消费者敌意、自我效能与旅游意愿——基于对青少年出境旅游市场的实证研究

国家间的争议和冲突通常会引起两国消费者的敌意情绪,并最终诉诸于消费者的抗议、抵制和拒绝购买来自敌意国的产品.旅游作为一种特殊而重要的产品形式,鲜有研究关注消费者敌意对旅游意愿的影响.该研究以216名中国青少年消费者为研究样本,引入自我效能作为中介变量和性别作为调节变量,探讨了消费者敌意对旅游意愿的影响及作用机制.结果表明:消费者敌意对中国青少年赴日旅游意愿具有显著的负向影响;自我效能在消费者敌意和旅游意愿的关系中起着中介作用;消费者敌意对自我效能的作用强度存在性别差异,男性青少年的消费者敌意对自我效能的影响程度更强.该研究对相关营销实践者、企业及政府部门在政策制定及危机公关时具有一定的启示.     

对我国生态旅游标准的理论探讨

生态旅游作为可持续旅游的重要形式发展迅速,生态旅游标准是生态旅游发展的规范,能够对生态旅游的规范发展起到积极作用.本文分析了生态旅游概念的演化与特质,对国际上的生态旅游标准与认证项目的模型构建、发展现状和演化趋势进行了总结,并在此基础上,对如何建立我国生态旅游标准的问题进行了理论探讨.     

基于可持续视角的生态旅游认证激励问题

生态旅游认证在国外的理论研究和实践探索中已经取得了较大进展.首先介绍了旅游认证的概念,然后从供给主体、中介主体和需求主体三个方面探讨了认证对其激励作用,最后实施生态旅游认证的法律、范围等问题进行了讨论.     

沉浸理论视角下旅游消费者在线体验对再预订的影响

近年来,电商蓬勃发展,各大在线旅游企业竞争激烈.如何赢得顾客并进一步激发其再次预订意愿,是旅游电商的重要议题.以往研究表明,为消费者创造良好的在线体验是电商招徕消费者再次惠顾的有效途径,但鲜有文献关注在线旅游消费者这一特殊群体.基于沉浸理论,文章重在探索交互速度等6个维度与旅游消费者在线体验间的关系,凸显旅游消费者体验与再次预订间的关系,并检验信任的中介作用.结果表明:(1)旅游消费者的网站技能、感知挑战、感知控制力、感知有用性及旅游网站的远程呈现与交互速度对消费者的在线体验具有显著的正向影响;(2)旅游消费者的感知易用性对感知有用性有显著的正向影响;(3)旅游消费者沉浸体验对再次预订意愿具有显著的正向影响;(4)信任在旅游消费者的沉浸体验和再次预订意愿间起中介作用.     

公众参与旅游规划的思考——来自香港大澳的调查启示

本文通过问卷调查方法研究分析了居民、实际消费者、潜在消费者3个公众群体对于香港大澳生态旅游发展规划成果方案的支持意愿、了解程度以及焦点问题等方面的后期评价,进而探讨了其与大澳生态旅游发展规划公众参与工作实施的因果关系,认为合理的参与时限、专业人员的作用、主体多元化、持续动态参与对于提升公众参与规划的实际效果具有现实的作用。     

“互联网+”生态旅游产品价值实现机制研究——以南山国家公园线路为例

在大力探索生态产品价值实现背景下,生态旅游作为公共产品,为推动生态产品价值实现和中国特色生态文明建设新模式的形成提供有力支撑。本研究选取南山国家公园线路为案例,以S-O-R理论为基础,构建生态旅游产品购买意愿模型,探究生态旅游产品在微信朋友圈购买意愿的内在机制。研究发现：（1）生态旅游产品在微信朋友圈的购买意愿存在“营销媒体特征—感知功利价值—购买意愿”和“社交媒体特征—感知享乐价值—购买意愿”两种形成机制;（2）生态旅游产品在微信朋友圈的购买意愿同时受到功利性因素和享乐性因素的影响,但功利性因素的影响占主导作用;（3）生态旅游产品的价格和产品图片的美观性对感知功利价值的影响较强;（4）微信朋友圈的社交存在感和微信好友的能力对感知享乐价值的影响较强;（5）不同人口学特征下,被调查者的购买意愿有显著差异。建议开展组合式营销、改善营销信息的内容和质量、保持高度的用户粘性、重视“专业形象”打造、针对主要客源市场“有的放矢”营销等实践,以促进南山国家公园生态旅游产品的价值实现。     

基于CVM的桂林市旅游资源经济价值评估

本文运用条件价值评估法通过对旅游景区门票总支付的意愿调查,对桂林市旅游资源的经济价值进行评估。运用SPSS16.0统计软件对相关调查数据进行统计分析,并采用卡方检验、列联表相关性分析和多元线性回归分析,得出游客收入越高,对桂林市旅游资源的支付意愿也越高,且桂林市旅游资源拥有每年164亿元的经济价值的结论。     

产品外部属性对跨境购物意愿的影响

最近几年, 中国人跨境购物的热情持续高涨, 但国内却鲜有学者关注跨境购物这一现象。文章采用情景实验的方法, 以广东消费者为研究对象, 探讨在粤港两地不同购买地市场环境下, 产品外部属性对购买意愿的影响。研究结果表明, 购买地这一因素对于消费者购买搜索和体验产品的决策影响十分有限, 消费者并没有对粤港两地市场产生明显偏好。对于体验产品而言, 消费者对西方外国品牌的购买意愿高于国内品牌, 且这种偏好不会受到价格和购买地的影响。对于搜索产品而言, 价格与品牌原产国会对消费者的购买意愿产生交互作用。     

情感体验对旅游产品顾客价格感知影响的研究

充裕的物质生活、便利的交通促使景区旅游也产生了重复购买行为。为了提高消费者对旅游产品的重复购买,增强其情感依赖是必要的。通过构建情感体验对旅游产品顾客价格感知影响的模型,提出了如何提高景区的情感体验,增加顾客的价格感知度。     

新假日制度对旅游消费行为的影响研究——基于在杭休闲旅游者的调查

本研究以在杭休闲旅游者问卷调查为基础,通过频率频次、因子、信度、单因素方差等分析方法,探究新假日制度下人们的旅游选择、旅游偏好、旅游意愿、消费方式等的变化态势以及不同人口学和社会学特征变化显著程度,并从中获得对假日旅游产品与市场开发的启示。     

居民对生态旅游认知与态度之研究--以澎湖列岛为例

本文旨在了解澎湖列岛居民生态旅游的认知与发展生态旅游的态度，并探讨居民基本资料与其对生态旅游认知和发展生态旅游态度之间的关系。经统计分析后发现：居民基本资料的不同会造成生态旅游认知与发展生态旅游态度的差异。最后透过典型相关分析发现，居民生态旅游的5个认知因素与发展生态旅游的6个态度因素间都具有相关性；居民对生态旅游的认知程度愈低者，在发展生态旅游态度上则愈不积极。     

生态旅游概念泛化思考

本文对目前学术界对生态旅游概念的有关界定进行了梳理，提出了更具本质规定性的生态旅游定义，并且探讨了对生态旅游概念内涵做限定性理解的理论和实践意义。     

A structural model of residents’ intention to participate in ecotourism: The case of a wetland community

Ecotourism supports environmental conservation as well as generating economic opportunities. It additionally strongly emphasizes benefits to the local community and suggests that the involvement of the residents is important for the effective management of tourism. Accordingly, this study explores factors contributing to residents’ participation intention in ecotourism management and proposes a structural relationship between their participation intention, environmental knowledge, attitudes towards ecotourism and the appeal of tourist landscapes. Analysis indicates residents’ environmental knowledge positively affects attitudes towards ecotourism, which in turn directly and indirectly determine the intention to participate in ecotourism through their individual landscape affinity. Thus, residents’ involvement in ecotourism may be stimulated through a) appropriate management strategies aimed at increasing their environmental knowledge, b) encouraging positive ecotourism attitudes, and c) environmental planning that promotes residents’ affinity for local attractions.     

Marketing Ecotourism Through the Internet: A Case of Ecotourism Business in Thailand

The advance of Internet technology is having a profound impact on the traditional modes of selling tourism products and contributing to the growing importance of online marketing of the travel and tourism industry. In the case of ecotourism, studies examining Internet-based ecotourism marketing are still limited. This study aims to examine how ecotourism business is marketed through the Internet by focusing on Thai ecotourism business. Subjects investigated are travel business members listed on the website of the Thai Ecotourism and Adventure Travel Association (TEATA). Data are qualitatively analyzed using content analysis to examine marketing and ecotourism web-based context promoted through the Internet. The results indicate that the travel companies examined in this study provide a variety of products and services to meet the diverse travel needs and preferences of tourists. When examining the web-based ecotourism marketing, most businesses provide insufficient marketing and ecotourism information to promote ecotourism experience. In particular, ecotourism messages they provide are only partially aligned with ecotourism principles. Recommendations are given for improving online ecotourism marketing to better satisfy tourists' needs and expectations.     

Identifying Ecotourists in Belize Through Benefit Segmentation: A Preliminary Analysis

Understanding the perceived benefits of nature-based or ecotourism is an important step in providing products usable to the visitor and in developing a sustainable tourism policy. There are few published studies segmenting the nature-based tourism market using a benefit segmentation approach. This study, based on a sample of visitors to Belize, a widely known ecotourism country, identifies tourist segments, based on a multivariate analysis. Ecotourists' comprised less than 20 of the random sample of visitors taken during the tourist season. Ecotourists differed from other segments in terms of social-demographic and trip characteristics, but had similar levels of activity participation. The results suggest several implications for nature-based product promotion and development, and implementation of a sustainable tourism policy.     

我国自驾游发展对景区的挑战及对策

我国自驾游的迅速发展,在给景区带来大量"强"消费能力客源的同时,也给景区的今后发展提出了诸多挑战。该文从我国自驾游的发展现状出发,试从自驾游旅游者对景区的选择态度、对景区旅游产品的需求、对景区配套基础设施和安全保障系统这四方面入手,针对自驾游对景区的挑战进行深入分析,并在此基础上,对今后我国景区自驾游的发展提出相应策略。     

产品结构变动对旅游流空间结构的优化效应分析——以杭州为例

本文通过对携程旅行网上的旅杭游记进行阶段对比分析,研究旅游产品和旅游流空间结构的相对变动关系,说明了产品结构对旅游流空间结构的优化作用,并提供了一种由旅游流空间结构入手,剖析旅游产品结构缺陷,再通过旅游产品结构的调整优化旅游流空间结构的市场--产品对应分析途径.     

Ecotourism and Certification: Confronting the Principles and Pragmatics of Socially Responsible Tourism

Many ecotourism proponents advocate certification as a means to distinguish legitimate ecotourism from counterfeit ‘greenwashed’ products. This paper discusses efforts by certification advocates operating in global arenas to generate standards for measuring compliance with one dimension of widely accepted definitions of ecotourism, the stipulation that it should provide benefits to local communities. The paper then presents an ethnographic case study from Belize that reveals disagreements among ecotourism stakeholders in Belize and between them and international experts about the meaning of several key terms: who should count as ‘local’, what should count as ‘participation’ by locals, and what constitutes a ‘benefit’ to local communities. The author argues that divergent perspectives on these issues must be recognised and accommodated in the process of harmonising or standardising certification criteria for ecotourism; failure to do that could imperil both the principled and pragmatic rationales behind the requirement that ecotourism provide benefits to local communities.     

家庭生命周期与旅游态度的关联研究——以长沙市居民为例

家庭是旅游态度形成的最重要环境背景,也一直是旅游活动的重要组织单元,探究家庭生命周期与旅游态度的关系意义重大.文章依据已有研究成果,建立家庭生命周期模型,制定旅游态度量表,以问卷工具面向长沙市居民进行调查,获得基础数据,运用因子分析得到了追求享受、强调卫生、看重设施、向往体验、关注身心健康等5个方面的旅游态度主成分,通过验证性因子分析后,再用相关分析、多元回归分析探究家庭生命周期与旅游态度5个主成分的关系.结果表明,随着家庭生命周期的演进,人们愈发追求享受、看重设施、关注身心健康.无巢期人群看重设施和关注身心健康的表现低于其他阶段人群,空巢期人群追求享受的表现高于其他阶段人群,空巢期、鳏寡期人群关注身心健康的表现高于其他阶段人群,满巢期人群向往体验的表现高于其他阶段人群.     

Ecotourism and Simulated Attractions: Tourists' Attitudes Towards Integrated Sites in a Desert Area

This paper examines the attitudes of tourists towards a conceptual planning approach, which combines elements of ecotourism with themed and simulated attractions for sustainable tourism development in desert areas. Based on a survey of 453 tourists, the study examines respondents' preferences regarding the suggested contents and facilities of tourist attractions to be developed in the Israeli desert area of the Negev. The findings indicate that the respondents do not necessarily see contradictions between the seemingly irreconcilable ecotourism elements and themed simulations. They expressed clear preference for the development of sites with appropriate infrastructure and themed simulations that preserve local nature and culture. The findings are discussed within the frameworks of ecotourism, post-modern tourism, and tourism development in desert areas.