瑞典科技评估现状和运行机制

由于瑞典十分重视科研工作的科学价值和效益,因而项目的评估、审核和跟踪管理成为R&D拨款的使用和管理工作的核心内容.长期以来,瑞典的科研管理及研究资助机构对此进行过很深入的研究,积累了不少的经验.在这一点上,瑞典工程科学研究理事会(TFR)和瑞典工业与技术发展局(NUTEK)的工作具有一定的代表性.     

金融资产管理公司五大难题

1999年,我国组建了信达、华融、东方、长城四大金融资产管理公司(Asset ManagementCorporation,AMC)专门处置不良资产,这几年在不良资产的收购、管理与处置方面取得了一定的成绩,但同时面临着诸多困难与障碍.     

不良资产管理及处置中的问题

<正> 自1999年信达资产管理公司率先成立以来,四家国有金融资产管理公司已经走过了近三年的历程。三年来,金融资产管理公司肩负着防范和化解金融风险,最大限度保全资产和减少损失以及支持国有企业改革与发展的重大历史使命。在加快处置、提高处置效率方面,取得了令人瞩目的经营业绩。但金融资产管理公司资产管理及处置中存在的问题不容忽视。 1.政策法规的缺陷困扰资产处置的有效运作 2000年,在多方努力下,国家正式颁布了《金融资产管理公司条例》,为资产管理公司规范运营提供了基本的依据和准则,两年来资产管理公司在依法维权、维护自身利益方面有了法律保障。但《条例》规定过于一般化,特别是在处置资产方面     

瑞典在科技预算、科技政策和公共管理方面的改革

第一届中瑞公共管理讨论会于1984年12月在瑞典召开。在会上和会后,瑞典主管科技的副首相英格瓦尔·卡尔松谈到了瑞典在科技预算、科技政策和公共管理制度方面的改革情况。会后,笔者又分别拜访了卡尔松和主管科技事务的副大臣尼布劳宜斯女士,并就瑞典的科技政策与管理问题交换了意见,现将有关问题整理如下。     

浅议如何改进商业银行不良资产经营管理能力

金融机构的不良资产,不仅削弱我国商业银行的国际竞争力,也阻碍了我国经济协调稳步的可持续发展.要成为资本充足、内控严密、运营安全、服务和效益良好的现代金融企业,加大不良资产的管理与处置显得尤为迫切和重要.文章从当前银行不良资产经营管理工作中面临的困境和难点;强化银行不良资产经营处置工作必要性;提升银行不良资产经营处置工作的措施和方法等阐速了如何改进商业银行不良资产经营管理能力.     

上市公司盈余管理具体手段研究——基于8家公司的多案例分析

随着资本市场的不断发展,上市公司盈余管理问题愈发凸显,越来越多的公司采取各种盈余管理手段来调节利润.本文选取了8个上市公司进行盈余管理的案例,对上市公司主要运用的盈余管理具体手段进行了揭示和分析.研究发现,上市公司在经营不善及连续发生亏损等情况下,会通过投资收益(处置长期股权投资、处置子公司、处置可供出售金融资产)、资产减值、公允价值变动损益、营业外收入等非经常性项目来进行盈余管理,力图使公司扭亏为盈,而这些盈余管理手段并不具有持续性.     

浅析企业不良资产的管理与处置

我国很多企业尤其是国有企业累积了数量庞大的不良资产,为企业的发展带来的沉重的负担,也隐藏着很大的风险.本文根据不良资产处置的原则,综合考虑几种常用的资产处置方式的优缺点,提出了企业不良资产会计管理与处置的措施.     

青年汽车:打造百层楼的基础

2011年6月,青年汽车、庞大汽贸与瑞典汽车公司(旗下拥有全资子公司瑞典萨博汽车公司)签署了股权收购协议和国内合资协议.股权收购完成后,青年汽车成为瑞典汽车公司的第一大股东,持有瑞典汽车公司29.9%     

在新形势下如何做好医院固定资产处置管理工作

固定资产处置是医院国有资产管理的重要工作内容,同时也是国有资产最易流失的环节。固定资产处置方式的多种多样,也给固定资产处置工作带来多元化、复杂化。如何规范固定资产处置程序,加强和完善医院固定资产处置管理工作,正确掌握和运用处置管理方法,要从制度建设、考评奖罚、计算机网络运用、处置收入上缴等方面探讨医院固定资产处置管理的方法和措施。     

瑞典实验动物管理体系浅析

在瑞典,对实验动物的管理主要体现在对实验动物的福利保护上。自1988年起,瑞典政府颁布和制定了多项法律、条例和规定,指导实验动物的管理和合法使用。近年来,瑞典科研界积极探索实验动物替代方法研究,并成立了世界上第一个支持动物实验替代方法研究的基金会。本文浅析瑞典实验动物管理体系与特点,针对我国对实验动物管理的不足,提出相关建议,为我国完善实验动物管理体制提供参考。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。