Cherchez la Femme? Differential Validity in Models of Risky Household Financial Behavior

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the choice of household informant for psychological variables included in models of risky household financial behavior matters to the empirical researcher. Five research hypotheses are posited in relation to this purpose, which concentrate on evaluating results from different correlation and regression analyses based on behavior measured at the household level, but with psychological data drawn from either the family financial officer (FFO) or the spouse in family households (N = 807). A sample of one-person households from the same database was used as control group (N = 211).It could not be shown directly that the amount of explained variance differed significantly between multiple regression analyses, in which the psychological data were drawn from different informants. However, other tests and analyses strongly indicate that including FFO data increased the validity of the model, while the inclusion of spouse data gave a marginally positive, albeit statistically significant, effect. The interpretation of the model also differs when different informants' data are used. One-person household data used to estimate an identical model seemed to produce a better fit than family household data. Finally, measures of "couple" variables showed stronger agreement between spouses than "individual" variables. Zero-order correlations between psychological variables and measures of risky financial behavior differed significantly between spouses in a few cases.The implication is that in this behavioral domain, psychological data must be collected from the family financial officer, while the spouse can be excluded without any severe consequences. This will also reduce the need to eliminate households from the analysis because of partial non-response.     

Did foreign exchange holding influence growth performance during the global financial crisis?

In a context of increased foreign exchange reserves holding from emerging and developing countries, this paper investigates the diminishing return of reserves holding assumption over the most severe phase of the global financial crisis (2008Q1–2010Q4). Relying on a Panel Smooth Transition Regression model, we highlight the differential effect of the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves for a set of financial vulnerabilities variables. In a specific manner, although reserves accumulation is effective above a critical threshold to cope with vulnerabilities related to the financial channel, we show that it becomes less effective beyond a certain threshold for domestic bank vulnerabilities. Our results are robust to alternative specifications.     

Perceived psychological distance,construal processes,and abstractness of entrepreneurial action

In this paper we develop the concept of abstractness as an underlying theoretical structure of entrepreneurial action, specifically to connect individual perception of psychological distance to entrepreneurial action. We draw on construal level theory to model distance and abstractness, using construal as the mechanism where, in new venture creation, entrepreneurs are expected over time to engage in more abstract action when they perceive greater psychological distance. Based on longitudinal data from 350 entrepreneurs, results from cross-lagged panel analysis indicate that psychological distance shapes the actions of entrepreneurs over time through social distance and hypotheticality. These findings advance entrepreneurial action research, practice, and pedagogy by showing that the apparently implicit relationship between entrepreneurial perception and entrepreneurial action may actually be quite explicit, when abstractness of action is seen as a construal-mechanism-based function of psychological distance.     

Can behavioral nudges and incentives help lower-income households build emergency savings with tax refunds? Evidence from field and survey experiments

Tax refunds are an opportunity for lower-income households to accumulate emergency savings so they have cash on hand to cover expenses when income is insufficient. Our field experiments testing different behavioral interventions to encourage refund saving via online tax filing show small effect sizes (0.12–0.14) and a low aggregate savings rate (12%) that might be increased were filers to receive financial incentives. We test a key provision of the Refund to Rainy Day Saving and Financial Security Credit Acts using a survey experiment, finding that hypothetical refund saving jumps from 16% with no financial incentive, to 71% and 80% with 25% and 50% matches, respectively, findings which are mostly insensitive to refund size. Our results suggest that public policies to provide greater financial support—including stronger income supports—will better prepare lower-income households for financial emergencies than behavioral interventions to nudge refund saving.     

双重二元金融结构、农户信贷需求与农村金融改革——基于11省14县市的田野调查

破除二元金融结构、推进农村金融改革、及时调整非均衡增长模式是克服金融危机和保持经济可持续发展的关键。本文基于11省14县市的田野调查数据,对农户信贷意愿和信贷可及性及其影响因素进行了定量分析,同时运用统计数据揭示了我国农村系统性负投资和双重二元金融结构的制度特征与经济后果。本文最后对未来农村金融体系改革中激励与约束机制设计、存量改革与增量改革战略以及普惠金融体系的构建提出了系统的政策框架。     

新制度经济学视角下的审计动因研究

利用新制度经济学的基本理论来探究审计动因,将从根源上认识审计本质、审计假设等审计理论问题,从而有助于构建一个完整的审计理论结构体系。因此,分析现代审计动因具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。在评价目前较为流行的几种审计动因论的基础上,结合新制度经济学对现代审计动因作进一步探究,以期对审计理论体系的构建有所助益。     

The macroeconomic role of currency reserve accumulation in emerging markets—The Asian experience

The impact of currency reserve accumulation is controversially discussed since reserve accumulation potentially destabilises the international financial system and causes crises due to higher systemic risk. The main aim of this paper is to put the macroeconomic role of currency reserve accumulation for four Asian economies under closer scrutiny. The key question is whether accumulating currency reserves is beneficial from a long‐run perspective. Based on a vector error correction approach, we start by analysing long‐run steady‐state relationships between currency reserves, exchange rates against the US dollar, real GDP and interest rates. Our findings show that cumulated currency reserve shocks significantly affect real GDP . A likely explanation for our finding is that accumulation of reserves has supported growth through providing liquidity and supporting the development of the financial sector for the economies under observation.     

Outlook of World Economy——Sustaining the Recovery

Atier a deep global recession, economic growth has turned positive, as wide-ranging public intervention has supported demand and lowered uncertainty and systemic risk in financial markets.The recovery is expected to be slow, as financial systems remain impaired, support from public policies will gradually have to be withdrawn,and households in economics that suffered asset price busts will continue to rebuild savings while struggling with high unemployment.     

Household characteristics and the change of financial risk tolerance during the financial crisis in the United States

This study examines how household financial risk tolerance is affected during the period of 2007 and 2009, which covered the eve and trough of the financial crisis in the United States and what types of households are associated with the change of risk tolerance. Risk tolerance is measured by two objective indicators, narrowly and broadly defined stock ownership, and a subjective indicator, risk taking attitude. Using panel data from 2007 to 2009 Survey of Consumer Finances, results show that during the financial crisis, the households in general are more risk averse, indicated by withdrawing from stock markets and holding a less risk taking attitude. In addition, Black and Hispanic households are more likely and households with higher education are less likely to withdraw from stock markets. Older households are less likely to change in risk tolerance during the financial crisis, as are richer households. The findings show panel data could generate novel results and contribute to the literature of financial risk tolerance.     

金融部门FDI和金融服务贸易的理论与实证分析

金融部门FDI理论和金融服务贸易理论是两个既独立又相互关联的研究领域.近年来,金融部门FDI理论与金融服务贸易理论出现了相互融合、相互渗透的趋势.本文描述了金融服务贸易和金融部门FDI理论的最新进展,利用国际经济学、产业组织理论、国际商务理论等经典理论解释金融服务贸易和金融FDI的动机、影响因素及趋势,并通过建立一个实证模型来进一步验证金融部门FDI和金融服务贸易存在的互补关系.     

我国外汇储备数量管理实证分析

回顾国内外国际外汇储备适度规模相关理论,选择改良的阿格沃尔模型对我国外汇储备规模进行实证分析,分析可知1999—2000年我国外汇储备在合理区间,2001—2008年我国外汇储备开始过量,且增长速率逐渐加快。为完善我国外汇储备数量管理,应严格控制外汇储备增量,改变重出口,限制进口的贸易结构,合理使用外汇储备,提高储备的经济效益,重视金融人才培养,完善汇率制度,保持我国货币政策的独立性。     

Effects of communication and financial concerns on banking attitude-behaviour relations

Despite extensive discussion of the concept of Islamic banking, which is based on the fundamental doctrines of Islamic law (Shariah) and Islamic economics (prohibition of interest and profit-loss sharing), few studies have explored the factors that potentially affect behaviour intentions among customers. This study investigates direct and moderating effects of communication and financial factors on customer attitudes and behavioural intentions towards Islamic banking. Data were collected from the customers of Islamic banks and the Islamic banking divisions of conventional banks in Malaysia using online surveys. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. The results suggest that relationship marketing, informative advertising, perceived benefits, and profit-loss sharing are important determinants of behavioural intentions among both Muslim and non-Muslim customer groups. This study also found moderating effects for most of the conceptualized moderating variables, particularly attitude interactions with informative advertising, ease of online banking, and the principle of profit-loss sharing. There are both notable similarities and differences in the results for the two customer groups. The findings imply that different strategies should be used both to retain existing customers and attract new ones.     

会计诚信危机的理论分析与对策探讨

会计诚信是现代会计的一项基本准则。然而一系列会计舞弊案件的发生提醒我们:诚信在会计领域尚未真正落到实处。必须从诚信的概念入手,运用新制度经济学中的契约经济学理论,委托—代理理论和产权理论,深入分析当前会计领域诚信缺失、舞弊产生的原因。才能针对这些原因,提出恢复诚信的系统模型,从而制定出消除会计舞弊的对策。     

Sustainable Corporate Finance

This paper presents and illustrates the concept of sustainable corporate finance. Sustainability is a well-established concept in the disciplines of environmental economics and business ethics. The paper uses a broader definition of what is called “the firm” to pinpoint sustainability to the finance literature. The concept of sustainable finance is compared to traditional and behavioral finance. Four criteria are used to systematically analyze the basic differences. First on the order is the theory of the firm: the definition of the firm is reconsidered by integrating behavioral aspects and by expanding financial analysis to a three-dimensional goal setting. Secondly, a closer look is taken at the assumed behavior of economic agents and its consequences for the applied methodology. The shareholders paradigm is discussed against the background of growing stakeholder importance. Finally, the fourth criterion deals with the different ethical framework and its implication for financial behavior.     

国有控股上市公司财务治理问题研究——基于成本视角的分析

本文以产权理论、代理理论和信息经济学等理论为基础,分析了财务决策权配置的影响因素,如产权状况、信息特征和资本结构等;并从代理成本、信息成本和决策成本的角度提出了财务治理权配置的基本模型;根据对模型的分析,提出了完善我国财务治理机制的建议。     

Young People Are the Front Lines of Financial Inclusion: A Review of 45 Years of Research

Amidst concerns about percentages of households that remain unbanked or underbanked, policy endeavors have emerged to promote financial inclusion by making financial products such as savings accounts readily available. While these endeavors have primarily concentrated on households, young people may be the front lines of financial inclusion because they may be more likely to be banked in young adulthood and beyond when they start off with savings accounts earlier in life. This article addresses young people's financial inclusion by comprehensively reviewing 60 research studies on young people's savings, discussing the role of the family in young people's financial inclusion, discussing financial inclusion from an institutional perspective, presenting policy implications, and identifying gaps in knowledge and opportunities for research. Policies that open savings accounts for young people early in life may be a promising strategy for extending financial inclusion and preventing unbanked or underbanked status later in life.     

金融服务产业集群动因及其演进研究

本文采用动态产业集群模型与方法以及经济学原理，通过对金融中心和金融服务产业的研究与分析，论述金融服务集群的经济动因，以及金融服务产业集群的动态特征，从而为研究国际金融中心（IFCs）在不同发展阶段的金融部门分布特征和金融产业政策奠定基础，同时展望上海成为国际金融中心的定位及其未来发展战略。     

Out‐of‐Pocket Health Care Expenditure Patterns and Financial Burden across the Life Cycle Stages

This study examines out‐of‐pocket health care expenditure patterns of households and the financial burden of health care costs over the stages of the household life cycle, using the 1995 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The elderly households not only spend more for health care, but they also experience higher financial burdens than other households. Insurance status, liquid assets, life cycle stage, household size, education, and self‐employment status are significant factors affecting the household budge share of health care expenses.     

中国金融体系的脆弱性与道德风险

道德风险行为就是当签约一方不完全承担风险后果时所采取的自身效用最大化的自私行为.中国金融体系存在严重的脆弱性,根本原因也在于道德风险.政府不仅对银行提供了担保,也认为证券市场"太大而不能失败".证券市场危机往往是金融危机的先行指标,随之而来的银行危机和货币危机将决定金融危机的深度和广度.中国金融体系的道德风险已经深入到最基层的代理人,其代价将是非常惨重的.     

Teaching Western Economics to Eastern Economists

This paper describes and intensive four week workshop for Polish professors of economics. The primary goals of the program were to teach current mainstream Western economics and to introduce U.S. teaching methods to Eastern bloc economists. Prior to this program the professional training of these teachers had been solely or predominantly from officially sanctioned socialist economists.