷企业担保借贷。由于那两家企业经营无方,因而受“连坐”之累成了被告,好端端的一个企业就这样被搞垮了。据查,目前类似这种现象较为普遍,应当引起各级领导的高度重视。 “劫富济贫”违背了市场经济的客观规律。市场经济的基本规律之一是优胜劣汰,适者生存。凡是产品结构合理,经营机制灵活,管理方法先进企业,就生存,就发展,就不断壮大;凡是不能适应市场经济发展要求的企业,就会逐步萎缩,最终被淘汰。按照这一规律,对待企业的科学态度应当是“扶优限劣”,而不是“劫富济贫”。 “劫富济贫”,侵犯了“富”企业的自主权。《中华人民共和国     

Thoughts on ‘management-think’

In this paper I briefly summarize Pastin's views on the problem of good business thinking (GBT) and the solution (Perspectival Analysis) which he offers. In discussing Pastin's solution I offer a number criticisms which call for further elucidation on Pastin's part. Specifically, I challenge his vagueness on which perspectives a manager must consider, the manner in which the moral components of these perspectives are to be evaluated, and whether Pastin is not in the end committed simply to an economic account of GBT. Finally, I contend that Pastin's account of GBT errors in being too intellectualistic and too individualistic. George G. Brenkert is Associate Professor at the University of Tennessee. His most important publications are Privacy, Polygraphs, and Work in Business and Professional Ethics Journal 1, No. 1 1981; Strict Products Liability and Compensatory Justice, in Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality, edited by W. Michael Hoffman and Jennifer Mills Moore (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984); and Marx's Ethics of Freedom (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983).     

The ‘amelioration’ of child labor, ‘a modest proposal’

More than 317 million children between the age of 5 and 17 are working in the world. Child labor is a persistent phenomenon, even though its incidence has subsided with economic development. In this paper, we conduct a panel study of 101 countries from 1980 to 2004 where child labor is proxied by the labor force participation of children aged 10–14. We look at the relationships between child labor and investments in human capital, foreign direct investments, countries’ openness to trade, and credit market constraints. We depart from the contributions of cross-country studies by employing a fixed effects instrumental variable (FE-IV) panel data model by employing a fixed effects instrumental variable (FE-IV) panel data model to account for unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity of child labor and individual country-specific effects. We find support for the conclusions of the above-mentioned studies: countries that trade more and have a higher stock of foreign direct investment have less child labor. More generally, we find that trade openness, investments in human capital, and financial development are associated with a reduction of child labor. Child labor persists but tailored policies on trade, investment, and financial reform can lessen child labor along with economic growth, improvements in health, and rising standards of living.     

‘工程’的变种

忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。如今,华夏大地正涌动着一股工程潮,诸如安居工程、再就业工程、希望工程、温饱工程、绿色食品工程、金桥工程、金卡工程、金关工程、“133”廉政立法工程……这一     

扩充心灵的‘兼容性’

家里的电脑坏了。维修人员说,屏幕还能用,主机要换一下。我问,那音箱呢?人家说,音箱也换新的吧。想想也是,用了8年的电脑,音箱的音质很差了,也淘汰算了。于是,我们一起去电脑商城,配置了新主机,主机箱也顺便换成新式的。音箱换成了低音炮,音质非常好。鼠标、键盘也都换了,整     

消费‘♂’次元

<正> 俗语有云:爱美之心,人皆有之。在女性消费占主流的今天,男人们也悄悄爱美起来。在美国,男性消费品年销售额高达23亿美元,全球男士化妆品销售总额已达51.64亿美元;而在中国这个比例也是逐年攀升,北京、上海、广州、深圳、武汉、重庆等七大城市男性消费化妆品的平均值已经由1998年的15.4%上升为2006年的27.8%。根据新生代监测机构的调查数据显示,2007年1月至10月,男性服装消费增长率已超过了20%。以北京为例,销量前两位的男性服装品牌在前十名品牌的总销量中的占比已经达到了60%。在时尚杂志《GQ》进行的一项调查中,有84%的男士表示,他们身     

Revised CSI and Australian consumers: incorporating ‘innovation’ and ‘automobile purchases’

The first objective of this study was to identify Australian consumers' decision-making styles for automobile purchases. Second, adding an innovation consciousness scale to the original consumer styles inventory (CSI) to assess Australian consumers' car purchase behaviour. Based on a sample of 214 respondents from Australian automobile consumers, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on Sproles and Kendall's (1986) CSI adapted for automobile purchases. As such, the validity of the CSI in the context of high-involvement purchases was tested. The results found that only two factors, ‘brand’ and ‘habitual consciousness’, of the original model were retained and other factors such as ‘investigation process’, ‘information search’, ‘value within budget’ and ‘innovation consciousness’ factors were confirmed for automobile purchase decision-making styles. ‘Innovation consciousness’ was proven to be one of the most reliable and valuable scales for automobile purchase decision-making styles in relation to Australian consumers. The paper also discusses suitable marketing strategies for automobile consumers in Australia. The current research should prove valuable not only to academic researchers but also to automobile companies/managers. The findings will also provide insight into how automobile companies could position themselves with respect to their marketing strategies in Australia.     

跨世纪‘骏马’呼唤跨世纪‘伯乐’——浅议年轻干部成长环境的营造

革命是解放生产力,改革是解放生产力,选贤任能也是解放生产力。中共中央反复强调,要把培养和选拔跨世纪年轻干部放到战略位置,各级领导对此已有较高认识,并为年轻干部脱颖而出、茁壮成长创造了新的机遇和成     

How did the notional interest deduction affect Belgian SMEs’ capital structure?

The recently introduced risk capital allowance in Belgium, which allows a notional interest deduction (to be denoted NID hereafter) on a firm’s adjusted equity for tax purposes, has mitigated the tax discrepancy between equity and debt financing. To our knowledge, we provide the first empirical study of the extent to which this regulation has resulted in a strengthening of small and medium sized enterprises’ (to be denoted SMEs hereafter) solvency, which was one of its most prominent objectives. Results from logit regressions reveal that the probability of adopting the NID is higher for lowly leveraged SMEs, SMEs without experience with the tax-exempt investment reserve and SMEs with a sound knowledge of the notional interest deduction regulation. Results on the impact of the NID on the capital structure of SMEs based on panel and first differences regressions reveal that this measure did not result in a significant change of SMEs’ leverage. In view of the discussion regarding the optimal tax and legislative framework that governments should put in place (Poutziouris et al., J Small Bus Enterp Dev 6(1):7–25, 1999), these results cast doubt on the risk capital allowance, as it stands now, being the right government instrument to contribute—at least in the short term—to creating a pro-enterprising tax and legislative climate for SMEs. We conclude by providing some general suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the risk capital allowance.     

The impact of firm and industry characteristics on small firms’ capital structure

We study the impact of firm and industry characteristics on small firms’ capital structure, employing a proprietary database containing financial statements of Dutch small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 2003 to 2005. The firm characteristics suggest that the capital structure decision is consistent with the pecking-order theory: Dutch SMEs use profits to reduce their debt level, and growing firms increase their debt position since they need more funds. We further document that profits reduce in particular short-term debt, whereas growth increases long-term debt. We also find that inter- and intra-industry effects are important in explaining small firms’ capital structure. Industries exhibit different average debt levels, which is in line with the trade-off theory. Furthermore, there is substantial intra-industry heterogeneity, showing that the degree of industry competition, the degree of agency conflicts, and the heterogeneity in employed technology are also important drivers of capital structure.     

Founders’ human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms

This paper investigates the role of entrepreneurs?? general and specific human capital on the performance of UK new technology based firms using a resource based approach to the entrepreneurship theory. The effect of entrepreneurial human capital on the performance of NTBFs is investigated using data derived from a survey of 412 firms operating in both high-tech manufacturing and the services sectors. According to the resource based theory it is found that specific human capital is more important for the performance of NTBFs in relation to general. More specifically individual entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial teams with high levels of formal business education, commercial, managerial or same sector experience are found to have created better performing NTBFs. Finally it is found that the performance of a NTBF can improve through the combination of heterogeneous but complementary skills, including, for example, technical education and commercial experience or managerial technical and managerial commercial experience.     

读‘历史学是什么’有感

本文通过带着历史学是什么的疑问，在联系对当代青年学习历史的困惑以及他们选择未来的方向上，来探讨现今历史学的研究方向变化以及其该何去何从的问题。     

R&D investment of start-up firms: does founders’ human capital matter?

This article examines whether founders’ human capital affects not only actual investment but also required investment in research and development (R&D), using the original data of Japanese start-up firms. The estimation results indicate that higher levels of founders’ human capital, especially their education levels, increase both actual and required investment in R&D and thus do not necessarily contribute to reducing the funding gap for R&D.     

节本增效 推广‘两新’

安徽省灵璧县是一个农业大县,全县耕地面积181万亩,人口102万,农业人口96万。拥有大中小型拖拉机22870台,农机总动力33.22万千瓦。农机化事业如雨后春笋,蓬勃兴起。特别是近几年来,通过大力推广农机新技术、新机具,农业的科技含量加大,节本增效     

Deposit interest levy‘no help’

AtaxonsavingsdepositinterestwouldnothelppersuadepeopletoincreaseTheproposaltoimposeataxondepositinteresttostimulateconsumptionis"ridiculous,"saidLiuZuo,deputydirectoroftheTaxationScienceinstituteoftheStateAdministrationofTaxation.Moreovel.suchataxwou...