宏观经济因素对中国海外直接投资促动效应的 理论与实证分析

中国特殊的宏观经济条件使得企业对外直接投资具有独特的发展模式和投资动因。本文运用1987~2010年间相关数据对宏观经济因素对中国海外直接投资的促动效应进行实证。结果显示:只有外汇储备与我国对外直接投资正相关,而技术能力、贸易顺差、利率水平、外汇汇率与中国对外直接投资是负相关,本文对此原因进行了深入分析并提出了改进中国对外直接投资的一些建议。     

Fiscal Cyclicality in the Brazilian Economy: Something Is Changing

This article provides empirical evidence of the degree of fiscal cyclicality in the Brazilian economy from 2000 to 2010. The degree of fiscal cyclicality is estimated through OLS and GMM models for three different time samples with the objective of observing a change in the stance in the conduct of fiscal policy. The fiscal policy from January 2000 to December 2010 was countercyclical. However from 2000 to 2007 the search for credibility implied a cyclical fiscal policy. In contrast, after 2007, the possibility of using a countercyclical fiscal policy became feasible.     

国际石油价格波动对我国通货膨胀的影响——基于VAR的经验证据

文章的定性分析表明,既存在支持国际石油价格波动会对我国通货膨胀产生影响的理由,也存在削弱这种影响的理由,而VAR经验分析表明,并没有令人信服的经验结果支持国际石油价格波动会对我国通货膨胀产生影响的结论,这种影响在25%的显著性水平上,即使在滞后12期之后,也至多是微弱的.     

Effects of Corporate Tax Reforms on SMEs’ Investment Decisions under the Particular Consideration of Inflation

Corporate tax reforms carried out in EU countries since 1980 entail lower statutory tax rates and reductions in generous tax depreciation provisions. Several countries including the UK have reduced tax rates for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). This study compares incentive effects of such reforms on the SMEs’ investment decisions adopting a simple present value model. Ceteris paribus, tax rates and depreciation rules vary in the model simulation, while the application of historical cost accounting method in inflationary phases leads to fictitious increases in nominal net present value. Apart from the construction of international ranking, country-specific patterns of reform effects are also illustrated. This paper was presented at the 61st Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance (IIPF) held in Jeju Island, Korea in 2005. The authors are grateful to discussants and participants at the conference. Special thanks to two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Responsibility for errors remains the authors’.     

Inflation Targeting Framework and Interest Rates Transmission in Ghana: An Empirical Investigation

This paper investigates the long-and short-run rate of transmission of the prime rate to interest rates since the implementation of inflation targeting policy in Ghana. Monthly data covering the period January 2002 to March 2016 is used. The Johansen and Hansen parameter instability cointegration, the FMOLS and DOLS estimation procedures were used. The long-run results show incomplete pass-through of the prime rate to commercial banks’ lending and deposit rates but over pass-through to the 91-day Treasury bill rate. The short-run adjustment shows relatively slow transmission of the prime rate to the respective interest rates. Given the findings, relevant policy suggestions are provided.     

中国资本市场吸收实体经济的通胀能力

无论在短期或长期,虚拟经济部门扩张中因现金资产的流入而可能具有吸收过剩货币的能力,因而起到了吸收实体经济通货膨胀压力的作用,而各子市场对通货膨胀则可能存在不同方向和强度的吸收作用。文章在对近10年数据实证检验的基础上,建立了吸收通胀能力指数,并发现资本市场整体上确存在着吸收通胀压力的作用,这种作用主要来源于国债市场和期货市场,而股票和基金市场的扩张则与通胀正相关。     

Foreign Direct Investment and Trade: A Study on Selected Brazilian Industries

This study aims to investigate whether foreign direct investment (FDI) growth improved the Brazilian foreign trade in the long run and whether there is a predictable relationship between a firm's FDI strategy and a firm's foreign trade. We applied moderated multiple regressions and generalized linear models to test the effects of FDI on both export and import equations of 11 Brazilian industries from 1996 to 2009. Our data sources include the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade Ministry, Central Bank of Brazil, and the Applied Research Institute. Results showed that FDI is correlated with increased exports in the short run, but not in the long run. In the long run, the positive relationship between FDI and exports will only occur for export-oriented industries in which resource-seeking strategies are preponderant. We found a positive relationship between imports and FDI in the short run, particularly in import-oriented industries. A negative relationship between FDI and imports was found in the long run.     

货币需求、货币溢出与通货膨胀:基于中国货币现象的实证检验

根据所承担的职能,本文将货币分为贮藏货币和交易货币,认为通货膨胀会通过费雪效应导致贮藏货币向交易货币的溢出,而这一溢出又会通过交易方程式机制加剧通货膨胀.这就形成了一个动态循环机制.本文在设置了一个贮藏一交易货币转移方程的基础上,构建了一个关于通货膨胀的动态模型,考察了这一循环机制,发现如果货币溢出的通货膨胀弹性足够大,就会使得通货膨胀走向发散.通过实证检验,我们发现我国虽仍具有刚性的储蓄倾向,但是近期的通货膨胀已经造成了贮藏货币向交易货币的溢出,而这种溢出如果不能被抑制,则很可能会进一步加剧通货膨胀,形成一种恶性循环.同时也提醒我们,如果存在经济衰退预期,交易货币会被贮藏货币吸收而造成通货紧缩.     

Determinants of Bank Profitability in a Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence from the China Banking Sector

The Chinese banking sector has undergone noteworthy financial reforms, which significantly metamorphosed the banking system. This article seeks to examine the determinants of the profitability of the Chinese banking sector. The empirical analysis is confined to the four State Owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) and the 12 Joint Stock Commercial Banks (JSCBs) during the postreform period of 2000–2007. The empirical findings of this study suggest that size, credit risk, and capitalization are positively related to the profitability of China banks, whereas liquidity, overhead costs, and network embeddedness have negative impacts. However, the impact of liquidity is not uniform across bank types. We find that the SOCBs with higher level of liquidity tend to be relatively more profitable, which could be vindicated by the significant amount of lending to the State Owned Enterprises. The impact of economic growth and inflation are always positive whether we examine the SOCB or the JSCB.     

An Empirical Study of the Determinants of Foreign Investment in China: A Western Australian Perspective

The literature, regarding the determinants of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in China, emphasizes national or regional inward FDI, and largely depends on secondary data. This study reports findings from the analysis of primary data provided by 43 managers of Western Australian companies that are either operating or planning to invest in China reveals market size, labor cost, and business ethics were important factors for promoting foreign investment to the Chinese marketplace; while gender, organizational size, and networking have potential to play a significant mediating role in investment decisions. These exploratory observations are a departure point for further investigations.     

货币政策对资本市场的非线性效应——基于自私募股权投资经验证据的分析

私募股权投资是资本市场的重要组成部分,而资本市场波动对宏观经济周期有重要影响。通过构建非线性计量经济模型,本文从不同期限结构和类型的政策模式角度探索货币政策对私募股权投资的非线性影响。研究发现,短期数量型货币政策在经济高涨时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,而长期数量型货币政策在经济平稳时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,数量型货币政策对私募股权投资的影响在时间维度呈现递减趋势;短期价格型货币政策在经济萧条时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,而长期价格型货币政策在经济平稳时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,价格型货币政策对私募股权投资的影响在时间维度呈现递增趋势。因此,长期价格型货币政策是我国进入经济新常态时期后的主要选择。     

两类投资对经济增长的贡献性研究──对美国的分析

本文认为,社会上的资本要素可分为固定资产和智力资本两类,社会经济增长就是由这两类资本来推动的。固定资产投资和智力资本投资对经济增长的贡献不同,从世界范围看,知识经济时代的来临使得智力资本对国民经济的贡献越来越大,而我国的经济增长总体上还依赖于固定资产投资,尚未进入知识经济时代。文章就美国智力资本投资与固定资产投资对经济增长的贡献进行了相关分析、回归分析和因果关系分析,指出美国智力资本投资对经济增长的贡献高于固定资产投资的贡献,智力资本成为促进经济增长的主要推动力。     

Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on the Most Centralized Country: Evidence from Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea

Foreign direct investment (FDI) may influence host countries, not only their economy but also their institutions such as political and economic systems. This study comprehensively explores these diverse impacts of FDI in the most centralized economy in the world, North Korea, by focusing on the Gaeseong Industrial Complex (GIC). The GIC is a special economic zone for FDI, especially from South Korea. Based on the thorough analysis of literature and data on the GIC, this study found a significant impact of FDI on North Korean economy, but limited impact on institutional reforms and military détente. Furthermore, this study attributes the limited FDI impact to characteristics of the GIC, type of FDI in the GIC, and the political system of North Korea. By observing several FDI effects on North Korea, this study provides a holistic view of FDI effects on a centralized economy and the implications for better understanding of FDI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中国通货膨胀持续性的非对称特征研究--基于分位数自回归模型和分位数单位根的研究

基于1990－2013年中国月度CPI数据,本文通过运用分位数自回归模型和分位数单位根检验方法,研究了中国通货膨胀惯性的非对称特征,并分析了不同分位点上的通货膨胀惯性系数、单位根检验结果和半衰期。结果发现：中国的通货膨胀持续期存在明显的非对称特征,1998年之后通货膨胀持续性要显著低于1998年之前;相比于高通货膨胀水平,低通货膨胀水平上的通货膨胀持续性要显著降低。     

中国宏观经济运行总量指标互动影响的实证研究

本文利用Granger因果关系检验及建立向量误差修正(VEC)模型,从数量上对中国宏观经济运行总量指标之间的相互影响及关系问题进行实证分析,结果表明物价水平、经济增长和固定资产投资之间存在显着的相互影响。从短期看,固定资产投资与经济增长均对物价水平存在着滞后、正向的推动作用。从长期看,当期投资将在未来期内转化为供给,在反方向上促使物价下滑,因而固定资产投资在长期内对物价水平存在着一个显着的反向影响力。而且广义货币供给量通过固定资产投资与经济总产出的传导作用,对物价水平发生影响。     

通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性分析：货币错配的视角

随着经济全球化、金融一体化浪潮的兴起以及金融创新的不断推进,传统的货币政策框架日益受到冲击和挑战,近年来在许多国家已取得良好效果的通货膨胀目标制正受到越来越多的关注,很多学者认为我国也应该采取通货膨胀目标制。本文正是在这种背景下,在考察了我国货币错配现状并界定通货膨胀目标制内涵的基础上,从分析货币错配影响通货膨胀目标制实施的内在机制这一视角,结合我国特殊的国情对通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性进行了研究。     

Indian Economy: Growth Performance and Prospects of Transitioning the Growth Trajectory

After a prolonged period of underperformance, Indian economy picked up momentum during the 1980s and 1990s. After 2001, it even had a period of stellar economic growth and the real gross domestic product growth rate came tantalizingly close to double digit. Optimists began to believe that India could emulate China's sustained superlative economic performance. The author argues that this amounts to stretching optimism. There is still a long list of macroeconomic reform and restructuring measures that have been ignored. Whether it will be able to emulate China will essentially depend on doing what was left undone in the past.     

我国信贷资金分布与宏观经济波动关系的实证研究

银行信贷将为经济短期内实现反转提供强有力的支撑,但是,信贷资金的各个部分对宏观经济有不同的效应。对信贷及其组成部分与经济周期的关系进行计量检验,得到的结论是:信贷资金的分布与经济增长率的周期性波动存在明显的内在联系;而且,中长期贷款和建筑贷款的周期性波动提前于经济增长,工业贷款和商业贷款的周期性波动与经济增长率相对一致。因此,宏观调控部门应积极引导信贷资金流向效应明显的领域。     

外国直接投资、外国证券投资与经济增长:以美国为例

本文以美国1972-2002年的统计数据为例,在建立VAR模型的基础上通过脉冲响应曲线和方差分解表对流入美国的外国直接投资(FDI)、外国证券投资(FPI)和经济增长之间的关系进行了实证研究,结果表明流入美国的FDI和FPI均有助于美国经济的增长。但相对而言,美国经济增长更加依赖于外国证券投资,研究还发现流入美国的FDI与FPI之间关系紧密,两者之间存在积极的良性互动关系,且FPI对FDI的影响明显大于FDI对FPI的影响。     

Foreign Direct Investment,Pollution, and the Environmental Quality: A Model with Empirical Evidence From the Chinese Regions

In this study, within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), we empirically investigate the effects of regional openness to foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional economic growth on pollution emission across the Chinese provinces. Our analysis shows FDI contributes to more serious pollution emission, where the effect of the former on the latter is realized through the former’s impacts on the input of natural resources or the industry mix, either of which is associated with the level of total factor productivity. Our analysis also shows that with the continuous growth of output and per capita output, pollution emission and pollution emission intensity would both first rise and then fall, which lends support to the EKC hypothesis.