寡头垄断企业的非线性定价行为

本文主要分析非线性定价下寡头垄断行业的消费者行为和市场均衡.分析认为当两家企业的固定费用与边际价格的差异不一致时,高类型的消费者偏好高固定费用、低边际价格的产品,而低类型的消费者的偏好则相反,并且存在某个类型的消费者对两企业的产品感觉无差异,从而市场被分割成两部分.两企业只能通过降低边际价格和固定费用的方式,使市场分割点朝自己有利的方向变动.     

汇率波动对国内物价的影响——文献综述

文章从理论和实证两方面,对汇率波动对国内物价的影响进行了文献综述。早期的理论以弹性价格为假设,认为汇率波动引起进出口价格同比例的变动,提出了汇率波动对国内价格影响的"完全传递论";另一个极端则以名义价格刚性为假设,认为汇率波动对国内物价不会产生影响,进而提出了"无效论";而更多的研究以粘性价格为假设,认为汇率波动对国内物价有影响,但由于存在价格的粘性,这种影响因国家的开放度、企业的定价策略而异,存在非完全传递性,从而提出"非完全传递论"。     

多国企业集团转移定价研究

本文分析了多国企业集团在垄断中间产品市场,同时最终产品市场上存在Cournot竞争对手状态下的最优转移定价策略。利用动态博弈的均衡求解方法,研究了差别定价和统一定价两种方式的最优内部转移价格。研究结果表明,最优的内部转移价格根据两国税率与进口关税之间关系的不同而有所差异,但是任何条件下企业集团采用差别定价法总是优于统一定价法。     

制度差异对A、H股定价的影响

内地和香港在股票卖空制度、汇率制度以及新股发行制度等方面存在重大差异。本文研究这些重大制度差异对A、H股二级市场定价差异的影响,发现A股禁止卖空使A股相对H股更容易被高估;中国外汇储备增长越快、人民币升值压力越大,H股折价就越轻。A股在一级市场越被高估,就会在二级市场被进一步高估,间接反映出新股发行制度差异对A、H股二级市场定价差异的影响。除这些制度差异外,需求价格弹性差异、资金成本差异以及信息不对称也是影响A、H股二级市场定价差异的显著因素。     

强自然垄断定价理论研究述评

强自然垄断本身所固有的经济特性使其定价问题陷入困境。如何同时兼顾社会福利与企业盈利,为强自然垄断产品制定出一个合理的价格便成为世界各国学者和政府广泛关注的问题。文章对强自然垄断产业的定价理论及其模式进行了系统的梳理和分析,指出各种定价模式的内涵、优势及不足,以便为我国政府对强自然垄断产业的价格规制提供参考。     

市场超垄断特性与房地产企业经营绩效——基于中国省——基于中国省(市)面板数据的分析

本文提出并论证了中国房地产市场具有超垄断特性的理论假说,在此基础上研究了房地产市场超垄断特性等因素对中国房地产企业经营绩效的影响。基于中国省(市)2005-2012年房地产业面板数据的实证研究发现:(1)中国房地产市场具有超垄断特性,房产品既是缺乏需求价格弹性的必需品,又是富有需求收入弹性的奢侈品;(2)虽然中国房地产市场具有超垄断特性,但房产品价格和居民人均收入的提高,不会提高房地产企业总资产收益率,市场对房产品过度投资或者投机引起的房地产企业生产和管理成本的上升可能构成抵消企业因上述因素而获益的影响因素。     

我国出口企业依市定价能力研究——基于典型行业层面的数据

从2005年7月人民币汇率制度改革以来,我国12类主要出口产品表现出较大差异的依市定价的能力。从汇率传递与加工贸易角度分析,加工特征不明显的劳动密集型产品表现出很弱的依市定价能力,而加工特征明显的资本技术密集型产品依市定价能力相对较强。因此,我国企业在人民币升值趋势的背景下,应在巩固已有的国际市场需求和份额的同时,通过产业升级和结构调整,提高出口企业依市定价能力,进一步提升企业的竞争力。     

展览产品定价模型及价格影响因素研究——基于双边市场理论视角

本文借鉴近年来兴起的双边市场理论对展览产品的定价模型及影响因素进行了理论研究。本文指出，展览市场是典型的双边市场，具有明显的网络外部性。本文通过建立垄断和竞争两种模型研究了展览产品的定价，并指出参展商和观众的需求价格弹性、一方消费者给另一方消费者带来的网络外部性、展览市场的竞争以及产品差异化都是影响展览产品定价的主要因素。     

制造业可持续发展的微观经济分析——基于价格机制与制度结构的视角

本文通过引入沉淀成本分析制造业可持续发展的微观经济基础, 反思自由放任市场价格机制的局限性, 为制造业可持续发展提供相应的制度结构. 由于制造业的物质资本和人力资本密集, 沉淀成本不可逆特征十分明显, 因而在市场竞争中会因边际成本定价而遭受亏损或破产, 很容易造成理性投资悖论, 从而引发制造业危机. 因此, 要想实现制造业可持续发展, 关键在于有效地避免边际成本定价, 采取非线性定价机制, 加大企业重组等非市场制度结构以追求沉淀成本最小化. 同时, 加强因信息不对称和机会主义而出现的垄断行为方面的政府管制,对于加快中国制造业转型升级具有重大的理论意义与现实意义.     

基于产品差异化的乘用车产品定价策略研究

我国乘用车市场的产品之间存在三种产品差异,即垂直差异、水平差异和信息差异。垂直差异存在于不同细分市场的产品之间,水平差异存在于同一细分市场的产品之间,而信息差异使得所有产品分为领导产品和跟随产品两大类型。这三种差异的存在使得企业只有根据自身产品的情况合理地制定价格才能实现利润最大化。如果企业的产品是跟随产品,则它应该以同细分市场的领导产品为标杆制定价格。如果企业的产品是领导产品,则它应该与相关细分市场的领导产品保持合理价差。上海大众汽车公司自2001年以来的主要产品的定价行为及效果,验证了该分析框架在现实中的有效性。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.