关于《企业会计准则——租赁》融资租赁业务的处理

向劳动者或未来的劳动者提供各种形式的教育服务是现代社会的普遍需求 ,各种教育机构为满足这种社会需求提供多种形式的教育服务 ,具备了一种产业产生与发展的基本条件 ,并在社会分工中承担着特有的产业功能 ,因而也就成为现代产业体系中的一个重要组成部分。教育产业所遵循的     

现代大学的人才培养目标:科学与人文精神并重

现代大学具有培养人才,发展科学和服务社会的功能,其中,培养人才是大学教育最基本和最重要的目的。而培养既具科学技术知识、又富于人文社会观念的新型人才,是当今时代对高等教育提出的迫切要求,也正是现代大学人才培养目标的一个新的定位。因此,必须在人才观、教育模式、科学     

国有企业财务机制历史沿革与评述

本文阐明了信息化时代管理会计在决策准则、决策主体和客体、决策信息利用,以及与信息技术相结合方面的问题和解决办法。并进一步阐明根据正确决策的四个过程建立管理会计决策支持系统的新型结构及其必要性。     

知识经济时代企业文化发展趋向

知识经济时代悄然而至 ,锻造适应时代要求的新型的管理哲学 ,不断创新的生产经营理念 ,独具特色的企业价值观念和企业精神 ,将使企业文化呈现出纷繁多样的发展态势     

试论电子商务对组织设计的影响

企业心智模式是企业在生产经营活动中形成的思维方式或思维惯性 ,它像一只“无形的手”影响着企业商机的捕捉和对战略构想的决策 ,影响着管理行为的选择及其对学习的阻碍。 2 1世纪企业面对的将是与工业经济时代不同的知识经济时代 ,这就迫切要求企业改善工业经济时代积累的心     

马克思主义经济理论与劳动者管理型企业模式分析

劳动者管理型企业模式以马克思主义经济理论为理论依据指导下出现的一种新型企业模式，是一种与资本主义性质企业完全不同的企业制度。它把劳动者的利益放在首位，试图通过劳动者参与管理、分享利润等方式解决资本家和劳动者之间的尖锐问题，用新型的管理结构、分配制度创新了马克思主义经济理论。     

新型集体经济是具有活力的民生经济、穷人经济

新型集体经济是以劳动者的劳动和资本联合为主而构成的新型集体企业的集体所有制经济。因而它传承了传统集体经济“集体所有”的产权特征，即由集体企业自主地运作经营管理企业的资产进行保值增殖；另一个产权特征，就是劳动者出资的资本仍归劳动者个人所有，持有企业的个人产权（或股权），一般而言，劳动者个人股权在企业股权结构中的比重很小，然而，企业劳动者众多，集聚起来的劳动者个人股权总量在企业股权结构中的比重将起到控股作用。这一股权特征非常重要，它把传统集体所有制企业“集体所有、个人没有”演变成了“集体共有、个人也有”的新型集体企业。     

转换民营企业家族式管理模式的思考

家族制管理模式是民营企业起步的引擎,当某些企业达到一定规模后,它又成为企业发展壮大的桎梏,因此,民营企业必须突破家族制管理模式,以家族资本去有效融合社会资本,与非家族成员共享企业的资产所有权、剩余索取权和经营控制权,完成从家族制企业向现代企业的变革。     

国家知识基础设施建设刍议

随着知识经济时代的到来 ,一种新的基础设施——国家知识基础设施 (NKI的建设将上升到社会经济发展的中心地位 ,它是知识经济的主要支撑。本文简要介绍了 NKI提出的背景、内涵、组成要素以及在我国发展的现状     

MRPⅡ、JIT与TOC的集成模式研究

MRPⅡ与JIT均是企业有效降低库存、加速资金周转、提高生产经营水平的现代化重要手段和工具。TOC理论是20一套围绕系统中存在的制约因素———"约束"而进行管理的现代管理思想和原则。它可以帮助企业或组织机构识别出在实际目标的过程中存在哪些约束,并进一步指出如何实施必要     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.