套期保值原理在企业价格避险中的应用

本文论述了套期保值原理成为企业规避价格风险重要工具的作用基理 ,结合两个例子来说明企业如何利用套期保值原理来规避价格风险 ,确保企业正常的经营收益 ,并给出了各类企业如何利用套期保值原理进行价格避险的普适性结论。     

企业套期保值的风险管理方法探析

利用马柯维茨（1952）的风险估计方法,假定企业通过衍生金融工具来对原生金融资产进行套期保值,建立了企业在风险管理过程中的风险组合模型,并使用国内A股市场数据对模型进行了数值检验,结论发现企业通过套期保值并不能消除风险。在此基础上,作者对企业风险管理的一般均衡做了进一步分析,企业可以通过对套期保值的比率、原生金融资产和衍生资产的方差进行调整,降低在套期保值的风险。     

浅谈企业套期保值

原材料价格的大幅波动将给企业生产、销售计划带来很大困难,为了规避价格波动风险,企业必须利用衍生品期货做套期保值,以对冲现货价格波动带来的风险及锁定成本和预期利润,保证经营计划顺利完成。然而,不少中资企业在。套期保值。上遭受巨亏事件频发。本文试图分析造成企业在套期保值中亏损的原因,并尝试分析企业如何进行套期保值。     

浅论套期保值在规避外汇汇率风险中的运用

市场经济中,汇率时刻都处在剧烈的上下起浮变动之中,因汇率波动而造成的外汇风险已成为经济主体无法回避的问题。如何利用套期保值最大限度的防范外汇风险,减少汇率波动带来的风险损失,是本文讨论的重点。本文将针对什么是外汇汇率风险、套期保值规避汇率风险的原理以及如何进行套期保值操作进行简要阐述,以说明如何利用套期保值来有效规避汇率风险。     

浅谈企业套期保值

原材料价格的大幅波动将给企业生产、销售计划带来很大困难,为了规避价格波动风险,企业必须利用衍生品期货做套期保值,以对冲现货价格波动带来的风险及锁定成本和预期利润,保证经营计划顺利完成.然而,不少中资企业在"套期保值"上遭受巨亏事件频发.本文试图分析造成企业在套期保位中亏损的原因,并尝试分析企业如何进行套期保值.     

船舶出口企业外汇套期保值的思考

近几年,我国造船业屡创佳绩,"走出去"战略得到进一步实施,出口船舶数量快速增长,在国际市场上的地位逐步提高。伴随着船舶出口数量的增长,诸多船舶出口企业面临的外汇风险也日益增加,如何利用外汇衍生品市场对外汇风险进行对冲,成功地进行外汇套期保值日益成为船舶出口企业面临的突出问题。本文将重点就如何利用外汇衍生品市场对企业的外汇套期保值问题进行探讨,以期为出口企业套期保值提供一些建议和方法。     

股指期货在风险管理中的应用

股指期货属于金融期货的一种,是以股票市场的股票价格指数为标的物的期货合约.在很多发达的股票市场乃至资本市场中,股指期货扮演着规避风险、套期保值的重要角色.在利用股指期货对股票组合进行套期保值时,可能面临各种风险,其中,基差风险是套期保值者面临的最主要风险.利用向量误差修正模型可以估计最小风险套期保值比,为投资者综合选择风险最小的套期保值策略提供了现实的、可操作的定量分析工具.     

中国大豆期货市场最优套期保值比率的实证研究

在总结评述国际上成熟的最优套期保值比率估计方法的基础上,采用OLS、VAR、B-ECM、B-GARCH、ECM-B-GARCH五种模型和Lien提出的套期保值绩效衡量指标,对我国大豆期货市场的套期保值比率和套期保值绩效进行了实证研究。结果表明:对于中国大豆期货市场而言,按照OLS模型估计的最优套期保值比率进行动态套期保值能够最大程度地降低风险;基于VAR模型与B-ECM模型的结果次之;按照B-GARCH模型和ECM-B-GARCH模型估计的最优套期保值比率进行动态套期保值,风险降低程度最小。     

最小平均VaR套期保值比率计算模型及实证研究

针对传统的套期保值模型只考虑最小化套期保值组合在到期日的价格风险,而且没有充分利用资产历史价格样本数据所提供的收益率信息的特点,本文提出了考虑套期保值期内不同期限价格风险的最小平均VaR套期保值比率计算模型。基于我国外汇市场及股票市场数据,本文对最小平均VaR套期保值模型进行了实证分析,并与常用的最小方差及最小VaR套期保值模型进行了对比,得出了最小平均VaR模型在套期保值过程中的效果要优于其他两种模型,能更有效地降低投资者提前终止套期保值可能面临额外风险的结论。     

引入基差影响因素的套期保值模型优化与效用对比分析——以中国大豆加工与经营企业为例

中国是全球最大的大豆进口国,国内大豆压榨企业在用境外定价中心的期货合约进行套期保值时,面临较大的基差风险。现有套期保值模型中,多将基差作为套期保值模型的不可观测变量,这与大豆压榨企业现实需求不符。为此,将基差影响因素中可解释部分引进套期保值模型,得到基差调整后的套期保值比率和套期保值有效性。运用Copula-GARCH模型实证分析后发现,引入基差影响因素的套期保值模型效果大多数优于原有套期保值模型,这对我国压榨企业的套期保值实践具有重要的指导意义。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.