共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
研究目的:基于第五届\"社会—生态系统\"制度分析国际研讨会学者观点,对当前中国自然资源产权制度研究进行梳理,为重塑中国自然资源产权治理体系和形成中国特色的自然资源产权理论提供依据.研究方法:观点综述法、文献调研法.研究结果:(1)当前自然资源产权制度在法律、实际和认知三个维度都存在不完整性并对利用与治理实践产生了影响;(2)产权及其治理体系重塑需要考虑4个方面的因素影响:一是资源本身特征,二是利益相关者的偏好和价值观,三是制度内生性,四是现有体制机制和政府行为;(3)产权制度的实际功能比形式更重要,让制度可信是制度和治理体系的前提.研究结论:中国自然资源产权制度改革是一项复杂的工作,需要综合考虑资源特征、利益相关者的偏好和价值观、制度内生性和当前国家体制机制的影响,改革实践呼唤更为本土化的理论支撑. 相似文献
2.
研究目的:以人与自然关系辨析为出发点,探究自然资源资产价值的理论认识及实现方式。研究方法:归纳与演绎,实证分析。研究结果:(1)自然资源是客观存在的,具有自然的规律,正确认识人与自然的关系,需要区分人类视角与自然视角;(2)生态文明建设需正确审视人与自然关系,自然资源资产价值认识,以遵循自然资源的客观规律为前提,自然资源资产的经济价值和生态价值以其生产功能和生态功能发挥为基础,应防止自然资源资产及其生态产品的过度资本化;(3)基于自然资源资产价值理论认识与实现,自然资源资产损害赔偿,应以自然资源资产的经济价值损失和生态价值损失为赔偿范围,同时考虑人类目标与自然规律,区分自然资源资产所有者和使用者的权益,自然资源资产价值的市场交易与评估和生态产品价值实现可为损害赔偿标准的确定提供依据。研究结论:在客观存在的自然界,人类的认识与行为是有限的,人类开发利用自然资源必须遵循自然资源的客观规律;自然资源资产价值实现,需要遵循人与自然的内在关系,以加快生态文明建设为根本目标,全面考虑自然资源的自然属性、经济属性、公共属性。 相似文献
3.
Rhino poaching in South Africa and India's major range states have been remarkably similar over time. Organised criminal syndicates manage an illegal supply chain of rhino horns from poachers, middlemen and corrupt authorities to East Asian black‐markets. In this paper, we use rhino poaching data from South Africa and India to examine the plausibility of transnational links and coordination in their supplies of rhino horns. We develop an innovative model of oligopolistic collusion in supply and find empirical evidence to support the theory, while controlling for rhino horn demand features, corruption, governance quality, and conservation policy. Furthermore, we propose an inventory management model of a criminal syndicate that controls the horn supply chain. The method retraces and forecasts black‐market prices and has potential applicability in estimating supply or demand elasticities. This paper is the first to suggest an oligopolistic feature of the poaching industry. It highlights the need to reorient conservation policy to account for possible coordination of rhino horn supplies between range states. 相似文献
4.
David J. Pannell Anna M. Roberts 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2010,54(4):437-456
Perceptions of a salinity ‘crisis’ in Australia around 2000 resulted in the establishment of a major national program that aimed to prevent, stabilize, and reverse trends in salinity. The National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality allocated A$1.4 billion of public funds to 1700 projects over 7 years. Here, we assess the performance of the program in relation to 12 features that we propose as being essential for programs that aim to address complex environmental problems. The features include use of technical information to guide investment prioritization, use of socio‐economic information, effective integration of information for prioritization, selection of appropriate targets, choice of appropriate policy mechanisms, and provision of incentives and support to environmental managers to pursue environmental outcomes cost effectively. Our assessment reinforces findings from a number of public reviews that found serious weaknesses in the program. Overall, with a few exceptions, projects under the National Action Plan generated few worthwhile salinity mitigation benefits and will have little enduring benefit. This was readily foreseeable given attention to the scientific and economic knowledge of salinity available at the time the program was developed. 相似文献
5.
研究目的:解析全民所有自然资源资产保护和使用规划的性质、定位、与相关规划的衔接关系、编制路径与主要内容。研究方法:基于产权理论、自然资源价值理论和资产规划理论的归纳演绎。研究结果:自然资源资产保护和使用规划兼具民事和行政属性,基于所有权和监管权的规划内容应有差异。规划定位是包含了资产选择搭配规划、资产运营规划和资产管理工作规划的自然资源资产权益管理顶层设计,是国土空间用途管制下的国有资产运营规划。自然资源资产规划与国土空间规划相互支撑、补充。研究结论:自然资源资产保护和使用方案应按照“分区、分类、分级”的技术思路编制,规划内容应包含资产管理制度建设和资产保护使用方案两项主要构成。 相似文献
6.
《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(1-2):7-19
This paper reviews research on urban agriculture which relates to the three dimensions of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. We propose that urban agriculture has three elements: urban agriculture in isolation; its interface with the people and environment within which it is situated; and its contribution to the design of built form. Additionally, we consider its scale: micro, meso and macro. The analysis draws attention to legal, social and economic constraints and opportunities. It suggests that future priorities for research should be directed towards (i) strategically identifying principles of sustainable urban agriculture that help policy makers to design resilient cities, e.g. using flood-prone areas for food and employment, and (ii) operationally trialling innovative institutional mechanisms, e.g. differential land taxes to support sustainable urban agriculture or payments for environmental services provided by urban agriculture such as carbon sequestration. 相似文献
7.
研究目的:分析全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理制度的法律性质,明确其在我国当前法律体系中的基本定位,提出实现机制的建构路径。研究方法:法教义学方法。研究结果:委托代理法律制度必须包含溯及主义这一“理论元层次”,即代理后果溯及本人承担。全民所有委托代理所包含的利益分配机制与溯及主义原则相抵牾,它不能被归入以民事和商事委托代理为典型的委托代理法律制度之中。考虑到全民所有委托代理的核心线索乃是解决激励失灵和逆向选择问题,它与经济学语境下的“委托代理”理论不谋而合。研究结论:全民所有自然资源资产委托代理属于一项宪法性的经济制度,而当它作为法律制度存在且被适用时,其系属一种独特的监护制度。国家信托制度应当作为全民所有委托代理制度的实现机制。 相似文献
8.
关于我国自然资源保护的立法思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
秦天宝 《国土与自然资源研究》1999,(4):47-50
为了保护我国的自然资源,克服资源危机,我国已初步建立了自然保护法的体系框架,但该框架在体系结构,法律制度和监督管理机制上还存在缺陷。因此,有必要完善自然资源保护法的体系,充实自然资源保护法的内容。 相似文献
9.
Felipe B. Larraín 《Oxford Development Studies》2020,48(2):148-165
ABSTRACT A common puzzle in economics is whether natural resources are a ‘curse’ or a ‘blessing’ for economic development. Previous studies have suggested that resource booms can promote growth, but private rent-seeking can turn these booms into a curse if institutions are weak. We argue that private incentives differ depending on whether rents are diversified across different commodities or concentrated in a few of them, because greater diversification implies higher appropriation costs. By using SITC-4 level of export disaggregation to measure within-sector concentration in 131 countries during 1991–2015, we show that the effect of mining rents on economic growth is conditional on the level of concentration within the mining sector. Mining rents enhance growth for economies with low concentration and strong institutions but reduce growth for economies with high-concentration and extremely weak institutions. 相似文献
10.
林地资源收益分配的法律探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
林地作为林业生产的重要的生产资料 ,是林业赖以存在和发展的物质基础。林地资源收益分配包括林地所有者和使用者之间的分配 ,国家对林地收益的再分配和政府内部林地收益分配三类。第一类 ,常以“地租”的形式表现为民事法律关系 ,第二、三类则以各种税费形式表现为财政收入行政法律关系。本文拟从这二种法律关系入手 ,根据我国现有林地资源收益分配状况和法律规定 ,探讨林地资源收益合理分配的法律意义及其对林业生产的影响 相似文献
11.
Roberto F. Aguilera Julian Inchauspe 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2022,66(1):164-186
Hydrogen is expected to play a role in the future low-carbon economy as an energy carrier, but its market penetration remains to be seen. Much of the existing literature generally focuses on comparison of marginal production costs and prices to make rather optimistic projections. This study argues that such analysis is myopic as important barriers are ignored. Following Porter’s five-force approach, we methodologically identify the economic market forces that shape the development of hydrogen markets, and discuss key obstacles in the supply chain. Using evidence of available hydrogen technologies and costs, the distribution network is identified as a major fixed-investment barrier to market entry, but it is argued that much of it could be overcome if natural gas infrastructure and technology is shared with the hydrogen sector. Natural gas, in turn, is projected to function as a transition fuel under current carbon emissions targets. This study finds that policy costs needed to promote hydrogen to achieve environmental goals can be substantially reduced if government and private investment decisions strategically focus on synergies with natural gas. The possible formulation of such policies is discussed using Australia’s hydrogen industry as a case study. 相似文献
12.
中西部磷矿开发与保护的双赢策略 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
姚敬劬 《国土资源科技管理》2002,19(2):5-7
中西部磷矿是国家鼓励勘查和开发的优势资源,为实现开发和保护的双赢,本文提出了四条建议:全面治理采富弃贫;提高共生伴生矿产的综合利用水平;加速深度加工业建设;推进废料资源化处理工程,供有关部门参考。 相似文献
13.
资源学的学科属性及定位问题讨论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张文驹 《中国国土资源经济》2004,17(3):4-6
认识自然知识的总结构成基础科学 ,在中国现行学位目录中归属于理学。资源学属于应用理学 ,以地球科学、生物学、天文学为其学科理论基础。资源学、环境学、生态学是同一层次的学科 ,它们是从三个不同角度研究“人与自然和谐发展”的学问。资源经济学建立在资源学和理论经济学基础之上。 相似文献
14.
胡晓雯 《中国农业资源与区划》2019,40(12):268-275
[目的]通过分析影响上海市休闲农业发展的各类要素,测算不同区域内的集中丰富程度、分区管理全市休闲农业发展布局空间,为后续土地管控政策研究提供基础。[方法]从自然、人文、产业3方面分析了上海全市相关影响要素,并将其空间化; 在专家赋值的基础上,运用GIS软件的叠加分析和缓冲分析等功能,表征不同区域内相关要素的丰富度。[结果](1)上海市休闲农业资源丰富度较高的区域主要有6个:崇明三岛、嘉定区西北部、青西地区、金山区西南部地区、环杭州湾北岸及浦东新区中南部; (2)上海市休闲农业发展空间可划分为3种:重点培育区、优化提升区、限制建设区; (3)分区域制定了不同的土地管控政策,如休闲农业服务功能、休闲农业项目密度及经营性服务设施占比等。[结论]上海市休闲农业资源丰富度差别较大,在资源环境紧约束的环境下,找出上海市休闲农业发展的侧重点,有望达到资源利用效率最大化。 相似文献
15.
自然资源环境一体化体系刍议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从自然资源与环境的关系入手,分析了建立资源与环境一体化体系的必要性和基本框架。建立资源环境一体化体系,就要改变资源和环境低价的认识,建立并完善资源和环境有偿使用体系;在环境治理的过程中以提高资源的综合利用率为目标,将环境治理与资源保护相统一;在资源的高效合理利用中保护环境;在资源环境问题特别严重的区域建立以流域为单元的资源环境一体化管理体系。 相似文献
16.
传统自然资源利用伦理与可持续发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自然资源利用伦理与可持续发展密切相关。传统文化中的自然资源利用伦理主张人类要仁爱自然万物,在利用自然资源时,必须遵循用物有节、取物有时等原则,保持人口与自然资源的平衡。这些对当今社会可持续发展战略的实施有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
17.
以贵州省六盘水市自然灾害与生态环境恶性循环发展为例,提出生态建设和生态保护涉及的法律问题,试图设计西南喀斯特地区生态环境建设和保护法律的原则,最后提出完善西南喀斯特区自然保护区和重点生态区以及石漠化综合治理制度的意见和建议。 相似文献
18.
Robert T. Deacon Dominic P. Parker 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2009,53(1):37-58
We adapt the concept of a conservation easement to a marine environment and explore its use to achieve conservation goals. Although marine environments generally are not owned, those who use them for commercial fishing often are regulated. These regulations grant harvesters rights to use marine environments in specified ways, and the possibility of encumbering these rights to achieve conservation goals creates a potential role for marine easements. We examine this potential under alternative fishery management regimes and find, generally, that marine easements tend to be most effective when harvest rights are delineated most fully. Our analysis suggests ways that marine easements can have flexibility and transactions cost advantages over other approaches to achieve marine conservation goals. We also propose ways in which the design of laws allowing marine easements should follow, or depart from, the design of laws authorising conservation easements on land. 相似文献
19.
针对新时期下的水资源精细化管理需求,从会计核算的微观过程化控制原理入手,以会计恒等式、复式记账法、责权发生制等会计学原理为基础,解析会计理论在水资源精细化管理中应用的基本原理和关键问题,提出构建包含水资源会计凭证、水资源会计账簿和水资源会计报表的水资源会计核算体系框架,以及一套既遵守会计报表基本原则,又突出水资源特点的水资源会计报表制度。研究表明,水资源会计核算是以水权益实体或国家(地区)经济体为核算主体,评估涉水活动质量,描述涉水活动对水资源、水环境、水生态带来的影响。这既是创新水资源管理思路的发展需求,也是落实最严格水资源管理制度的现实需求,将为水资源开发、利用、节约、保护全过程的宏观分析奠定基础,为水资源会计核算主体内部和与虚拟环境主体之间关于水资源数量和质量、水资源存量和流量、水资源实物量和价值量,以及水资源债务和债权的变化提供定量分析依据。 相似文献
20.
赵景海 《国土与自然资源研究》1993,(4):26-30
本文论述了作为资源大省的黑龙江省自然资源开发利用所应遵循的思路、自然资源与社会经济系统及自然环境三者的协调、自然资源市场化等方面的问题,并提出了相应的对策。 相似文献