实体企业金融化与企业风险：抑制还是引致？

摘要：本文以2011－2021年A股非金融类上市企业为样本,实证分析了实体企业金融化与企业风险之间的关系。研究表明,在“投资替代”动机下,实体企业金融化对企业风险形成有促进作用。作用机制分析显示,金融资产并未充当“防御性储蓄”的角色来缓解企业融资约束和抑制企业风险,相反,金融化实际上挤压了企业主营业务发展,并引致了企业风险。进一步研究发现,投资性房地产发挥“投资替代”作用而引致风险,而长期股权投资发挥抑制风险作用。同时,“投资替代”动机更强的企业,引致风险的效果也越显著。本文研究结果为防范化解实体企业因金融化引发的企业风险及金融精准服务实体经济提供了经验证据和启示。     

我国典当业务风险防范策略研究

文章从典当行业的传统民品业务谈到了新的质押和抵押业务。说明了典当业面临的外部的经营风险和市场风险,内部的评估风险和处置风险;典当市场的秩序混乱风险。指出只有合法经营,严格加强典当业的管理,加强风险控制,切实提高管理水平;完善绝当物品处置变现机制;加大人才培养力度,提高典当从业人员的业务素质。典当业才能有持续稳定健康的发展。     

典当业务创新探析

典当业务创新对行业长远健康发展具有重要影响。文章在对典当业观念创新和经营战略创新分析基础上,对典当业业务创新及其服务创新的具体措施进行了讨论。文章认为,典当业要树立以当户（客户）为中心的新观念;要明确当地市场定位,根据市场环境和竞争策略需要选择适合自己发展的经营模式。应从典当方式、典当工具和典当技术方面进行创新,将服务顾客理念贯穿经营管理全过程,在业务拓展、客户服务等各环节提供创新服务。     

典当与银行信贷的比较分析

典当在人类社会经济发展中有着悠久的历史。自1987年恢复典当业以来,我国典当业的发展取得了长足的进步,已成为我国金融体系的有益补充。随着金融改革的不断深化,如何加强典当业在金融体系中承担的金融功能,支持中小企业和三农发     

基于典当业的特点分析对选择目标客户的探讨

引言典当是个古老而又重新复苏的行业,典当作为现代金融业的鼻祖,在中国复出近二十年后,被誉为“第二银行”,其积极发挥着对主流金融业拾遗补缺的作用,一定程度上缓解了中小企业和广大百姓融资难的问题。但是现代典当业与早期的典当业的经济基础已经有很大的不同,服务的客户、基本业务也有很大的不同。随着银行越来越对中小客户的重视,典当业的发展受到了很大的制约。为了典当业有更大、更好的发展,本文拟通过对典当业特点的分析,探讨一下目标客户选择的问题,以期典当业能取得更大的利润。一、典当业的经济、社会基础(一)我国早期的典当业1.我国早期典当业的经济、社会基础早期的典当业是伴随着商品经济发展、货币借贷活动频繁而逐步发展起来的。从历史的发展过程来看,商品经济的发展导致了货币的产生,而货币流通发展到一定程度,又直接催生了专营货币借贷的典当业。因此商品经济的发展成为典当业产生的经济基础。早期典当行产生的社会基础是社会底层广大群众的需求。主要的客户则是位于社会底层的贫苦大众。典当业务大部分用于满足基本的生产、生活需要。2.早期典当业的行业特征早期典当行定位于正规金融机构,属于主流融资方式之一。在当时金融产品和金融服务严重缺乏的情况下,典当...     

关于典当业性质确立的探讨

从我国目前典当业实际出发,论述了典当在历史发展过程中的性质,梳理了我国现代典当性质的确定、反复,并随监管进行调整的现状:金融--企业--金融--企业--金融,探寻了出现反复的原因和带来的不良后果,援引国外典当定性的状况供中国参考,再从理论角度深入畅述典当的固有性质,论证典当的金融属性是本源的、决定性的,商业性是派生的、从属的。提出典当不能再重走过去监管的老路,从理论上思想上明确定性,在行为上坚持金融监管不动摇,为典当行业长期健康稳定发展奠定基础。     

全球适应性金融的气候正义问题研究

从某种意义来讲,当前全球的气候问题是人类社会在历史发展过程中排放大量温室气体所引发,而气候变化的后果却由很多没有享受到发展利益的国家来承担,因此全球气候变化风险本身就蕴含了气候正义问题。为了帮助此类国家应对气候风险,全球金融业提出了适应性金融（A daptive Finance）理念。虽然发达国家对发展中国家提供了一些金融支持,帮助其适应和度过应对气候风险变化期,但本文认为,在维护气候正义方面,适应性金融并没有完全彰显气候正义,在一些方面存在不足：发达国家金融支持落实欠缺导致补偿性正义难以实现;发展中国家在金融资源分配机制方面难以达成共识导致分配性正义难以实现;金融治理存在不完善导致过程性正义难以实现。最后,本文立足于气候正义的实现,对未来适应性金融的发展进行了展望。     

融资成本、融资替代与中国典当业的盈利波动——经验证据及理论解释

本文从企业融资成本的角度对金融危机后期以来中国典当业整体盈利状况的变化提供了可能的解释。利用实地调研数据和跨国文献资料,我们发现中国典当业具有迥异于其他经济体的特点,即中国的典当需求更多地来自于中小企业的投资需求,而非普通消费者的消费需求。基于此发现,我们借助一个企业融资行为模型,提出了对典当业盈利变化的一个解释:金融危机后的经济刺激政策从各方面降低了企业通过银行借贷的成本,而与此同时典当成本却具有刚性;作为合理的反应,企业自然偏向银行借贷而非典当融资;典当业因此大量失去企业的融资需求。而经济紧缩政策的作用恰好相反。宏观政策导向的变化和典当行业的盈利波动之间的关系印证了上述假说。     

规范我国民间金融,解决中小企业融资困境

长期以来,我国民间金融为中小企业的发展壮大提供了非常重要的金融支持,但是,民间金融却很难得到政府的认可和重视。而近年来随着我国民间金融的快速发展,资金链断裂、老板跑路的事件频频发生,引发了一定程度的金融和社会风险。本文通过分析我国民间金融发展过程中存在的问题,借鉴国外民间金融发展经验,提出具有针对性的对策建议。     

规范我国民间金融,解决中小企业融资困境

长期以来,我国民间金融为中小企业的发展壮大提供了非常重要的金融支持,但是,民间金融却很难得到政府的认可和重视。而近年来随着我国民间金融的快速发展,资金链断裂、老板跑路的事件频频发生,引发了一定程度的金融和社会风险。本文通过分析我国民间金融发展过程中存在的问题,借鉴国外民间金融发展经验,提出具有针对性的对策建议。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original