外币专门借款费用资本化会计处理分析

外币专门借款是指为购建固定资产而专门借入的外币款项。外币专门借款费用主要包括外币专门借款利息和汇兑差额。外币专门借款费用资本化也就包括外币专门借款利息的资本化和外币专门借款汇兑差额的资本化。我国目前《企业会计准则》对上述两方面资本化的会计处理原则是不同的。在借款费用允许资本化的期间内，     

借款费用资本化公式的应用

借款费用资本化，是指在固定资产购建过程中的借款费用，在符合规定的条件下，可以将借款费用计入固定资产的购建成本。借款费用资本化的一个主要问题是借款费用资本化金额的确定。借款费用资本化金额，应当与固定资产购建过程中发生的资产支出相挂钩。对于那些已经用于固定资产购建支出的专门借款费用应予以资本化，计入在建工程成本；对于那些专门借款已经发生，但尚未用于固定资产购建的专门借款利息，说明企业筹资安排与工程进度用款不相配套，所发生的利息作为财务费用，计入当期损益，不予资本化。在《企业会计准则——借款费用》中，…     

《借款费用》准则差异分析

一、新旧《借款费用》准则的比较(一)扩大了借款费用资本化的资产范围。原准则规定的资本化范围仅为固定资产。新准则则包括固定资产、需要相当长时间才能达到可销售状态的存货以及投资性房地产等。(二)扩大了可予资本化的借款范围。原准则规范的范围仅为专门借款;新准则规定,除了专门借款外,借款企业与金融机构签订的一般借款也可资本化。     

财政部会计准则委员会秘书处借款费用会计准则答问

《企业会计准则──借款费用》(下称借款费用准则)已经财政部发布，并自2001年1月1日起在全部企业施行。何为借款费用？借款费用准则主要规范了哪些内容?符合哪些条件的借款费用才能资本化?等等。本文拟对此作简要回答。 一、借款费用准则规范的内容有哪些?借款费用是指企业因借款而发生的利息、折价或溢价的摊销和辅助费用，以及因外币借款而发生的汇兑差额。借款费用准则主要规范借款费用的会计核算和相关信息的披露，具体规定了借款费用的概念、借款费用资本化的原则、借款费用资本化金额的确定、开始资本化、暂停资本化、停止资本化的条…     

专门借款利息资本化计算方法探讨

新会计准则在关于专门借款费用资本化的计算方面有了新的规定。旧借款费用准则只允许专门借款所发生的利息费用中与固定资产支出相挂钩部分的专门借款利息费用资本化,因此需要通过计算累计资产支出加权平均数和所占用专门借款加权平均利率来计算确定借款利息资本化金额。新借款费用准则规定,为购建或者生产符合资本化条件的资产而借入的专门借款,应当以专门     

企业购建固定资产计价探析

财政部颁布施行的《企业财务通则》和《企业会计准则》都对企业购建固定资产的计价作出了规定。《通则》第十七条规定：“在建工程支出是指为购建固定资产或者对固定资产进行技术改造在固定资了产交付使用以前而发生的支出”。购建或技改的固定资产计价是以交付使用时间为界确定，交付使用前的有关费用计入固定资产价值，之后的计入当期损益。《准则）｝第三十条规定：“在固定资产尚未交付使用或者已投入使用但尚未办理竣工决算之前发生的固定资产的借款利息和有关费用，以及外币借款的汇兑差额，应当计入固定资产价值；在此之后发生的借款…     

谈谈借款费用资本化

《准则》第30条、《通则》第11条和第35条规定,负债利息和汇兑损益,如与购建固定资产或者无形资产有关的,在资产尚未交付使用或者虽已交付使用但尚未办理竣工决算以前,应计入购建资产的价值。这实际上就是国际会计准则上所说的借款费用资本化。所谓借款费用资本化,是指购置某些资产而借入的款项,其借款费用(包括借款利息收支、汇兑损益)计入所购置资产或无形资产历史成本的会计处理方法。要正确掌握这一方法,应明确以下几点:     

借款费用中利息费用的核算探究

<正>企业为扩张,会进行基础设施建设、无形资产研发等筹建工作,必然会需要资金支持,借款融资是企业获得资金的一种主要方式,取得借款的同时也产生了借款费用,《企业会计准则第17号——借款费用》(以下简称借款费用准则)中的借款费用是企业因借入资金所付出的代价,它包括借款利息、折价或溢价的摊销、辅助费用以及因外币借款而发生的汇兑差额等。     

借款利息资本化计算方法探讨

我国《企业会计准则——借款费用》规定，专门借款利息开始资本化应同时具备三个条件：(1)资产支出已经发生；(2)借款费用已经发生；(3)为使资产达到预定可使用状态的购建活动已经开始。当所购建的固定资产达到预定可使用状态时，应当停止其借款费用资本化。因此，专门借款利息资本化金额的计算只涉及借款费用开始资本化至停止资本化这段期间，     

会计制度和会计准则中需要明确的几个问题

一、与金融机构签订的流动资金周转借款用于固定资产建设时所发生的借款费用应资本化还是费用化?企业在建设房屋、设备等固定资产而向金融机构借款时,为降低借款费用,通常与金融机构签订流动资金周转借款,期限为半年。从形式上讲,企业与金融机构签订的是流动资金周转借款,所发生的借款费用应予费用化,记入“财务费用“科目;从实质上讲,企业所筹集款项用于固定资产建设,应予资本化,记入“在建工程“科目。那么,此项借款费用到底应该资本化还是费用化?从上面提供的实例可以看出,     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…