改革矿产资源补偿费征管之我见

文章通过对我国现行资源补偿费征管制度存在的问题以及改革必要性和可行性的研究分析,提出了我国矿产资源补偿费征管改革的建议,即改革补偿费的征收方式,实行分类分级征收管理方式;完善矿产资源补偿费收益分配比例和支出结构;调整资源补偿费费率,实行与资源利用水平挂钩的浮动费率制。     

矿产资源补偿费费率调整与征收细化研究

矿产资源补偿费调整与征收细化研究背景是:矿产资源管理处于转型和调整阶段,矿产资源补偿费改革亟待加快步伐。部分矿产资源资源补偿费费率研究成果是:参考国外权利金费率和国内规模以上企业平均销售利润,提出了矿产资源补偿费费率调整的两种方案,测算分析了对行业和企业的影响,在此基础上,提出了费率调整建议。     

关于改革矿产资源补偿费费率管理制度的探讨——提高煤炭石油基本费率并建立浮动费率制度的研究

矿产资源补偿费征收管理是矿产资源国家所有权权益的经济体现,也是矿产资源有偿使用的一项重要制度。文章分析概括了我国现行费率的相关规定,指出目前费率管理存在的主要问题:一是补偿费费率偏低,现行固定费率制度,难以根据市场状况及时调整;二是费率没有与资源利用水平相结合,没有起到促进提高资源回采率的杠杆作用。在此基础上,文章以石油和煤炭行业为例,对建立浮动费率制度进行了初步的测算分析。     

关于矿产资源税费制度改革的探讨

文章根据国内外学者的矿产资源税费理论观点以及目前我国矿产资源税费征收在实践操作过程中存在的问题,提出矿产资源补偿费在征收上应体现级差地租;矿产资源税费的制定要符合国家政策,并随着国家政策和经济形势的变化而调整;同时,对不同矿种的矿产资源补偿费费率的制定提出了建议。     

中国矿产资源收益体系的反思与重构

矿产资源作为不可再生的稀缺资源,对国民经济发展和国家安全具有重要意义。我国矿产资源税费体系虽然已经建立,但是,仍然存在国家所有者权益地位不突出、重复征收造成的矿业企业负担过重等问题。对于现行矿产资源收益体系的反思：矿产资源补偿费未能成为国家矿产资源所有权人的主要收益形式;资源税与资源补偿费发生重合,混淆了国家所有者权利与政治国家权力;价款异化,混淆了国家的资源资产权益与国家参与投资活动的资本权益。我国矿产资源收益体系的重构：改变称谓,变资源补偿费为权利金;协调资源税与权利金;价款制度还原于矿产资源收益体系之外。     

矿产资源补偿费征收研究述评及其对管理的启示

矿产资源补偿费的征收有利于维护矿产资源国家所有的财产权益,创建矿山企业公平竞争环境,实现矿产资源的集约与高效利用。国内研究主要聚焦于矿产资源税费关系优化、矿产资源补偿费征收设计、矿产资源补偿费征收管理等。我国矿产资源补偿费的征收研究还需进一步明确界定税费关系、规范计征对象、丰富细化计征方式及注重保护资源环境。     

从矿产资源有偿使用角度谈矿权资产管理

矿产资源有偿使用主要体现在有偿取得矿权和征收资源补偿费两方面。矿权的有偿取得及许可在一定条件下转让,在一定程度上为我国建立和完善矿产资源有偿使用制度奠定了法律基础。在矿产资源有偿使用制度中,以矿权的有偿流转制度为主。矿权资产管理的具体步骤为:①产权登记;②价值评估;③管理经营。矿权资产管理中应注意和有待完善的问题包括:①储量管理与评审;②建立矿产资源资产和价值的动态核算体系,为矿权资产管理提供基础支撑;③矿山企业应具有矿权资产维权意识;④应加强矿权市场建设;⑤加强资源补偿费、矿权价款的使用过程的监管;⑥国家在进行矿产资源资产管理的同时应注意矿产资源管理的强化。     

论矿产资源补偿费和矿产资源税

本文根据我国矿产资源国情,论述了征收矿产资源补偿费的必要性和矿产资源税、费的不同内涵,认为不能采取税费合一的办法征收;矿产资源补偿费征之于矿用之于矿,不断扩大矿产资源储备量,保证矿业的持续发展。     

矿产资源有偿开采中若干问题的思考

本文认为，我国矿产资源从无偿开采转变为有偿开采，无疑是正确的、必要的，但目前有关交纳资源税和资源补偿费方面，与有一些问题值得深入探讨和进一步完善。文章就开发矿产资源时的超额利润、资源税的征收对象、资源补偿丰度性质、征收资源补偿费与地勘行业改革的＂三化＂方针相矛盾等问题作了简要的论述、提出了看法。     

浅论矿产资源补偿费征收的阻力与对策

文章作者分析论迷了矿产资源补偿费征收工作中遇到的主、客观方面的困难、问题和阻力，并提出了加强矿产资源补偿费征收入库工作的建议和对策。     

主食生产工业化与膳食消费现代化

由传统社会向现代社会转型,一个必然趋势就是:主食生产方式趋向工业化,膳食消费方式趋向现代化.前者是指,在发扬我国传统主食优秀文化的基础上,采用现代科学营养原理和先进技术装备,进行规模化生产,提供标准化、方便化、安全化、营养化的主食品.     

A new professionalism for agricultural research for development

There have been repeated calls for a ‘new professionalism’ for carrying out agricultural research for development since the 1990s. At the centre of these calls is a recognition that for agricultural research to support the capacities required to face global patterns of change and their implications on rural livelihoods, requires a more systemic, learning focused and reflexive practice that bridges epistemologies and methodologies. In this paper, we share learning from efforts to mainstream such an approach through a large, multi-partner CGIAR research program working in aquatic agricultural systems. We reflect on four years of implementing research in development (RinD), the program’s approach to the new professionalism. We highlight successes and challenges and describe the key characteristics that define the approach. We conclude it is possible to build a program on a broader approach that embraces multidisciplinarity and engages with stakeholders in social-ecological systems. Our experience also suggests caution is required to ensure there is the time, space and appropriate evaluation methodologies in place to appreciate outcomes different to those to which conventional agricultural research aspires.     

建立生态补偿机制的财政政策研究

生态补偿机制是为了控制环境破坏而建立的约束制度,包括生态补偿类型,生态补偿方式,生态补偿责任,生态补偿法规、制度、政策等。黑龙江省建立生态补偿机制面临着缺乏法律保障、排污费征收标准过低、环境违法处罚标准过低,企业将环境治理成本转嫁给政府等问题。根据黑龙江省的情况,建立生态补偿机制应遵循市场经济规律、完善相关财政政策和保障措施,惟如此,才能对落实科学发展观,构建环境友好型社会,实现人与自然和谐发展起到积极的推动作用。     

Agents for diffusion of agricultural innovations for environmental outcomes

In New Zealand, local governments are tasked with both sustainably managing natural resources and supporting adoption of practices and technologies for environmental outcomes. Unfortunately, farmers in New Zealand lack trust in advice on environmental performance provided by local governments. Hence, local governments may seek to partner with others to disseminate information about environmentally friendly practices and technologies to farmers. Empirical evidence indicates that New Zealand farmers are more likely to adopt new practices after seeing them successfully demonstrated; therefore, local government would do well to partner with those who have tried the practices themselves and those with large farmer networks. In this paper, we use unique survey data to identify the characteristics of such “innovators” and “connectors”. We also identify the characteristics of individuals who trust environmental information provided by local governments. We find that sex, age, education level, financial robustness, farm size, and the number of distinct land uses are correlated with both innovativeness and connectedness. However, among these characteristics, only education and financial robustness predict trust in environmental information provided by local governments.     

Land administration for housing production: An approach for assessment

The integration of land administration processes and the collaboration of land agencies are considered essential for the effective delivery of developable land for housing production. The research upon which this paper is based investigates the interrelationship across land administration functions and between different levels of government in the management and delivery of land for housing production. It focuses on land management policies, land administration processes, and spatial data infrastructure, as they are related to housing production. The study starts from the premise that inadequate integration across land administration functions and between different levels of government impedes land delivery for housing production. Against this background, an assessment framework is proposed as a tool to assess the levels of integration. The parameters for the development of the framework are based on the extensive literature of past and present initiatives which focused on enhancing inter-agency collaboration. It is also supported by interviews with land agencies in the case study areas – Australia and Nigeria – to aggregate the common themes as observed in the literature. The assessment framework was evaluated through selected government departments and agencies. With this approach, the assessment framework develops into the land administration integration assessment matrix. The key consideration of the matrix is to assess the depth of inter-agency relationship ranging from information sharing to consultation, coordination of activities, joint management, partnership arrangement and formal merger of organisations.     

退耕农户长期生计分析

以陕西、青海两省4个县15个村400个退耕农户为研究对象,通过20年的成本效益分析,探讨了退耕还林对农户生计的长期影响,预测了退耕后林草产品的产出、价格和农产品产量,分析了样本农户退耕前后在土地利用、种植结构、收入和成本结构等方面的变化,对林草产品价格、退耕补助、毁林复耕等因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:在预测的价格和产出水平上,退耕提高了样本农户的收入水平。从长期看,退耕农户面临自然、技术和市场风险。要实现中国政府的生态建设目标,决策者应关注退耕农户尤其是退耕地比例高的农户的长期生计。     

Agriculture for development: new paradigm and options for success

The role of agriculture as an instrument for industrialization had been rigorously conceptualized in the 1960s and 1970s under the classical paradigm of development economics. After many implementation failures under import substitution industrialization policies and protracted neglect of agriculture under the policies of the Washington Consensus that followed the debt crisis, agriculture has gradually returned in the development agenda, especially with the food crisis. We argue in this article that a new paradigm has started to emerge as to how to use agriculture for development, pursuing a broadened development agenda. We explore the specifications of this paradigm and discuss conditions for successful implementation.     

Empowering change for sustainable agriculture: the need for participation

Sustainable agricultural development (SAD) requires empowerment and engagement of all actors in the agricultural production and supply chain to enable change. This paper proposes a novel framework for Participatory Sustainable Agricultural Development (PSAD) that distinguishes four main classes of factors that influence participation in SAD: environmental, economic, social and governance-related. The factors in each of these classes are analysed in relation to their effect over time, on the basis of 49 SAD programmes reported in the literature. Findings show that the social factors of engagement and empowerment, not often addressed in existing SAD programmes, are of significant influence to effect over time, as are the environmental factors of food safety, and the economic factors of production and capacity development. As such this paper shows that in in addition to the well-acknowledged need for knowledge and skills related to food safety, production and capacity development, SAD programmes also need to address the social factors of engagement and empowerment to enable sustainable change over time for SAD through participation.