企业技术合作、知识基础与技术创新绩效关系研究

通过分析56家代表性企业的专利数据发现,在中国电子信息这个高新技术行业,企业间技术合作对其创新绩效存在显著促进作用,技术合作强度每增加一个单位,企业研发产出增加1.01%。此外,这种正向关系受到企业知识基础结构特征的调节。知识基础广度与一致性对技术合作强度与企业技术创新绩效之间的正向关系具有显著的负向调节效应,而企业知识基础深度则对两者关系具有显著的正向调节作用。     

跨界双元搜索对双元创新绩效的影响——知识合作链与战略柔性整合视角

跨界搜索能够完善企业知识储备，驱动企业创新发展。基于开放式创新理论、知识管理理论及动态能力理论，将知识合作链与战略柔性纳入跨界合作研究框架，构建并实证检验一个被调节的中介效应模型。结果表明：技术知识搜索对突破式创新绩效具有显著正向影响，市场知识搜索对渐进式创新绩效具有显著正向影响；企业跨界双元搜索显著正向影响知识合作链；知识融合、知识转化在跨界双元搜索与双元创新绩效之间具有显著链式中介作用；战略柔性正向调节双元搜索与知识合作链之间的关系。结论揭示了跨界双元搜索对双元创新绩效的作用机理，能够为企业突破跨界合作困境，促进知识交流，提高创新绩效提供理论指导。     

知己彼，方谋合：创新绩效反馈对企业研发合作的影响

绩效反馈在企业行为决策中发挥重要作用。基于2010—2020年中国A股计算机、通信和其它电子设备制造业上市公司样本数据,探讨创新绩效反馈(以创新结果测度的细化绩效反馈)对企业研发合作的影响,以及企业研发强度对两者关系的调节作用,进一步比较上述影响在不同性质企业(国有企业与非国有企业、家族企业与非家族企业)中的异同。结果发现：历史、行业创新绩效期望落差对企业研发合作具有负向影响,历史、行业创新绩效期望顺差对企业研发合作具有正向影响。企业研发强度正向调节历史、行业创新绩效期望落差与企业研发合作间的负相关关系,正向调节历史、行业创新绩效期望顺差与企业研发合作间的正相关关系。在拓展性分析中,与非国有企业相比,国有企业创新绩效期望顺差对研发合作的正向影响更显著,其落差的负向影响也更显著。与非家族企业相比,家族企业创新绩效期望顺差对研发合作广度的正向影响更显著,对研发合作深度的影响较小;家族企业创新绩效期望落差对研发合作广度的负向影响更显著,对研发合作深度的负向影响较小。结论具有明确的企业创新活动指向性,有利于丰富企业研发合作决策情景。     

元素—架构双元知识搜寻对企业创新绩效的影响：创新战略的调节作用

基于组织搜寻理论和战略协同理论,探讨元素—架构双元知识搜寻对企业创新绩效的影响,以及创新战略在二者关系间的调节作用。结果显示：元素知识搜寻对创新绩效具有倒U型影响,架构知识搜寻对创新绩效具有线性正向影响,双元知识搜寻平衡对创新绩效具有正向影响。知识搜寻策略与创新战略存在适配性：探索式创新正向调节元素知识搜寻与创新绩效间的关系,对架构知识搜寻与创新绩效关系的调节应用不显著;利用式创新正向调节架构知识搜寻与创新绩效间的关系,对元素知识搜寻与创新绩效关系的调节效应不显著。结论拓展了外部知识搜寻研究视角,可为企业合理选择知识搜寻策略和创新战略提供理论支持。     

知识转移视角下产学研合作与创新绩效关系研究

基于知识转移视角,将企业技术创新能力划分为技术吸收能力和技术开发能力两个维度,以浙江四地194家企业为调研对象,实证研究了产学研合作、企业技术创新能力对创新绩效的影响机制。结果表明：产学研合作中的交互紧密度、关系稳定性和政策利用度对企业技术吸收能力具有显著的正向影响,合作稠密度对企业技术吸收能力具有显著的负向影响;交互紧密度、关系稳定性对企业技术吸收能力具有显著的正向影响;企业技术创新能力在产学研合作和创新绩效之间具有完全中介效应,企业技术吸收能力和技术开发能力在产学研合作与创新绩效之间具有部分中介效应。     

知识流动视角下协同创新联盟双元粘性对创新绩效的影响——一个有中介的调节模型

基于协同创新网络理论和知识管理理论,从知识流动视角深入剖析协同创新联盟双元粘性对创新绩效的影响,引入知识隐藏和知识吸收能力两个调节变量,构建“联盟双元粘性-知识流动-创新绩效”理论模型框架。通过对166家协同创新联盟企业样本数据进行分层回归分析,结果表明：硬技术粘性与软技术粘性对联盟企业创新绩效均产生正向影响,知识扩散和知识溢出在联盟粘性与创新绩效之间具有部分中介作用,知识隐藏与知识吸收能力的调节作用部分通过知识流动的中介效应实现,知识隐藏直接或间接正向调节双元联盟粘性与创新绩效之间的关系,知识吸收能力在知识扩散与创新绩效之间具有倒U型调节作用。基于上述结论,提出联盟企业应正确认识不同类型联盟粘性对创新绩效的影响,重视基于知识合理化隐藏的非正式契约构建,联盟合作后期适当增加网络节点、拓宽知识获取渠道,通过知识有序流动促使联盟稳定合作关系形成,从而带动创新绩效提升。     

虚拟组织网络规模、网络结构对合作创新绩效的作用机制——知识资源获取的中介效应

基于开放式创新视角,以231家企业作为样本,实证检验虚拟组织网络规模、网络结构通过知识资源获取路径对合作创新绩效的作用机理。结果表明,网络规模对显性知识资源获取、合作创新绩效有显著正向影响;网络中心性对显性知识资源获取、隐性知识资源获取与合作创新绩效有显著正向影响;网络规模对隐性知识资源获取的影响不显著;显性知识资源获取在网络规模与合作创新绩效关系中发挥完全中介效应;隐性知识资源获取在网络中心性与合作创新绩效关系中发挥完全中介效应。结论可为丰富和完善虚拟组织持续创新理论及创新绩效理论奠定重要基础,具有实践应用价值。     

知识流动视角下协同创新联盟双元粘性对创新绩效的影响——一个有中介的调节模型

基于协同创新网络理论和知识管理理论，从知识流动视角深入剖析协同创新联盟双元粘性对创新绩效的影响，引入知识隐藏和知识吸收能力两个调节变量，构建“联盟双元粘性-知识流动-创新绩效”理论模型框架。通过对166家协同创新联盟企业样本数据进行分层回归分析，结果表明：硬技术粘性与软技术粘性对联盟企业创新绩效均产生正向影响，知识扩散和知识溢出在联盟粘性与创新绩效之间具有部分中介作用，知识隐藏与知识吸收能力的调节作用部分通过知识流动的中介效应实现，知识隐藏直接或间接正向调节双元联盟粘性与创新绩效之间的关系，知识吸收能力在知识扩散与创新绩效之间具有倒U型调节作用。基于上述结论，提出联盟企业应正确认识不同类型联盟粘性对创新绩效的影响，重视基于知识合理化隐藏的非正式契约构建，联盟合作后期适当增加网络节点、拓宽知识获取渠道，通过知识有序流动促使联盟稳定合作关系形成，从而带动创新绩效提升。     

专利战略情境下企业技术知识基础多元度对创新绩效的影响效应

在当今竞争格局中,专利是技术创新的重要载体,专利战略必然成为企业参与全球竞争的重要手段。通过建立专利战略情境、技术知识基础多元度及知识整合能力对创新绩效的影响效应模型,采用负二项回归法进行实证检验。研究结果显示：企业技术知识基础多元度通过知识整合能力影响创新绩效,而专利申请动机在上述过程中存在显著调节作用。具体为：(1)国际市场开拓、谈判筹码以及声誉动机均负向调节技术知识基础相关多元度与创新绩效关系;(2)阻挡动机、国际市场开拓、谈判筹码以及声誉动机对企业技术知识基础非相关多元度与技术创新绩效关系具有显著负向调节作用;(3)阻挡动机强化了企业技术知识基础相关多元度与技术创新绩效之间的正向关系。     

技术联盟企业间联合行动对企业创新绩效的影响

基于社会认同理论类化-认同-比较分析框架，将技术联盟中的企业联合行动、关系认同和知识多样性引入企业创新绩效反应机制，构建联合行动、关系认同和知识多样性三因素交互调节模型，探讨企业创新绩效生成机制。运用428份水环境治理企业调研数据进行实证分析，结果表明：联合行动正向影响企业创新绩效；关系认同正向调节联合行动对企业创新绩效的影响；企业间知识多样性正向调节关系认同在联合行动共同问题解决与企业创新绩效间的调节效应，即在企业间高知识多样性下，提高关系认同可以强化共同问题解决与企业创新绩效之间的关系；而企业间知识多样性对关系认同在联合行动共同认知与企业创新绩效间的调节作用不显著。     

Health, Wealth, Fertility, Education, and Inequality

The authors use a new cross-country dataset to estimate the strength of the links between different dimensions of social and economic development, including indicators of health, fertility, and education, as well as material wellbeing. This differs from previous studies in employing data for different income groups in each country in order to provide direct evidence on factors driving inequality, and in using a unique measure of material wellbeing that does not rely on PPP comparisons.     

IPR,Trade, FDI,and Technology Transfer

In this survey, we discuss how intellectual property rights （IPR） protection in the South affects trade flows, foreign direct investment （FDI） flows, and technology transfers from the North to the South. We also discuss optimal IPR policies and their effect on innovation. Our discussion covers both theoretical studies and empirical evidence. This survey is both comprehensive and critical. It aims to give readers the current state of IPR and globalization literature. Some issues have been studied more thoroughly, whereas for others the surface has only been scratched upon. This survey gives readers a clearer picture of the literature and may help them find future research topics.     

Trade,Remittances, Institutions,and Economic Growth

This paper empirically investigates the role of trade, remittances, and institutions in economic development in a large sample of developing countries using recently developed instruments for all these variables. Both cross-country (over 30 years) and dynamic panel data (over 5-year periods) regressions of growth rates on instrumented trade, remittances, and institutions provide evidence of a significant impact of trade, institutions, and remittances on growth. While institutions foster growth, remittances hamper it. The effect of trade on growth is positive in cross-sectional regressions but ambiguous in dynamic panel data regressions. These results are indicative of a more important role for trade in explaining growth in the very long run compared with over shorter horizons.     

Country terms of trade: trends,unit roots,over-differencing,endogeneity, time dummies,and heterogeneity

The debate about the Prebisch-Singer thesis has focused on primary commodities with some extensions to manufactures. We analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods and services rather than those for commodities according to the World Bank income classification. We find that the natural logarithm of the terms of trade for all groups except for the poorest has common unit roots, but none has individual unit roots. As low-income countries have no unit roots over-differencing is inefficient and biases significance levels in first differences against the fall in the terms of trade. For the low-income countries the terms of trade of goods and services are falling at a rate that is significantly negative without and with endogeneity treatment by system GMM. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of time dummies supports the result of falling terms of trade for low-income countries. When all coefficients are country-specific 50% of all low-income countries have falling terms of trade in a simultaneous equation estimation using the SUR method. Food and financial crisis have no effect on the number of countries with falling terms of trade, but (dis-)improve the terms of trade or the significance of the results for a very small number of countries.     

Modinomics: Design,Implementation, Outcomes,and Prospects

This paper presents an analysis of the key elements of Modinomics, defined as “everyone's participation, everyone's progress.” It investigates the reasons why Modinomics was necessary, the key elements of Modinomics, and how this policy was implemented. It argues that India's economic policy has had continuity since the economic reform package of 1991, so Modinomics has involved a high component of better implementation. Nevertheless, there have been some major policy changes as well. The paper discusses the deep structural reforms of demonetization and a Goods and Services Tax as well the new Insolvency and Bankruptcy Act. The paper examines the record of economic growth under Modi as well as new welfare and employment programs to make economic growth more inclusive. Finally, the paper examines the medium and long‐term growth prospects for India.     

Excise taxes,over-shifting,cross-elasticity,and tax revenue

This article examines cross-elasticity effects in excise taxation for markets characterized by monopolistic competition and over-shifting. Extending the constant elasticity demand model to consider cross-elasticity leads to notably different results regarding tax revenue maximization. With nonzero but weak cross-elasticity effects relative to the price elasticity, we derive a higher optimal tax-price ratio compared to prior research. With strong cross-elasticity, revenue can continually be increased by raising the excise tax. Overall, the study offers government greater incentive to use excise taxes to obtain revenue.