智能化时代基于技术密集度差异的企业设计创新路径

智能化时代进一步拉大了技术密集型行业与传统制造行业之间的产品差异。基于行业技术密集度差异及技术对企业设计创新的不同作用,将企业分为技术密集度较高和较低两种类型,通过梳理企业设计创新方法和作用机制,以企业对设计关注点的挖掘和表现力作为设计能力的变量指标,构建"设计能力-设计绩效-企业竞争力"路径,探讨两类企业设计创新特征。研究发现,在技术密集度较低的企业,产品造型和CMF设计能力对企业竞争力具有显著正向影响,而使用方式与设计师数量负相关;在技术密集度较高的企业,功能与使用方式设计能力正向关系最为显著,设计经费、设计技术和设备支撑也具有一定的正向作用。     

中国中小制造企业工业产品设计驱动创新影响因素与路径研究

在创新驱动发展背景下，我国经济发展进入新常态，创新成为企业发展的第一动力。在内部与外部因素制约下，中小制造企业成为我国产业转型升级的短板。根据设计驱动创新理论，将技术、市场需求和产品语意3个方面有机整合，在中小企业技术创新能力不足的情景下，通过对其工业产品进行设计创新提高企业竞争力。基于设计驱动型创新视角，以实地调研、网络搜集、发放调查问卷等方式获取数据，通过实证研究、定量分析方法探讨在设计创新整合过程中，企业技术能力、市场能力和产品语意设计能力三大影响因素与企业设计创新绩效间的关系。结果发现，三大影响因素中的子变量与企业设计创新绩效呈现不同的相关关系。在此基础上，提出中小制造企业在工业产品设计创新过程中应遵循循序渐进、内外兼修、深度融合三大原则，并为其不同发展阶段的创新路径设计提供相关建议。     

互补性能力在产品创新价值链中的影响研究

以高新技术企业为样本,深入剖析企业营销能力、企业技术能力与产品创新价值链之间的关系,从过程角度研究企业互补性能力对产品创新不同环节的影响和相对重要性。创新过程可视为从创意产生,到创意转化,再到创意扩散的三个阶段的有序演进。研究发现,在创意产生阶段,企业营销能力比企业技术能力作用更重要;在创意转化和扩散阶段,企业技术能力比企业营能力作用更重要;企业营销能力与企业技术能力的互补效应对创意产生、创意转化及创意扩散都具有显著正向影响。     

基于环境传播理念的产品包装设计研究

包装不仅能用于保护和存放产品,同时也是一种极具传播渗透力的信息媒介。在可持续发展成为全球共识的当下,基于环境传播理念的产品包装设计能对公众环境意识的普及与生态文明构建产生积极影响。论文提出,通过有效的设计语言与公众沟通,需要设计师准确设置主题诉求,合理利用展示情境,巧妙融入操作互动及创新拓展表达渠道。而解决设计实践中的伦理争议问题,还有赖于设计师恪守自律,最大限度地屏蔽商业因素的干预误导。     

可追溯实践、动态能力对企业创新绩效的影响：以制造企业为例

创新是企业保持长期竞争优势的关键。在数字经济时代,制造企业可追溯实践能否及如何改善创新绩效受到实业界和学界高度关注。基于动态能力理论,提出可追溯实践和动态能力对创新绩效(产品创新、流程创新、管理创新)影响的理论模型与研究假设。采用问卷调查法对279家中国本土制造企业进行调查,运用结构方程模型进行实证检验。结果发现：(1)制造企业可追溯实践对产品创新、流程创新和管理创新均具有显著正向影响;(2)可追溯实践在促进创新绩效改善过程中受动态能力的中介作用,其中,动态能力在可追溯实践对流程创新和管理创新的影响过程中发挥部分中介效应,在可追溯实践对产品创新的影响过程中发挥完全中介效应。研究结论可为制造企业全面认识可追溯实践价值,以及动态能力在推动可追溯实践以促进创新绩效改善过程中的重要作用提供理论指导和管理启示。     

基于双研发模式的合作创新影响因素研究

我国企业技术力量相对薄弱,自主研发能力不足。在知识经济高度发展、技术不稳定性急剧增加的今天,这种劣势对企业核心竞争力的影响更加明显。在这种情况下,合作创新成为我国企业技术创新的必由之路。影响企业合作创新决策的因素有哪些,应该选择什么样的合作伙伴来提高创新绩效？这些都是理论界和实业界共同关注的焦点问题。从企业资源与能力的角度出发,构建了一个基于非合作研发与合作研发方式并存的均衡过程创新博弈模型,考察了产品替代、技术溢出、信息共享和技术研发难度对企业合作创新的影响,可为企业合作创新实践提供一定的参考。     

适用于发展中国家的创新范式:开放式颠覆创新理论框架

制造型企业的发展关系着国民经济的稳定与繁荣。中国制造型企业通过创新探索与实践,初步实现了关键技术与核心产品国产化,在技术创新过程中,自然会重点关注突破性创新方法。通过阐述突破性创新特征,说明其在发展中国家使用时遇到的障碍,并通过文献和案例研究讨论了一种新的技术创新策略——开放式颠覆创新。这一方法有助于企业成功获得创新性产品或服务,借助基于核心能力的技术和业务多元化战略适应市场变化,通过持续性创新保持企业竞争优势。开放式颠覆创新不仅是对中国企业30多年来创新实践的理论提炼,也是适用于其它发展中国家的创新新范式。     

基于信息生态位视角对企业技术创新能力的认识

企业的技术创新过程是对创新信息的利用开发过程,基于不同的信息生态位,企业具有不同的技术创新能力。在分析企业信息生态位内涵的基础上提出了基于信息生态位的技术创新能力构成模型,最后探讨了企业信息生态位到技术创新能力的传导机理。     

现代个性化设计的理解

产品设计的越来越个性化,使产品更具有针对性的面向受众,工业设计需要在市场营销的过程中不断地去配合企业的营销,设计使企业适应市场,更使企业去引导市场.技术的发展和企业的需求促使设计师除了设计迎合人们多元化需求的产品形式之外,还肩负着引导时代文化的责任.     

基于三阶段的产品创新项目风险识别方法研究北大核心CSSCI

产品创新项目风险管理一直是企业产品创新管理方面的重点研究内容,在分析产品创新项目风险识别思想发展的基础上,提出了一种新的基于产品市场生命周期、产品创新管理体系及产品创新管理部门的产品创新项目风险识别理念,并在此基础上设计了基于三阶段的产品创新项目风险识别方法,最后结合实例进行了应用研究。     

A patent-based cross impact analysis for quantitative estimation of technological impact: The case of information and communication technology

The increasing syntheses and interactions between various technologies increase the usefulness of cross impact analysis (CIA) as a method for forecasting and analyzing them. Conventional CIA depends on an expert's qualitative judgment or intuition and thus it is difficult to evaluate quantitatively the impact of one technology on another. In this study, we employ patent analysis in CIA to examine such impacts between technologies based on multiple patent classifications. Patent information is used for facilitating quantitative and systematic approach in CIA. The distinctive feature and main contribution of the proposed approach is the overcoming of the limitations of conventional CIA, by employing conditional probabilities based on the patent information. The classification of patents, particularly the multiple classifications, is used to evaluate the relationships between technologies. As an illustration, a patent-based CIA with information and communication technologies (ICTs) was conducted. Firstly, the patent-based cross impact among ICTs was calculated. Secondly, the technology pairs were classified based on the cross impact score between ICTs. Thirdly, a cross impact network was constructed to identify the complex relation among ICTs. Finally, the changes in cross impact scores between technologies over time were analyzed. The results of this research are expected to help practitioners to forecast future trends and to develop better R&D strategies.     

Japanese technological innovation strategy: recent trends

Firstly, a review of models of the Japanese innovation process is presented and the dominant characteristics of each model are identijed. The latest innovation trends in Japan are analysed using recent examples, and a n integrative model is presented based on these. The major elements of the Japanese innovative process are as follows: (a) organizational intelligence; (b) fusion of technologies; (c) horizontal information flow structures; (d) core competence building i n generic technologies; (e) rapid horizontal duffusion of technologies; V) concurrent engineering; (g) rapid commercialization of new technologies into new businesses. National innovation policies have to be structured to enable quick response to the emerging global changes.     

基于社会感知分析的新兴技术发展趋势研究

如何尽早捕捉有颠覆性潜力的新兴技术发展趋势,对企业研发投资决策和政府研发战略决策具有重要参考价值。针对论文文献和专利数据研究新兴技术发展趋势的局限性,提出基于社会感知分析的新兴技术发展趋势研究模型。首先,利用基于关键词语义关联与语义主题分析的数据挖掘方法对新兴技术感知信息进行有效萃取和分析;其次,通过对新兴技术社会感知的可视化与知识发现,分析新兴技术发展趋势;最后,以钙钛矿太阳能电池技术为案例进行研究,验证社会感知分析在揭示新兴技术发展趋势方面的可行性和有效性,为新兴技术发展趋势研究提供新视角。     

A two-stage technology foresight model with system dynamics simulation and its application in the Chinese ICT industry

Technology foresight is a process that identifies the critical technologies a country or industry needs to develop in order to shape a desired future. In this paper, a two-stage technology foresight approach is proposed. During the first stage, critical technologies are identified and evaluated by nationwide experts through Delphi surveys. In the second stage, a system dynamics simulation model is used to estimate how critical parameter values are likely to impact the attainment of foresight goals. A detailed illustration of this two-stage process is provided by a technology foresight case study in the Chinese information and communication technologies (ICT) industry. Because it was identified by the first-stage Delphi method as a critical technology, the diffusion of 4th generation wireless telecommunication technology (4G) was simulated, and experimentation was conducted. Suggestions are provided regarding how the Chinese information industry would need to expand the IP network infrastructure in order to support technology foresight goals under different scenarios.     

Information resources and economic productivity

This paper analyzes the role of information resources in the development of the United States economy and especially in the determination of productivity levels. The analysis is based on a formal economic model of the interrelationship between two sectors: an information sector, comprising all labor and capital used to process and handle information, and a production sector, which processes and handles material goods. The purposes of the model are to explain the past growth of the information sector workforce, to identify productivity trends in the sector, and to determine the implications of those trends for future economic performance. The analysis shows that, historically, the rate of efficiency improvement in information handling (essentially white-collar) work has been much slower than in production work. However this pattern is changing rapidly, chiefly as a result of the introduction of new data processing, communication and storage technologies. Our model shows that the expected future level of investment in these information technologies will be sufficient to reverse, by the mid 1980s, the slowdown of economic growth which is currently afflicting industrialized countries.     

颠覆性技术关注方向演化研究

关注颠覆性技术创新方向演变对于构建颠覆性技术“发现—遴选—培养”机制，挖掘重大颠覆性技术选题具有重要意义。利用三螺旋协同性测度模型量化政府、产业、学术界3类主体对颠覆性技术关注方向的协同程度，构建颠覆性技术行动者网络，利用社会网络分析法解析网络结构形式下政、产、学三方关注颠覆性技术创新的耦合方向，探究高度耦合技术方向的演化特点。最后，获得技术关注方向协同性、技术关注耦合方向特征、技术关注方向耦合时间时序特征、技术关注方向耦合机构特征、高度耦合技术方向演化特征5个方面的结论。     

Limit to improvement: Myth or reality?: Empirical analysis of historical improvement on three technologies influential in the evolution of civilization

The evolution of civilization appears to have primarily resulted from continuous improvement made possible by technological advances. A group of social evolutionists and economists have identified, among others, energy, transport, as well as information and communication to be the three most influential technologies. On the other hand, a number of eminent scholars have cited several forces, natural, physiological, technological, as well as environmental which can place a limit on on-going improvement.The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the continuous improvement process as well as the limit placed on these three technologies. Using the framework of both connected and disconnected multiple technology S-curves and X-factor, historical improvement data on these three elements have been analyzed. The results of our analysis indicate that improvement in general has continued without limit mainly due to a series of emerging new technologies. These emerging technologies can be either connected or disconnected from the existing mature technologies. Our preliminary analysis shows that much of the past improvement comes from new technologies that on first serious application appear to be substantially superior from earlier technologies. In addition, enormous continuous improvement, which has accompanied both connected and disconnected new technologies appear to have played the critical role in sustaining the evolution of civilization. The paper discusses a number of policy implications and suggests topics for future research.     

A theory of innovation for process-based innovations such as nanotechnology

Many see Nanotechnology as the technology that will underlie the next Schumpeterian wave creating new opportunities for wealth and job creation. Further it is a process based or materials technology. Yet all currently used models of innovation are based on assembled products or service products and these simply do not recognize the differences in materials products nor the “enabling” nature of Nanotechnologies. If nanotechnology is poised to become the economic engine of this millennium and if current models of innovation, which are utilized, by policy makers and firm based strategist alike are based on technology product paradigms that are dissimilar to the realities of nanotechnology and other process-based technologies then there is cause for concern.Here the authors provide a model and supporting cases demonstrating a new process or materials based innovation model that is based on the tight coupling between product and process innovation of not only Nanotechnology-based products but other process-based products. This is an important finding, because it identifies and remedies a gap in the literature associated with earlier process and product innovation models. For process-based products like materials, food, chemicals and nanotechnologies any change to the manufacturing processes results in significant changes in end product features. The implications of this model to practice are considered.     

External technology commercialisation projects: objectives,processes and a typology

Firms increasingly consider external technology commercialisation (ETC) – the commercialisation of technology assets – as an important part of their strategies. ETC goes beyond the marginal activity of commercialising residual technologies, yet prior research has not systematically analysed its monetary and strategic benefits, nor has much been published about the process of managing ETC. Accordingly this paper offers a classification of ETC objectives based on case studies of 25 technology-oriented companies. A detailed segmentation of the process of managing these projects is established by focussing on large industrial companies whose main business is internal technology exploitation (i.e. the application of technologies in their own products and/or services). Based on these classifications, four types of external technology exploitation projects are identified and the different managerial challenges are described along the process segmentation.     

新技术进步会阻碍传统技术创新吗——来自汽车产业的实证检验

在新旧技术竞争过程中，传统企业会适时调整研发策略，以应对新技术进步对传统技术造成的冲击。然而，新技术对传统技术的影响究竟表现为创新替代效应还是创新互补效应，至今依然没有得到确切结论。以汽车产业为研究对象，比较传统燃油汽车和电动汽车两种新旧技术的发展路径，并结合产业生命周期理论提出汽车产业的三阶段演化模型。进一步基于1995—2021年省级专利数据和面板向量自回归模型，从产品创新和工艺创新两个维度实证检验各阶段电动汽车技术进步对传统汽车企业创新的影响。结果表明，在电动汽车产业的范式导入期（1995—2008年），新技术通过产品创新和工艺创新两方面促进传统技术发展；在电动汽车产业的范式构建期（2009—2021年），新技术依然对传统技术有显著推动作用，但仅通过工艺创新促进传统技术发展。