民营化与政府规制:公用事业改革的路径选择

公用事业改革的基本问题在于政府是否应该介入其中,政府应该在什么样的条件下持有所有权以及进行民营化.中国公用事业民营化与发达国家的民营化有区别.文章在把握我国公用事业民营化的基本特征的基础上,进一步从公用事业的性质、政府规制的制度性效益缺失等角度,揭示了良好的政府规制是公用事业民营化改革成功的关键.因此,要对我国政府规制所出现的问题进行有效地改革,以更好地完善公用事业民营化进程中的政府规制体制.     

公用事业民营化:理论盲点与政策建议

中国公用事业民营化改革有其深刻的现实与理论背景。对公用事业民营化的理论研究与实践探索,是一个认识逐步深入的过程。目前在公用事业公有民营与民有民营、民营化与市场效率改善、价格管制的“信息悖论”、改革中的利益协调问题等方面缺乏研究,存在理论盲点。这些问题不解决,会阻碍民营化的进程、影响民营化的效果。中国公用事业民营化改革应该是一个从公有民营到民有民营的渐进过程,自由交易权是民营化改革成功的制度保证,政府制度改革是民营化改革的政治基础,协调各方利益是民营化改革成功的关键。     

网络型公用事业民营化中的政府承诺问题

我国网络型公用事业民营化改革尚处于初级阶段,目前绝大多数公用事业仍处于国有垄断经营.要成功地吸引民营投资者的投资,关键是政府要在合同期内履行合同承诺.而我国历来是一个政府主导型国家,地方政府权力较大,这使得政府承诺置信性易受到削弱,因而公用事业民营化改革,除形成对民营投资者准入、收费、质量等各方面的规制条款外,最关键要建立一套完整的法律监督体系.     

城市公用事业运营模式改革:以上海为例的研究

公用事业市场化、民营化改革是理论界探讨的重要问题。走在城市公用事业改革前沿的上海，其城市公用事业的发展改革历程、所存在的不足及运营模式探索是一项很有研究价值的课题。本文主要从上海城市公用事业的市场化改革案例来深入分析我国城市公用事业运营模式的改革实践。提出当前应大力推进公用事业的民营化进程；在完善公私合作制的过程中确立多元投融资模式；加快政府职能转变和合理定位；打破垄断，积极培育多元化的城市公用事业市场体系，实现有效竞争等一系列建议。     

公用事业民营化的六大模式

当前,从中央到各地方政府都纷纷出台了鼓励非公有资本投资公用事业的政策,公用事业民营化引起各界的高度关注。可以预料,公用事业民营化即将在我国形成一个高潮,而公用事业民营化的模式也成了企业关注的一个重要问题。这里概括了六种最主要和最常用的模式。     

城市供水民营化的思考

当前,各国政府在公用事业领域普遍采取了民营化的改革措施。民营化倡导非公共部门替代公共部门承担社会公共产品和服务的供给功能,借以提升公共产品和服务的品质和质量。民营化背景下,政府对城市供水的管制手段和方式发生了明显变化,而供水事业管制的价值内核是公共利益的维护和保障。本文着眼于城市供水民营化改革在我国方兴未艾的现实情况,从城市供水现状入手,分析了城市供水民营化的意义和问题,提出了我国城市供水民营化的思路。     

民营化:基于转型经济的中国视角

转型经济的一个重要任务是国有企业的民营化。文章深入分析转型经济背景下我国民营化的发展空间,认为在我国经济转型的过程中,民营化在国有经济战略调整、国有企业改革、经营领域放开、金融改革中的不良资产处置、公用事业等层面面临着巨大的发展空间,并通过对西方国家民营化实践的研究,积极借鉴国外经验,构建良好的政策法律环境,规范民营化进程,保障民营化的顺利运行。     

我国城市公用事业的民营化浪潮及风险

我国的城市公用事业目前普遍面临着效率低下的问题．民营化成了许多地方想当然的选择．但也由此产生一系列问题。本文试图通过对民营化的背景及其兴起的原因．以及可能带来的负效应分析．阐述城市公用事业民营化需要一定的政策、法律及相关环境的配套的现实因素．让人们能在民营化的优劣争论与实践中更清楚地认清目前我国城市公用事业民营化的风险。     

网络型公用事业的规制改革与民营化:市场结构与产权结构的互动

网络型公用事业的规制改革与民营化问题成为理论和现实关注的焦点，但理论和实践容易走向单纯依靠放松规制、全面引入竞争，通过市场结构的转变或单纯依靠产权改革和民营化，通过产权结构的转变以达到改革的目的两种极端，使改革难以达到预期的效果或导致改革失败。本文试图把市场结构与产权结构结合起来，将二者纳入一个框架内分析其互动关系，从理论上为我国经济转轨期的网络型公用事业规制改革和民营化提出政策建议。     

城市公用事业民营化改革的政府视角困境与化解

一、城市公用事业民营化改革中的政府责任 长期以来，我国城市公用事业运营采取了政府投资建设、财政补贴运营、国有企业垄断经营的模式。由于这种经营模式缺乏竞争、有效的责任机制和利润刺激，导致城市公用事业领域机构臃肿、效率低下、亏损严重，城市公用事业领域成为近年来公众投诉举报、抨击最猛烈的领域，     

Privatization in Eastern Europe

This paper considers the process of transition from state owned enterprises to the market situation. It also presents a model of transition. In particular, it analyzes various systems of carrying out privatization, such as the voucher system, self-management of enterprises, spontaneous privatization, creation of financial intermediaries, and public organizations. The second part of the paper deals with the effects of privatization on the public budget.     

Staged privatization: A market process with multistage lockups

Most privatizations around the world take the form of staged privatization with multistage lockups and step-by-step unlocking of shares. A lockup prevents the shares of a company from being sold to the public for a specified or unspecified period of time. This paper presents a theory and provides empirical evidence for staged privatization under market forces. The theory is based on a specification of a lockup effect on demand, where the existence of this lockup effect is shown by our empirical analysis. With this theory, we can analyze how various factors, such as the lockup effect, demand elasticity, growth potential and business fluctuations, affect staged privatization, in particular, the equilibrium speed of privatization. Our paper is the first to analyze a market-oriented, multistage privatization process, instead of a fully government-controlled or centrally planned process. Interestingly, staged privatization resembles initial public offerings (IPOs). Hence, our study can shed light on IPOs from a unique angle. Our empirical analysis provides evidence in support of our theoretical findings.     

民营化:公共事业改革的新路径

20世纪下半叶以来,伴随着世界范围内声势浩大的行政改革浪潮,公共部门民营化异军突起。当前,这股民营化浪潮已波及并影响到我国公共事业的改革,成为推进我国公共事业改革的一条重要路径。本文分析了我国公共事业民营化的必要性,并进一步指出了民营化过程中需要加以注意的问题。     

Effects of Government Spending on the Current Account with Endogenous Time Preference

This paper extends a previous model to set up a small open economy with perfect capital mobility, and examines the effects of an unanticipated permanent rise in public spending on the optimal rates of private consumption and the current account. The novelty of the paper is consideration of the relationship between private and public consumption in the household's utility function as well as endogenous rates of time preference. It is found that the key factor determining the adjustment patterns of private consumption and the current account is the marginal utility of private consumption and of public spending, which results from endogenous recursive preferences.     

公共服务民营化的目标原则与政策供给

我国公共服务民营化目前还处在起步和探索阶段,推进其健康发展就要制定明确的目标、原则与相应的政策支持来进行战略布局,使公共服务民营化在政府规制的模式下,以准市场制度环境蓬勃发展,使公共服务民营化的推进具有制度安排的路径。     

Privatization: Possible lessons from the Hungarian case

Hungary was the first Eastern European country to tackle the problem of economic reform: initially in piecemeal fashion, then by introducing broad sets of measures aimed at establishing a market-based economic system. This paper reviews the Hungarian experience with privatization policies and presents some general conclusions regarding the design of successful privatization schemes that might serve as rough guidelines for other countries trying to reduce a vastly overextended public sector.     

What role should public firms play in the upstream market?

We investigate the upstream public firm's desirable option of production timing in the vertically related upstream market. We find that multiple equilibria may exist, including the Cournot-type and Stackelberg-type, with different degrees of privatization in the presence of upstream firms' efficiency gap. These equilibrium outcomes are also influenced by the intensity of downstream market competition. We further show the corresponding optimal degree of privatization in different phases of gradual privatization.     

On the Cutting Edge between Policy and Academia: Challenges for Public Economists

In surveying the literature on privatization and social insurance, this paper identifies two major trade-offs. The first trade-off, which applies mainly to the choice between private and public governance, is flexibility versus commitment. The other trade-off, which bedevils the design of social insurance, is that of moral hazard versus adverse selection. After stressing the relevance of bounded rationality for understanding actual public policymaking, the paper turns to the importance of non-government, non-commercial institutions in facilitating social coordination. Finally, the paper addresses the role of economists in formulating public policy.     

公共事业组织伦理制度化与路径分析

公共事业组织的伦理建设，不能仅仅依靠道德自律或道德教化来影响公共事业组织成员的行为选择。日益严重的公共事业组织伦理失范现象表明，传统道德自律或道德教化对公共事业组织成员缺乏控制力。公共事业组织伦理的提升与重建必须通过制度化建设来实现。制度化是公共事业组织伦理建设的重要价值取向。公共事业组织伦理的制度化，应着重从树立正确理念、合理划分层次、构建立法体系、强化监督机制这四层路径来推进。