The Effect of Status on Charitable Giving

Fundraisers often start their campaigns by soliciting the wealthier, more recognized, and respected individuals in a community. We examine whether the success of this solicitation ordering in part can be attributed to the fact that it enables individuals to select organizations that have a high‐status donor base. Assuming that individuals prefer to associate with individuals of higher social ranking we use a simple linear model to show that both aggregate donations and earnings are larger when high‐status donors are solicited first. We investigate the predicted comparative statics using the experimental laboratory. Inducing a status differential we reverse the contribution ordering between participants of high and low status. Consistent with current fundraising practice, we find that low‐status followers are likely to mimic donations by high‐status leaders and this encourages high‐status leaders to give. Donations are therefore larger when individuals of high status give before rather than after those of low status.     

论社会捐赠的制度激励与保护——5·12汶川地震社会捐赠引发的思考

5·12汶川大地震的社会捐赠,因其捐赠主体范围广、捐赠额度大,受到社会各界的空前关注,也对我国现行社会捐赠制度设计进行了整体透视.在慈善事业相关立法、慈善组织管理体制、税收政策等诸多制度性缺陷充分显现的同时,慈善组织的公信力也面临着严峻考验.本文从完善社会捐赠相关立法、改变政府在慈善事业中的主导地位、建立慈善组织的评价、监督与信息披露机制,以及规范社会捐赠的税收政策等方面,提出了激励与保护社会捐赠,促进我国慈善事业健康发展的政策建议.     

A Coordination Game Model of Charitable Giving and Seed Money Effect

If potential donors for a charity project possess the warm‐glow properties in their preferences, we can represent their behavior with a coordination game. Accordingly, we construct a simultaneous incomplete information game model of charitable giving based on a simple global coordination game. We demonstrate that merely by the effect of seed money to shift the threshold requirement of the donations for project success downwards, the proportion of donors and the total amount of donations strictly and continuously increase with the amount of seed money. This result is partially compatible with the field experimental evidence in List and Lucking‐Reiley (2002).     

谁会更慈善？——基于竞争战略和慈善捐赠行为关系的研究

以企业竞争战略选择作为出发点,对不同企业的捐赠行为和动机进行了研究。研究发现,与保守型竞争战略定位的企业不同,进取型竞争战略定位的企业更倾向于慈善捐赠行为,幅度更明显。其中,企业违规次数具有正向调节效应、管理者的政治关联具有负向调节效应,由此可以部分说明进取型企业的慈善捐赠行为有一定伪善性,或者是在谋求有利于企业的政治关联性。     

三峡工程筹资模式分析

三峡工程具有巨大的外部性.其现有的筹资模式不能实现资源配置的帕累托最优和分配的公平,存在政府行为的政府成本-收益约束与社会成本-收益约束不对称、中央政府行为与地方政府行为的社会成本-收益约束不对称.三峡工程筹资渠道及筹资模式需要不断改进,移民补偿问题应引起特别关注.     

从效率优先到更加注重公平——改革开放以来我国在公平与效率关系上的演变

改革开放以来,我国在公平与效率关系的权衡上,经历了从公平优先→兼顾效率和公平→效率优先,兼顾公平→初次分配注重效率,再分配注重公平→更加注重公平的演变过程。     

教会医院与近代中国的慈善救济事业

教会医院是具有慈善性质的传教事业,它在产生之初即实行免费的慈善医疗。实行收费制度后,许多教会医院还实行多种形式的慈善医疗。与此同时,教会医院在疫病发生积极进行救济活动;战争期间,积极进行红十字救济。这些慈善救济活动虽有传教上的考虑,但在近代中国的慈善救济事业中扮演了重要角色,产生了积极的影响。     

慈善基金会的培育和发展研究

文章通过对慈善事业的发展过程研究,提出培育和发展慈善基金会的政策建议和运营建议,以推动这一利国利民的事业得到更大的发展,完善社会保障体系。     

A Field Experiment Involving Cash and Hypothetical Charitable Donations

An important focus for concern about Contingent Valuation (CV) is that hypothetical payments for non-market goods are biased upwards in comparison to cash payments. Lack of realism, through its influence on incentives to mis-report payments, may explain the divergence. This paper reports on a study which attempts to overcome this problem by emulating a real fund-raising solicitation by the Isle of Eigg Trust for both real and hypothetical donations. In contrast to previous results, the mean cash donation was higher (£3.71) than the man CV donation (£3.41). A third survey, which used a neutral CV design, implemented by a research organization, obtained a mean donation which was much higher (£6.21) than the cash equivalent.     

构筑新一轮的企业竞争优势

文章从新形势下实际应用的层面出发 ,阐述我国企业入世后竞争优势的来源和组成 ,借此以对我国企业在“入世”的前提条件下获取更大的竞争主动和能力优势 ,从而指导企业的竞争运作 ,为我国企业的发展和壮大确立新的竞争立足点。     

Giving overseas and public policy

Remarkable numbers of people give to overseas development charities. The aim of this paper is to consider how such overseas giving is best modelled and the implications for public policy. Widely used theories of charitable giving, based on warm-glow or the provision of public goods, provide insight but are not fully satisfactory as explanations of giving for the specific purpose of development. Instead, an “identification” approach to individual giving is proposed here that combines the results focus of the public goods formulation with the scale of the warm-glow model. The theoretical model is used to examine the implications for public policy, including the extent to which official aid crowds out private giving and how public policy should take account of private willingness to make charitable transfers overseas.     

A Theory of Congregational Giving

This paper proposes a model to explain a broad range of established empirical facts about giving and attendance rates in religious congregations. We treat the religious service collectively consumed by the congregation as a “participatory” public good, in the sense that while its quality increases in contributions, individual consumption varies by the amount of time devoted toward attendance. The model predicts that lower income individuals will be overrepresented in religious congregations, with giving concentrated among higher income members. Inclusive doctrine is shown to increase membership but reduce average giving and attendance, while “tithing” requirements reduce membership and increase total giving.     

Charitable Lottery Structure and Fund Raising: Theory and Evidence

Do fixed-prize charitable lotteries generate more net revenue than do revenue-dependent lotteries? I present the results of an experiment designed to test a theoretical prediction of the relationship between the prize structure of a lottery funding a public good and individuals' participation in the lottery. I find that a fixed-prize lottery configuration induces significantly greater participation and a significantly higher level of public good funding than does a revenue-dependent lottery.     

雾霾污染下的污染企业慈善捐赠行为研究

在中国慈善事业发展的进程中,污染企业正逐渐成为慈善捐赠的主力军。以2009-2016年A股污染类上市公司作为样本,基于制度理论研究了环境保护政策对污染企业社会责任行为的有效性,探讨了由雾霾引发的环境质量变化对污染企业的慈善捐赠行为的影响。研究发现:雾霾污染程度越大,污染企业开展慈善捐赠活动的可能性越低,并且捐赠投入会更少;污染企业的慈善捐赠行为不受政府环境规制压力的影响,重污染与非重污染企业在社会责任承担方面的表现没有明显差别;此外,污染企业无论是否受到环境规制均不会影响雾霾对其慈善捐赠行为的规避作用。上述结果表明,污染企业在雾霾污染持续加剧的情景下,反而会表现出逐渐弱化其社会责任行为的"异常"现象,相较于慈善捐赠带来的声誉效应(即"雪中送炭"),污染企业的慈善捐赠行为更多存在为减少公众关注(即"雪上加霜")的隐匿动机。同时,由于政府环保政策产生的管控压力不足,重污染企业未能被促使承担更多的社会责任。     

完善党的领导体制，改进党的执政方式

中国共产党具有８０年历史,经受过各种风浪考验,拥有６４００多万党员、５０多万县处级以上干部,是１９４９年以来长期执政、现在领导一个拥有１２亿多人口的社会主义大国的执政党、如何进一步把党建设好,更好地坚持、加强和改善党的领导,是我们必须正确回答的重大课题。本文就这些问题作了深入的探讨。     

Productivity and American Leadership

A Review of W. J. Baumol, S. A. B. Blackman and E. N. Wolff, Productivity and American Leadership: The Long View     

试论管理知识型员工的领导技能

文章回顾了知识型员工的概念和内涵,对管理和领导力的关系进行了辨析,在此基础上,讨论了管理知识型员工的领导技能:艾柯卡记分卡理论的灵活运用;基于员工特征的多样化管理风格;结合员工心理的实时管理。     

构建我国企业家慈善捐款管理运行的新机制

发达国家的慈善事业都有一套运行的机制,它们的捐款已经是日常化的活动,特别是一些大企业家,他们的捐款是一种自觉行为,带动了整个社会慈善捐款的潮流。我国的慈善捐款面临着很多问题,慈善捐款的机制不健全是最重要的因素。