产业集群的创新、合作竞争和区域品牌效应分析

产业集群是一种世界性的经济现象,其有利于促进企业的创新,能够产生创新效应;有利于提高产业的整体竞争能力,加强集群内企业间的有效合作;有利于形成“区域品牌”,保持产业集群区位的持续发展。     

基于社会资本的产业集群创新研究评述

创新是产业集群持续竞争力的重要来源,随着集群创新理论的不断深入,网络视角研究引起学术界的广泛关注,而社会资本包含的信任、规范、合作等对多主体参与的网络创新十分重要。本文首先回顾了产业集群的内涵、演变,及基于创新网络的集群创新研究;然后重点梳理了社会资本影响集群创新的相关文献,并就该问题提出了有待进一步研究的方向。     

产业集群企业创新行为的动态博弈研究

产业集群内企业的创新行为是一种复杂的动态博弈,企业具体创新模式的选择取决于不同模式下创新成功后的收益与风险的比较。应用博弈论理论分析了集群内企业的创新博弈行为,指出产业集群内的企业在技术创新开发活动中是趋于合作的。     

自主创新视角下国外临港产业集群的发展及启示

临港产业集群作为一种特殊的集群方式,必须通过自主创新转变过去的外延扩张增长方式.结合国外临港产业集群自主创新的实践,探讨了模仿创新、原始创新、合作创新等主流的路径模式,总结了临港产业集群自主创新的内在规律,并通过分析我国临港产业集群自主创新现状等问题,尝试性地提出我国提升临港产业集群自主创新能力的最佳路径:模仿+合作创新、自主创新+合作创新,及其相应建议.     

战略性新兴产业集群的协同创新效应研究

随着战略性新兴产业集群的发展壮大，集群内部的产业种类日益丰富，内部细分产业之间的协同创新日益强化。本文基于雅格布斯外部性理论和我国的发展现状，阐述战略性新兴产业集群内部，细分产业之间协同创新效应的理论机制和现实路径，即通过技术融合和产业链融合产生协同创新效应；而后基于“珠三角”城市群的战略性新兴产业数据，对此协同创新效应的存在性进行检验，验证了我国战略性新兴产业集群细分产业间，存在协同创新效应。未来我国可以通过推动战略性新兴产业集群深度融合、加强集群内部的协同创新平台建设、构建协同创新成果转化服务体系等，来进一步提升我国战略性新兴产业集群的协同创新效应。     

中国产业集群创新能力研究——对十个典型产业集群的比较

一、研究的概念框架和理论基础 产业集群研究最核心的任务是回答什么是集群创新绩效的决定因素。20年来关于产业集群的学术成果，无论是理论研究还是经验实证，无论是比较研究还是历史分析，都试图找到决定或影响“产业集群持续绩效差异”的关键因素。     

产业集群企业技术创新的网络化结构与作用机制分析

产业集群创新网络使企业在交流中进行技术创新比单个企业具有更高的效率,由此导致了技术创新"网络范式"的兴起。研究探讨集群各行为主体的关系以及合作网络如何促进创新活动的开展,对于提高我国集群企业的技术创新能力,保持产业集群持续的竞争优势,促进区域经济的不断发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

文化产业集群的形成动因分析

本文对文化产业集群形成动因的多理论视角分析结果表明,企业衍生是产业集群萌芽的外在表现形式,分工协作是产业集群产生和长期存在的基础,竞争与合作推动集群不断向前发展,知识溢出和创新效应是集群持续成长的决定力量。集群创新发展路径应该注意集群内外部的分工协作,形成健康的竞合机制,规避企业衍生的路径依赖风险,形成文化产业集群的竞合机制,产生更高层次的集群效应,提升集群发展动力。     

基于CAS理论的产业集群协同创新动力机制构建

创新是产业集群竞争优势的重要来源,本文从产业集群协同创新动力机制的内涵入手,运用复杂适应系统(简称CAS)理论对产业集群创新活动进行特征分析,基于CAS理论的"刺激-反应"模型构建了集群协同创新的动力机制,并从动力因素的角度以及企业、集群和政府三个层面对促进产业集群创新提出了改进策略。     

试论产业经济热点——产业集群的创新

产业集群是在特定领域中,一群在地理上临近、有交互关联性的企业和相关法人机构,并以彼此的共同性和互补性相联结。本文讨论了纵向合作创新,分析了产业集群的协同创新绩效指标、优化地区产业结构、区域品牌的优势,研究了创新效应和产业集群制度创新。     

黑龙江省装备制造业发展对策研究

被称为“动力之乡”的黑龙江省是我国老工业基地之一 ,在振兴东北老工业基地中把黑龙江建成装备工业基地是一项战略性任务。黑龙江省应该着力解决尚存的上下游企业分割管理、资金不足、配套能力不强等问题 ,形成强大的装备制造业群为发展战略 ,提升装备制造业的整体实力     

产业集群升级的内生动力及其作用机制研究

产业集群升级的研究正逐步从通过外部拉动转向从集群内部挖掘升级潜力。但目前对内部升级途径的研究往往从某个角度出发,分析影响升级的几个因素,缺乏对集群内各动力要素及其作用机制完整的阐述和论证。在此背景下,文章首先研究了产业集群升级的四个内在动力要素及要素之间相互作用构成的知识网络;接着分析了集群动力要素间互动以促进集群升级的知识更新机制;进而构建了知识网络中四个动力要素在知识更新中发挥作用的“四力”模型及作用机制;最后,以浙江余姚灯具产业集群为例对模型作了应用分析。研究表明,核心企业、大学和科研院所、生产型服务机构及政府机构等集群知识网络要素的作用发挥及其匹配是集群顺利升级的关键。     

Industrial Policy: A Dying Breed or A Re-emerging Phoenix

Real world industrial policy is often poorly designed and always heavily opposed. Good intentions are overshadowed by bad outcomes. However, no commonly accepted definition exists; concepts differ across nations, regions, stage of development and over time. After switching from the sectoral to the horizontal approach—and facing never ending problems with targeting, large projects and specific technologies—industrial policy seemed to phase out at the end of the last century. Recently, interest has re-emerged, due to globalisation, outsourcing, low growth and high unemployment (specifically in Europe). We present evidence on past strategies and the performances of various concepts. We describe the new “matrix approach to industrial policy” developed by the European Commission. Finally, we venture to define elements of a “Systemic Industrial Policy”. This new type of industrial policy differs decisively from policies of the past, and has been receiving an impetus from the EU “Lisbon Strategy”, as well as from the rise of China and the new EU member countries. It is the complementary policy to globalisation, increasing its benefits and empowering and retraining potential losers. Systemic Industrial Policy supports basic education, training and entrepreneurship in developing countries, promotes FDI and exports in catching-up economies and merges with innovation strategies, cluster policy and dynamic competitiveness in high income countries. It goes beyond combating market failures, as it builds on economic laws, comparative and competitive advantages and changing specialisation patterns. It acknowledges limited knowledge of policy makers, mutual learning and co-operation between firms, institutions and government.     

Industrial Policies in France: The Old and the New

Industrial policy is mainly sector based in France, moulding industrial specialization and often promoting “grand projects.” It intended to make use of economies of scale, specifically in technologically sophisticated sectors and has been labelled as High Tech Colbertism. The European unification and the Single Market Programme has to some extent converted European industrial policy to the horizontal approach, banning sectoral activities, promoting framework policies, and a sound macro economic policy. The Lisbon strategy then designed a new agenda for growth which acknowledged a gap in competitiveness relative to the USA. In France new initiatives were launched in the past decade, which to some extent are echoing the French type of industrial policy. Regional cluster programs (“poles de competitivité”) were introduced, an industrial innovation agency and a national research agency were founded and the Oseo program promotes small and medium firms. The history, preconditions and chances of the new initiatives are analysed.     

5S管理研究

管理创新对经济发展有着重要的意义,它揭示了组织不断为适应环境而优化生产要素的变革规律。“5S”管理起源于日本,是车间精益管理的基础,在各类工业和商业企业中,为了提高生产率和改进质量,“5S”是基础和根本的方法。介绍了“5S”的内涵、原理以及国内外的发展状况。     

Restructuring Europe’s Rustbelt

With the enlargement of the European Union its “Rustbelt”, the mosaic of regions traditionally specialised in heavy industries such as coal and steel, will also be enlarged. The new member states in Eastern Europe have many regions that face industrial decline and need to be restructured. What can these traditional industrial areas learn from the case of the German Ruhrgebiet, one of Europe’s most prominent examples of regional industrial restructuring?     

Prices of raw materials continue to rise

Following the abatement of the boom market during the early months of 1983, the coming months will see an “adjustment” of world market prices for industrial raw materials to “fundamental” market conditions. Price fluctuations are likely during this period. A gradual increase in demand for raw materials and a moderate rise in raw materials prices can be expected during the further course of 1983 and in 1984.     

东北地区资源型城市产业结构升级的战略效应

基于产业结构锁定效应理论,东北地区资源型城市“凤凰涅槃”式产业转型和“腾笼换鸟”式产业转移是实现产业结构升级的有效路径,本文使用PSM-DID方法对东北地区资源型城市的产业结构升级效应进行检验。研究结果表明:东北振兴战略对资源型城市产业转型和产业转移产生了显著的负向影响;东北振兴战略可以通过经济发展、人力资本、工业化、政府规模等影响资源型城市产业转型和产业转移;东北振兴战略既表现出一定的地区异质性,也表现出一定的分类异质性,促进了衰退型和再生型城市产业转移,阻碍了成熟型城市产业转型。因此,应提升资源型城市人力资本水平,突破资源型产业锁定效应,因地制宜地制定产业政策,分类引导资源型城市转型。