Value added of teachers in high-poverty schools and lower poverty schools

Using student-level microdata from 2000–2001 to 2004–2005 from Florida and North Carolina, we compare the effectiveness of teachers in schools serving primarily students from low-income families (>70% free-and-reduced-price-lunch students) with teachers in schools serving more advantaged students. The results show that the average effectiveness of teachers in high poverty schools is in general less than teachers in other schools and there is significantly greater variation in teacher quality among high poverty schools. These differences are largely driven by less productive teachers at the bottom of the teacher effectiveness distribution in high-poverty schools. The bulk of the quality differential is due to differences in the unmeasured characteristics of teachers. We find that the gain in productivity to more experienced teachers from additional experience is much stronger in lower-poverty schools. The lower return to experience in high-poverty schools does not appear to be a result of differences in the quality of teachers who leave teaching or who switch schools, however. Our findings suggest that measures that induce highly effective teachers to move to high-poverty schools and which promote an environment in which teachers’ skills will improve over time are more likely to be successful.     

Do charter schools crowd out private school enrollment? Evidence from Michigan

Charter schools have been one of the most important dimensions of recent school reform measures in the United States. Though there have been numerous studies on the effects of charter schools, these have mostly been confined to analyzing their effects on student achievement, student demographic composition, parental satisfaction, and the competitive effects on traditional public schools. This study departs from the existing literature by investigating the effect of charter schools on enrollment in private schools. To investigate this issue empirically, we focus on the state of Michigan where there was a significant spread of charter schools in the nineties. Using data on private school enrollment from biennial NCES private school surveys, and using a fixed effects as well as an instrumental variables strategy that exploits exogenous variation from Michigan charter law, we investigate the effect of charter school penetration on private school enrollment. We do not find any causal evidence that charter schools led to a decline in enrollment in the private schools. Further, we do not find evidence that enrollments in Catholic or other religious schools were affected differently from those in non-religious private schools. Our results are robust to a variety of sensitivity checks.     

校企合作背景下在中职生心理健康教育中渗透积极心理学研究

校企合作是中职学校培养职业技术人才的重要途径。校企合作能够促进中职学校的发展，使学生在校所学与企业实践有机结合。文章阐述了校企合作背景下创新心理健康教育方式，用积极心理学渗透的方法，开展中职生心理健康教育，提升中职生的综合素质，使他们成为受企业欢迎的技能型人才。     

完善民办教育立法的建议

民办教育在我国教育事业中有着举足轻重的地位,《民办教育促进法》的颁布,带来了民办教育的快速发展。因民办学校自身问题和教育体制方面的问题,挫伤了投资人投资办学的积极性,影响了民办教育的发展。对此必须在实践中不断完善民办教育立法,规定界定营利性民办学校与非营利性民办学校的条件,制定不同的税收政策;完善民办学校法人财产权的立法,确保民办学校法人财产不受非法侵害;细化民办学校投资人获得合理回报的立法,鼓励投资人投资办学的积极性;细化民办学校联合办学的立法,优化教育资源的使用效率。     

Does attending predominately-female schools make a difference? Labor market outcomes for women

This study explores the effects of attending predominately-female high schools on labor market outcomes. The existing literature about these schools is quite limited, and most research focuses on role-model effects at coeducational schools. Since returns to predominately-female high school attendance are likely to be upward biased due to selection, data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are used to explore the determinants of such attendance. Girls who are raised Catholic, who are nonwhite, or who live in urban areas are more likely to enroll in predominately-female schools. Though women who attended these schools are no more or less likely to enter the workforce, they do earn a 19.7% higher wage than women who attended coeducational high schools. Controlling for personal characteristics as well as selection into predominately-female schools and into the workforce, the estimated wage differential falls to 12.6%.     

Fundraising for primary schools in England—Moving beyond the school gates

In response to depleting budgets and intensified performance pressures, primary schools are increasingly turning to fundraising as one mechanism for combatting ongoing challenges. Although research identifies that two thirds of primary schools are actively trying to increase their fundraised income, some primary schools are significantly more successful in attracting additional funds than others, whereas many struggle to focus fundraising efforts “beyond the school gates.” This article focuses on 3 case study schools and the individuals tasked with the role of fundraising, which have each adopted different approaches in a successful attempt to increase their fundraised income. The findings propose that when primary schools proactively focus on their fundraising, invest in people in terms of both time and their skills, and create a positive fundraising narrative that embraces both the schools and local communities' needs, primary schools can succeed in attracting significant philanthropic support, which can be transformative for the school community.     

Effective investment strategies on mathematics performance in rural areas

Taiwan has noticed relative disadvantages in rural areas and offered more scholarship opportunities for aboriginal and low-income students. Moreover, the Educational Priority Area program was implemented in 1996 to invest additional funds in rural schools. Although the average mathematics ability of Taiwanese students ranks high in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the cost-benefit outcome of government funding in rural areas is inadequate. This paper, therefore, tries to explain low student achievement in rural areas with the multilevel modeling (HLM). Data were gathered from 5,581 Taiwanese students in 236 junior high schools using stratified random sampling. Of the data, 2,358 students from 112 rural area schools and 3,223 students from 124 non-rural area schools were sampled. The results demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between resources and investments, and shifts focus from comparisons of the influence of families and schools preexisting conditions to discussions of improvement strategies on mathematics performance. Both families and schools are limited by their resources, but the findings presented in this study suggest that families and schools can improve student achievement with appropriate investments.     

EDUCATING AMARETCH: PRIVATE SCHOOLS FOR THE POOR AND THE NEW FRONTIER FOR INVESTORS

The accepted wisdom says that the poor need billions of dollars more in donor aid for state education. But this ignores the reality that poor parents are abandoning government schools to send their children to 'budget' private schools that charge very low fees, affordable to parents on minimum wages. Recent research shows that private schools for the poor are superior to government schools – teachers are more committed, the provision of inputs better and educational outcomes better – even after controlling for background variables. All this is accomplished for a fraction of the per-pupil teacher cost of government schools. The development community could therefore assist the poor by extending access to private schools through targeted vouchers. There are also opportunities for investors to contribute through microfinance-type loans, dedicated education investment funds and joint ventures with educational entrepreneurs, including the development of brands of budget private schools to help solve the information problem facing poor parents.     

财经院校双语教学实践中遇到的问题与对策

双语教学对于财经院校有着极为重要的意义。财经院校通过开设双语课程培养了不少高素质财经人才。当前,越来越多的财经院校开设越来越多的双语课程。但是,由于许多财经类院校双语课程开设的时间并不长,开设过程中通常都会遇到一些问题。有效解决这些问题将会极大地提高双语教学质量。     

新升本科院校数学专业学生的考研心理分析及对策探讨

学生的考研心理对考研率有着重大的影响,对于新升本科院校数学专业学生而言,应该注重学生的考研心理,根据研究学生的考研心理状况,从而进一步提升考研率。     

校企合作背景下在中职生心理健康教育中渗透积极心理学研究

校企合作是中职学校培养职业技术人才的重要途径。校企合作能够促进中职学校的发展,使学生在校所学与企业实践有机结合。文章阐述了校企合作背景下创新心理健康教育方式,用积极心理学渗透的方法,开展中职生心理健康教育,提升中职生的综合素质,使他们成为受企业欢迎的技能型人才。     

高职院校学生中发展党员工作的思考

高职学生是伴随着高等职业教育的蓬勃发展而出现的一个新群体,有其鲜明的特点。高职院校党组织要充分认识在学生中发展党员工作的重要意义,认真分析高职学生的特点及发展学生党员工作中存在的问题,积极做好在高职学生中发展党员工作。     

高职院校学生中发展党员工作的思考

高职学生是伴随着高等职业教育的蓬勃发展而出现的一个新群体,有其鲜明的特点。高职院校党组织要充分认识在学生中发展党员工作的重要意义,认真分析高职学生的特点及发展学生党员工作中存在的问题,积极做好在高职学生中发展党员工作。     

Testing for Quasi-Market Forces in Secondary Education

This paper investigates the effect of introducing quasi-market forces into secondary education on the allocation of pupils between schools and on the exam performance of pupils. A unique database is used which covers all publicly-funded secondary schools in England over the period 1992–98. We find several effects consistent with the operation of a quasi-market. Firstly, new admissions are found to be positively related to a school's own exam performance and negatively related to the exam performance of competing schools. Secondly, a school's growth in pupil numbers is positively related to its exam performance compared to its immediate competitors. Thirdly, there is strong evidence that schools experiencing an excess demand for places have responded by increasing their physical capacity. Fourthly, there is some evidence of an increase in the concentration of pupils from poor family backgrounds in those schools with the poorest exam performance of schools during 1992–98 can be attributed to the introduction of quasi-market forces.     

新形势下职校辅导员工作路径

当前,90后职校生已经成为职业学校的主要群体。心理发展的基本特征与存在问题,职校辅导员工作需要树立正确的学生观,寻求积极的职业教育对策,因势利导,因材施教,充分发掘他们的心理潜能,发挥他们的个性特长,坚持促进职校生学会学习与学会做人的和谐统一,让职校生的心理世界充满阳光。     

试谈民办学校教师归属感的建立

教师队伍不稳定已经成为民办学校发展过程中一个非常严重的问题。本文尝试从教师对学校的归属感的建立角度出发,通过对影响教师队伍的稳定的心理因素的研究,从中总结出建立教师归属感的对策,为民办学校管理者建立稳定的教师队伍起到一定的参考作用。     

城乡互动中教师交流的策略探析

本文提及的教师交流策略包括城市学校选派"名师团队"到农村学校进行"帮扶"工作,农村学校选派骨干教师到城市学校进行"浸润式"学习;采用"波纹式"互动方式,由点带面、邻近互动;不借助信息技术手段的教师交流时间不能太短,要在农村学校的师生习惯于新的教学手段、教学理念以后才能停止;以信息技术手段,尤其是以计算机网络为媒介的后期服务、培训等工作不能间断。     

中职学生常见运动损伤的预防及处理方法

中职学生在参加体育锻炼过程中,容易发生运动损伤和常见的运动性疾病。文章分析中职学生常见运动损伤的成因及处理方法,对中职学校体育教学具有重要的指导意义。     

Charter school closure and student achievement: Evidence from Ohio

The closure of low-performing schools is an essential feature of the charter school model. Our regression discontinuity analysis uses an exogenous source of variation in school closure—an Ohio law that requires charter schools to close if they fail to meet a specific performance standard—to estimate the causal effect of closure on student achievement. The results indicate that closing low-performing charter schools eventually yields achievement gains of around 0.2–0.3 standard deviations in reading and math for students attending these schools at the time they were identified for closure. The study also employs mandatory closure as an instrument for estimating the impact of exiting low-quality charter schools, thus providing plausible lower-bound estimates of charter school effectiveness. These results complement the more common lottery-based estimates of charter school effects, which likely serve as upper-bound estimates due to their focus on oversubscribed schools often located in cities with high-performing charter sectors. We discuss the implications for research and policy.     

西安外语培训机构现状与发展策略研究

随着国际化进程的不断推进,中国对外语人才的需求也与日俱增,新的时代背景催生了外语培训市场。文章分析了西安外语培训机构的现状及其发展策略,并对西安市外语培训机构今后的发展提出了一些建议,希望西安市的外语培训能步入可持续发展的道路,从而更好的为地方经济服务。