青年农民工市民化的制约因素分析

青年农民工市民化,是指他们在身份上获得城市居民相同的合法身份和社会权利的过程,最明显的标志是获得所在地的城市户口及相应的社会权利。但是在推进青年农民工市民化过程中,仍然存在着思想障碍、制度障碍、政策障碍、组织障碍、青年农民工自身素质障碍等方面的限制,制约了青年农民工市民化的顺利推进。     

农民工市民化背景下农民工融入中小企业发展分析

农民工市民化,是指农民工在身份上获得城市居民相同的合法身份和社会权利的过程,它对我国中小企业的发展意义重大。农民工自身素质障碍导致其融入企业发展的困难,要采取相应措施促进农民工融入中小企业发展。     

论农民工市民化进程中的核心社会权利要素

农民工要实现市民化本质上要求其拥有相应的社会权利,而社会权利的获得可以提升农民工市民化的需求与能力。养老问题和住房问题是导致农民工最终无法扎根城市的核心问题。实现社会保险关系的可转移以及提高养老保险领取标准有利于实现其职业的非农业化;加大农民工流出地的保障性住房建设有利于实现其居住地的非乡村化,藉此可以有效地推动农民工市民化进程。     

工人阶级化与市民化:新生代农民工转化的两个问题

与第一代农民工相比,新生代农民工有更为积极的城市定居意愿。但要实现城市定居的意愿,必须实现两个转化:一是工人阶级化,真正成为工人群体;二是市民化,真正成为城市居民。从当前的实际情况来看,新生代农民工的工人阶级化还未完成,其主要表现是只完成了职业身份转变、未完成地位身份的转化,角色意识混乱及其缺乏工人阶级的权利享有;新生代农民工的市民化还难以融入,其主要原因是受到制度隔离、市场压力和社会排斥三要素的阻碍。     

浅析城镇化进程中新生代农民工市民化问题

当前,我国城镇化已经处于快速发展阶段。大量农村人口进入城市,从最初的希望在城市从事非农工作转向为希望在城市中中定居、获得市民身份,而这也产生了许多问题。文章从新生代农民工市民化过程中的主要问题出发,通过对国家相关政策文件的学习,探讨促进新生代农民工市民化合理、健康发展的实现路径。     

影响农民工市民化的主要障碍分析

农民工作为我国城市化进程中形成的一种特殊的群体，它是指常年和大部分时间在城市务工，其职业角色是工人，但户籍仍在农村，其社会身份依然是农民的一部分特殊群体。是农民向市民转化过程中所形成的一个特殊的社会阶层。所谓“农民工市民化”，是指城市农民工在身份、地位、价值观、社会权利以及生产、生活方式等方面，由传统农民向现代市民转化的社会过程。这一转化是传统农民脱胎换骨走向现代文明的过程，是推进社会历史进步的过程，也是实现我国现代化目标的过程。积极实现这一转化，加快农民工市民化，不仅是我国现代社会结构变迁的必然趋势，也是我国现代化、城市化发展的必然要求；同时还是促进我国经济持续、快速和健康发展，全面实现小康社会的重大战略举措；是实现农村剩余劳动力转移和增加农民收入，促进农村经济社会发展和农业现代化建设，全面解决“三农问题”的有效途径；也是确保社会稳定和国家长治久安的重要保证。总之，     

新生代农民工市民化的机制研究

新生代农民工市民化对促进社会经济的健康发展具有重要现实意义.本文从外部牵引力和内在推动力两个角度分析新生代农民工市民化的动力机制,从外部阻障和内在阻障两个角度分析新生代农民工市民化的阻障机制.最后提出了促进新生代农民工市民化的对策.     

基于私人成本与私人收益的农民工市民化意愿研究

农民工市民化有利于提高农村劳动生产率、提高社会资源利用率、促进城市发展、增加人力资本存量、构建和谐社会。农民工市民化意愿的强弱直接关系到农民工市民化的行为。农民工市民化意愿取决于农民工市民化的私人成本和私人收益,私人收益减去私人成本的净收益越大则农民工市民化意愿越强,反之越弱。农民工市民化的私人成本包括生存成本、转移成本、风险成本、精神成本、制度成本和机会成本,农民工市民化的私人收益包括增加收入、增加就业、改善生活质量、改善医疗条件、改善就学条件、提高个人素质。强化农民工市民化意愿,引导农民工市民化,促进我国城市化健康发展,就是要实施有利于增加农民工市民化私人收益和降低农民工市民化私人成本的对策措施。     

社会遗传对新生代农民工市民化的影响

新生代农民工游离于农村和城市之间,在社会转型过程中他们受到社会遗传影响和冲击最大.从社会遗传的环境载体上看,他们本应受到更多的城市社会遗传因素的影响,但是由于社会遗传的意义被人为地强化,传统社会身份的固化与滞留阻碍了他们的身份转变与心理认同,新生代农民工的市民化过程困难重重.从社会遗传角度分析,政府、社会和企业应该为新生代农民工接受城市社会遗传提供有效的途径,推进他们的市民化进程.     

市民化视阈下农民工社会救助问题研究

对于生活在城市的农民工来说,其日常生活中面临着较大的风险,容易陷入困境。因此,社会救助对于农民工来说意义重大。但在现实生活中,由于种种因素限制,农民工在遭遇困境的时候很难得到城市社会救助。这主要有制度体系与法律方面、社会救助资金来源方面、农民工权利意识不强、社会救助主体单一方面四大问题。从这四个方面入手,提出相应解决策略来进一步完善农民工社会救助,促进农民工市民化。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.