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企业的同质性假设、异质性假设与企业所有权安排—两种企业治理观的经济学分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从企业行为特征的视点来分析两种不同的企业治理观。各种企业理论遵从不同的分析传统,形成了对企业行为特征的不同认识。新古典经济学遵从“完全竞争市场模型”范式,产生了企业的同质性假设,由此形成了股东单边治理逻辑;现代主流的企业契约理论由于坚持新古典的分析传统,得出了与新古典一致的企业治理观;企业能力理论重新关注了企业契约的“生产性”,产生了企业的异质性假设,由此可引出另一种企业治理即合作治理观。 相似文献
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企业作为一个生产经营单位,不具有实现生产经营活动所需的全部资源.因而,企业必须通过某种形式从外部获取一定的资源,而获取资源的方式和企业的性质相关.新古典经济学及交易费用理论在企业同质性假设下,认为所得资源具有可交易性,企业获取所有资源的方式完全是通过市场交易.而企业能力理论在企业异质性假设下,认为形成企业核心能力的关键性资源是非交易的,不能通过市场取得,因而资源的获取主要是通过网络组织实现资源的跨企业流动. 相似文献
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科学总离不开一些基本的前提假设.经济学的基本假设最能体现经济学的哲学方法论.人性的假设是解释经济现象和经济活动的基本出发点,是经济理论体系赖以建立和展开逻辑分析的基石.自从"经济人"假设提出以来,关于"经济人"争论之波此起彼伏.限于篇幅,在本文中,笔者只讨论亚当·斯密与马克思对于"人性假设"的分析. 相似文献
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异质性企业假定下的新新贸易理论,打破了传统贸易理论和新贸易理论关于企业同质性的假定,将新经济地理学模型引入到微观异质企业贸易模型,分别从转移动因和转移路径两个方面解释了企业异质性对企业国际转移的影响。本文梳理了不同贸易理论对企业国际转移的研究路径及最新研究进展,对比和评析了相关研究假定、方法及结论,并试图对未来的研究方向和思路提出新的认识。 相似文献
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超越契约理论--演化论视角的企业理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
企业的契约理论围绕交易成本概念解释了企业的存在、边界和内部组织,但严重忽视了企业的技术和生产功能,演化经济学的企业理论通过研究企业内知识的产生、传播和利用过程,以及组织与个人的交互学习,不仅重新解释了企业的存在、边界和内部组织问题,还研究了契约理论未触及的企业异质性、竞争优势和企业家等问题. 相似文献
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异质性企业假定下的新新贸易理论,打破了传统贸易理论和新贸易理论关于企业同质性的假定,将新经济地理学模型引入到微观异质企业贸易模型,分别从转移动因和转移路径两个方面解释了企业异质性对企业国际转移的影响。本文梳理了不同贸易理论对企业国际转移的研究路径及最新研究进展,对比和评析了相关研究假定、方法及结论,并试图对未来的研究方向和思路提出新的认识。 相似文献
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在全球经济一体化的21世纪,在企业与利益各方关系备受重视的今天,选择道德经营假设是企业实现长期可持续发展的基本前提。而在此经营假设基础上,企业面临着如何恰当地选择多种经营目标的问题。文章根据企业生命周期理论,结合各经营目标的自身特征,分析企业在各个生命周期阶段应采用的相应经营目标,以期达到最优的组合,为企业发展的经营决策提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本文在回顾企业理论演进史的基础上.比较与评述了各流派企业本质理论的主要观点。本文认为,各流派对企业本质的认识,从分析与讨论的焦点来看,集中体现为生产、交易与契约3个概念;而从认识与方法论来看.主要包括分工、交易成本与熊彼特传统3个角度。因此,对企业本质的认识还远未结束。 相似文献
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应用复杂性科学理论对高科技企业成长机制进行了研究,初步建立了高科技企业系统成长的要素层次模型及复杂适应模型,揭示了高科技企业成长的运行机理,指出高科技企业成长是外部动力和内部要素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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Codification,Abstraction, and Firm Differences: A Cognitive Information-based Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Synopsis The resource-based view shares with population ecology, organizational systematics, organizational cladistics, and institutional
theory a concern with why firms differ and with what keeps them different. These two questions only have meaning if – as has
been the case in the eoclassical theory of the firm – similarities between firms are taken as the default assumption. This
paper distinguishes between ontological heterogeneity – differences in the world – and epistemic heterogeneity – differences
in the way that the world is construed. Focusing on the latter, it puts forward an argument for taking epistemic heterogeneity
between firms as the default assumption. It starts with a general analysis of how living systems make sense of the world.
It then goes on to identify the cognitive activities of codification and abstraction as key sources of epistemic heterogeneity.
The findings are applied to those systems called firms where a dominant logic allows epistemic heterogeneity to persist. In
some case this leads to competitive advantage, in others to a debilitating inertia. The implications for a knowledge-based
theory of the firm are briefly explored. 相似文献
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Modem innovation theory holds that the choice of production technique and technical porgress are unseparable activities so that technological progress can be described as localized. Based on this conception one has to expect an intra-sectoral firm heterogeneity in the production techniques applied and the technical efficiency achieved which contrasts to the presumption of intra-sectoral homogeneity as suggested by neoclassical theory. For measuring intra-industry heterogeneity an empirical tool is required which does not rest on the assumption of homogeneity, i.e. on a common production function for all firms under consideration. The method which does not require this assumption, Data Envelopment Analysis, is non-parametric, allows for firm-specific production functions and helps to determine differences in both technical efficiency and production technique applied. This tool is introduced in its basic formulation, its main features are discussed on ihe basis of modern innovation theory, and an empirical analysis for the German machinery, electronics and chemical industry is presented. 相似文献
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作为解释企业边界问题的主流分析工具,资产专用性理论不能对当前企业实践以厦经验研究的结论提供合理解释,因此需要重新审视。本文从机会主义假设、生产、资产专用性、交易成本性质、不确定性、交易分析单位六个方面详细论述了该理论的局限性,并从不同角度对通用——费舍公司并购案例进行了重新分析和解释,试图为审视企业边界问题增加一些“着眼点”。 相似文献
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为研究的方便,"经济人"假定中不包括人的情感动机使得很多现象不能用经济学理论解释。事实上,情感动机的加入可以完善"经济人"的假定,同时,不改变经济学分析的基本方法,成功的意识形态还可以有效地减少交易费用。 相似文献
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The present paper examines the impact of different aid types, namely project aid, program aid, technical assistance, and food aid on the fiscal sector of the aid‐recipient economy by using time‐series data for Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1975–99. Our empirical results show that when a single value (or aggregated) for aid is used, foreign aid is fully consumed in the case of Côte d’Ivoire. However, results obtained under the assumption of aid heterogeneity clearly suggest that the government responds differently according to the nature of the aid inflows. Our approach tries to illuminate the response of the aid‐recipient government to different categories of foreign aid inflows and the empirical findings clearly demonstrate the importance of the aid disaggregation approach for delving deeper into aid effectiveness issues. 相似文献
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对公司股东与利益相关者的比较研究--一个契约理论的扩展分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
主流的企业契约或契约连接点理论对解释现代公司提供了一个具有说服力的规范性理由,尤其在与股东的关系方面.但契约理论本身并没有具体要求其研究的主体必须是股东还是利益相关者.更有甚者,该理论允许任何处于契约连接点的各方通过相互同意所达成的经济组织方式.本文通过对该理论的一个简单扩展,对股东和利益相关者作了进一步的比较,其结论可以缓解我们对这二者之间对立性的认识,并对现实的公司具体的激励机制设计有所帮助. 相似文献
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Frances Woolley 《Feminist Economics》2013,19(2):1-21
John Rawls's solution to the problem of justice between generations is premised on the idea that “a generation cares for its immediate descendants, as fathers say care for their sons” (John Rawls 1971: 288, emphasis added). This paper brings mothers into the Rawlsian social contract. I argue that, when children have more than one parent, there is a contradiction between the assumption of concern for descendants, which underpins Rawls's account of justice between generations, and the mutual disinterest assumption, which characterizes parties negotiating in the “original position.” Concern for descendants creates connections within generations as well as across generations. The critique is internal and nonradical, but its implications are subversive. It demonstrates that an “add women and stir” liberal feminist reworking of Rawls's theory cannot be successful; bringing sexual reproduction out of the realm of nature and into the social contract necessitates a radical reconstruction of Rawls's theory. 相似文献