审计任期与审计独立性——持续经营审计意见的经验研究

以注册会计师是否因财务方面存在可能导致公司持续经营能力问题的事项或情况对上市公司出具持续经营审计意见作为审计独立性的衡量指标,分别从签字注册会计师任期与会计师事务所任期两个角度具体考察了审计任期与审计独立性之间的关系。结果发现,无论是注册会计师任期,还是事务所任期,审计任期越长,审计独立性就越低。这为我国已实施的签字注册会计师强制轮换政策的合理性提供了经验支持。     

Audit Partner Rotation,Audit Quality,and Dynamic Industry Structure

Previous research on the relationship between audit partner tenure and audit quality assumed that auditors conducted auditing works in a stable external environment where the corporate and management behavior was highly predictable. This study uses the joint tenure between audit partners and management to explain audit quality, because corporate directors would consider an appropriate adjustment in the management to deal with a dramatic change in the external environment. First, we examined whether there is a significant association between audit partner tenure and audit quality after the implementation of mandatory audit partner rotation by using the auditor tenure only. We addressed this issue by using a sample of Taiwanese companies and found no significant association between audit partner tenure and the magnitude of discretionary accruals （DA）, a common proxy for audit quality. Second, we tested the relationship between audit partner tenure and audit quality under the consideration of industry structure stability. The result exhibits a negative relation between audit partner tenure and audit quality under the control of industry structural stability which is measured by a proxy variable, the joint tenure between audit partner and management. Third, we investigated whether the association does exist between joint tenure of auditors and management and audit quality. We also addressed this issue by using Taiwanese data and found a significant association between the joint tenure of auditor and management and the magnitude of DA. Our findings provide evidence that the use of a mandatory rotation rule is an ineffective way to improve audit quality.     

强制更换会计师事务所对审计质量的影响——对企业更换中天勤等事务所的实证分析

中天勤、沈阳华伦等5家会计师事务所2001年未通过年检被取消执业资格,他们的原有客户不得不改聘其他会计师事务所.该事件为强制更换会计师事务所提供了研究背景.以非正常性应计利润(DA)来衡量审计质量发现,在强制更换会计师事务所以后,这些公司的非正常性应计利润不降反升.进一步分析的结果显示,在正DA组,后任会计师没有调低那些公司的非正常性应计利润;而在负DA组,这些公司的非正常性应计利润在更换会计师以后反而增加了.研究显示,在中国这样一个极度分散的审计市场中,强制更换会计师事务所并没有带来大家预期的效果.     

Does an Auditor＇s Within-Industry Market Share Still Capture Auditor Industry Expertise in a Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation Regime？

Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.     

CPA审计的独立性研究:威胁、防护及成效分析

独立性是社会审计的精髓,是CPA履行社会责任的根本保证。论文以CPA审计为视角,分析了影响CPA审计独立性的诸多因素,阐述了缺乏独立性对社会的威胁,探索了防护独立性的相关措施,其中对扩大会计师事务所规模的成本效益关系进行了较深地、有创意地数理推论,从而逻辑性地得出通过扩大事务所规模以提高审计独立性的必然结论。     

审计师行为选择与其独立性偏好关系分析

现行关于审计师行为实证研究中,大都基于审计意见类型推断审计师独立性,没有对审计意见类型为什么能代表审计师独立性进行分析和讨论,本文采用偏好、选择与效用经济学基础理论来进行分析和证明。通过逻辑分析、模型构建和推导发现,对审计意见类型的选择结构能够推断审计师对独立性的偏好关系,这种关系是基于审计师效用最大化做出的。     

高管薪酬管制、审计意见与审计师选择

本文从高管薪酬管制政策对审计意见的影响入手,系统检验了薪酬管制政策的有效性。研究发现国有企业在实施高管薪酬管制政策的同时,经理人可能通过降低会计信息质量规避社会监督,从而遭受了更多的"非标"审计意见,增大了企业的代理成本。进一步研究发现,国企经理人会通过选择不同质量的审计师来应对增加的代理成本。结论表明,薪酬管制政策只能在短期内和表面上缓解国企过高薪酬的代理问题,需要在实施过程中出台相应的配套措施予以辅助。     

签字会计师个人执业经验如何影响审计质量？——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

执业经验作为注册会计师专业胜任能力的重要形成途径,是审计质量的决定因素。采用2010—2013年我国上市公司为样本,实证研究签字会计师个人执业经验如何影响审计质量。结果显示：（1）整体而言,签字会计师个人执业经验有助于提高审计质量,但这一“执业经验效应”主要依赖与被审计客户相关的“行业经验”,而不是“非行业经验”。（2）签字会计师个人“执业经验效应”与“审计任期效应”之间存在替代型交互作用。（3）进一步地,在“非大所”审计或新承接客户审计中,“执业经验效应”的发挥效率更高;此外,签字会计师通过事务所内部沟通获取的“间接经验”亦能弥补新客户初次审计中的经验不足,保障审计质量。     

试论审计独立性概念框架的构建

由于独立性关系到审计质量,关系到资本市场的效率,关系到注册会计师行业的生存。注册会计师的独立性问题是一直受到广泛关注的问题。各国及有关的国际组织都试图对独立性问题做出明确的规定。其中美国ISB及IFAC分别构建了独立性概念(原则)框架,对独立性问题作了较全面的规定。而我国对独立性问题的相关规定还很不系统,本文借鉴ISB及IFAC的相关规定阐述了独立性概念框架的主要内容,以期能够提供参考。     

Research on the CPA Audit Independence Risk Assessment Based on the Rough Set Theory

The assessment mode of the CPA audit independence risk based on the Rough Set Theory is a risk assessment method and using the Analytical Hierarchy Process, whose aim is to solve the bid management in the process of the Financial Statement Insurance. Firstly, according to the general instance of the accountant office, the experts grade the risk elements to establish the decision-making table; secondly, construct the judgment matrix using the attribution dependence degree of Variable Precision Rough Set to obtain relative importance, and further get the general importance for all of risk elements; Finally, establish the general assessment mode of the audit independence risk.     

浅议当前审计环境下民间审计目标的拓展

审计目标是审计活动所要达到的目的,在审计理论和审计实践中具有重要作用。本文首先通过对审计目标的演变分析,指出审计环境对审计目标的发展,具有决定性的影响作用,对当前的审计环境作了详细阐述,在文章最后提出了当前审计环境下民间审计目标的拓展。     

审计师行业专长与审计收费的实证研究

以我国A股上市公司为样本,研究了我国法定审计市场中审计师行业专长与审计收费的关系,结果表明:在我国法定审计市场上,四大能够获得审计溢价;与四大中的行业专家相反,非四大国际审计师中的行业专家收取了较低的审计费用。     

签字会计师执业经验与审计延迟

以我国2007—2015年的上市公司为样本,研究签字会计师执业经验对审计延迟的影响,结果显示：（1）随着签字会计师执业经验的增长,审计延迟下降,审计效率提高,支持了“干中学”理论;（2）签字会计师执业经验降低审计延迟的作用只存在于发生签字会计师轮换的公司中;（3）进一步地,在发生签字会计师轮换的公司中,客户规模、事务所规模在签字会计师执业经验与审计延迟之间发挥着调节作用,具体地,在“大客户”、非“十大”审计的客户中,签字会计师执业经验降低审计延迟的作用更加显著;（4）签字会计师执业经验对审计延迟的降低作用主要体现在复核签字会计师中。从签字会计师个体角度出发研究审计延迟的影响因素,有助于监管层和会计师事务所了解提高签字会计师执业经验的重要性。     

Quality of Financial Statements and Tenure of Statement-Related Personnel

This study investigates the association between quality of financial statements and tenure of statement-related personnel. First, we examined whether there is still a significant association between financial statement quality and the tenure of audit partners who are responsible for the quality assurance of financial statements after the implementation of mandatory audit partner rotation. We addressed this issue by using a sample of Taiwanese companies, with which no significant association between audit partner tenure and the magnitude of discretionary accruals （DA）, a common proxy for financial statement quality, was found. Second, we investigated whether an association exists between the financial statement quality and the tenure of management who is responsible for the preparation of financial statements. We also addressed this issue by using Taiwanese data and found a significant association between management tenure （MT） and the magnitude of DA. Our findings provide evidence that audit partner tenure would neither improve nor deteriorate the quality assurance of a financial statement, when there is a mandatory audit partner rotation after a fixed period of time. Whereas how MT affects financial statement quality after the enactment of the mandatory audit partner rotation is dependent on the management position. Increasing tenure of chief executive officer （CEO） and chief financial officer （CFO） will enhance and hinder financial statement quality respectively. In the end, we found a significant interaction of tenure between auditor and CFO. This result implies that the downward bias of CFO on the financial statement preparation can be mitigated by auditors with increasing tenure.     

大所是审计质量高还是政策敏感性强？——基于信息披露编报规则变迁的自然实验

我国审计市场具有明显的“行政主导”印记,当政府认可“大所即高质量审计”并将其作为推动审计市场发展的重要考量因素时,大所就有可能表现出比小所更强的相机迎合政府的机会主义行为。研究发现,国际大所无论在信息披露编报规则变更节点还是在规则存续期间,都没有表现出明显的机会主义行为。国内所在信息披露编报规则变更节点,审计质量均显著提高,且大所比小所提高得更为显著;在规则存续期间,审计质量均逐年下降,且大所比小所下降得更为显著。国内事务所表现出了较强的政策敏感性,且大所比小所更强。     

关于提高我国注册会计师独立性的若干思考

注册会计师的独立性是其执业的灵魂,也是其执业质量的基础和根本保证。近年来,国内外陆续发生的一系列财务造假和CPA审计失败的事件,无一例外地都与从事审计工作的CPA未能很好地坚持其应有的独立性有关。本文通过对目前我国注册会计师独立性的现状和成因的分析与探讨,对如何提高我国注册会计师职业独立性提出了自己的看法和建议。     

控股股东侵害上市公司利益与审计监督关系的实证分析

在研究中,通过建立回归模型,分析了控股股东侵害行为对注册会计师形成审计意见的影响,并对注册会计师的审计意见对未来公司控股股东占用资金行为的制衡作用进行了验证。