浅议粮食流通立法需要解决的主要问题和拟设立的主要制度

<正>党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出了总体国家安全观,明确了国家安全战略方针,为保障国家粮食安全提供了行动指南。粮食流通一头连接粮食生产,一头连接居民消费,是粮食生产和消费的桥梁纽带,是粮食安全的重要环节。随着我国经济发展进入新常态,粮食形势也呈现出新的阶段性特征,影响安全发展的深层次矛盾日益凸显,粮食流通领域面临发     

构建新形势下粮食安全体系的思考

我国实行粮食市场化改革后,粮食生产、销售、储备以及管理都发生了新的变化,这些变化使我国的粮食安全面临许多新问题。粮食安全直接关系到社会稳定和国家安全,探索粮食安全体系的构建,对社会经济的发展和稳定具有现实意义。     

论优质稻规模经营模式创新的“新津经验”

在经济新常态下,粮食安全也进入新常态,在保障粮食数量安全的同时保障粮食质量安全的要求不断提高,迫切需要以质量为前导推动产业转型升级。新津县在种粮主体快速分化的背景下以发展优质稻为重点,走优质稻订单生产为核心的粮食产业结构优化升级之路,不仅形成了"产销协同四方联动"的粮食安全助推模式,更为破解当前粮食安全产销矛盾提供了有益经验。     

对近期与中长期中国粮食安全的再认识

粮食安全始终是国家经济、社会稳定与发展的基础,突如其来的新冠疫情在影响中国与全球经济发展的同时,也引起社会各界对粮食安全问题的广泛关注。本文分析了中国粮食安全保障现况、近期各界关注粮食安全的主要问题和未来面临的挑战,并预测中长期主要粮食供需变动趋势。分析表明,近期和中长期中国口粮绝对安全,未来饲料粮(玉米和大豆等)进口将逐渐增长以保障国内畜产品的供给安全;而笼统的粮食安全概念往往误导社会各界和政府。口粮安全、饲料或畜产品安全是中国粮食安全已至食物安全的关键问题。最后,本文提出保障国家粮食安全的相关政策建议。     

世界粮食安全形势与我国粮食安全对策

近年来，世界粮食供求形势急剧变化。保障粮食安全已经成为各国特别是发展中国家日益关注的重大政治、经济和社会问题。我国是人口大国，也是粮食生产与粮食消费大国，密切注视世界粮食安全形势的发展变化，把握世界粮食安全的发展规律，制定相应的对策，保障我国粮食安全，是实现社会经济快速、稳定发展的迫切需要。一、世界粮食安全状况1995年以来，世界粮食形势十分严峻。虽然还没有明显的迹象表明近期会出现类似1972—1974年的世界性粮食危机，但据联合国粮农组织预测，在今后相当长的一段时间内，世界粮食产量不会有太多的增长，因而世…     

经济新常态下粮食安全问题思考

经济新常态下,针对我国粮食安全问题,要做到未雨绸缪,防止因为在吃饭这样的基本民生问题上出纰漏而引发社会动荡。粮食安全是一项重要的民生工作,关系到社会的稳定,为此,本文立足国家"三农"政策的制定与实施,对经济新常态下我国粮食安全问题展开分析。     

适应新常态 粮食新作为

<正>2014年中央经济工作会议明确,认识新常态,适应新常态,引领新常态,是当前和今后一个时期我国经济发展的大逻辑。新常态下蕴含着新机遇和新挑战。虽然我国取得了粮食生产"十一连增",但在经济下行压力下,粮食领域也在悄然发生着改变。新常态下,粮食安全如何保障?粮食市场有何特点?粮食行业当如何作为?本期专题与您共同加以探讨。     

浅谈转变生产方式,促进粮食安全

我国经济发展进入新常态,农业处于由传统农业向现代农业发展,回顾粮食生产的丰硕成果是付出了资源和生态的很大代价,使农业资源偏紧、生态环境恶化、产出率低、产品优质率不高、经济效益不佳。为保障经济社会稳定发展,国家提出要稳粮增收,提质增效,挖掘新的粮食生产潜力,转变生产方式,向科技要粮就成为新常态下粮食安全的战略取向。我们围绕以科技为核心,人才为关键,服务为保障,全面推进粮食安全战略发展。     

关于加大粮食产业信贷支持的思考

粮食安全问题不单是一个经济问题,同时也是一个影响社会稳定、关系国计民生的政治问题.从中长期看,我国面临人口增加、耕地减少、水资源短缺等多重压力,粮食消费需求呈刚性增长,而粮食稳步增产的难度却逐步增大,粮食供需将长期处于紧平衡状态.作为国家政策性银行的农发行,在支持粮食生产、保障国家粮食安全方面任务艰巨、意义深远.     

自由贸易下我国粮食安全问题初研

我国是人口大国和农业大国,粮食安全是国家安全的基础和保障。在世界多元化、经济全球化的背景下,要解决和保障粮食安全问题的压力很大。一方面我国的粮食生产迎来了新的发展机遇,另一方面,我国的粮食安全又面临着新的挑战。文章分析了自由贸易对我国粮食安全的影响,进而得出在当前较短的时间内,把国内供给作为确保粮食安全的主要途径,把粮食进口作为确保粮食安全的辅助,既要通过参与国际自由贸易互通有无,减轻粮食需求压力,以确保我国粮食市场的安全与稳定。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.