我国系统性金融风险的测度与防范

本文结合我国转轨体制特点和当前系统性金融风险状况,基于综合压力指数法从7个维度构建系统性金融风险测度指标体系,集成分析我国2007年1月～2018年12月整体风险状况。结果显示,次贷危机之后,我国系统性金融风险综合指数呈波动上升态势,当前正处于中度风险状态,系统性金融风险压力增大,但整体可控。     

系统性金融风险动态测度与跨部门网络溢出效应研究北大核心

科学、有效地进行系统性金融风险动态测度与溢出效应评估,直接关系到我国金融体系重大风险的防范与化解。本文基于金融压力指数法进行系统性金融风险动态测度,构建跨部门风险溢出网络,论证多维风险因子对系统性金融风险驱动作用的结构性差异和系统重要性。研究结果表明:第一,危机时期,跨部门风险协同运动趋势明显,风险跨部门溢出方向和强度均具有非对称性。第二,外汇市场、债券市场和房地产市场是主要的风险溢出方,在危机时期,金融机构、股票市场和外汇市场是系统性金融风险重要的传播渠道。第三,股票市场估值水平、投资者情绪和经济政策不确定性对系统性金融风险水平的驱动作用呈倒U型,在系统性金融风险测度指数分布的右尾,大宗商品价格波动的驱动作用最大。第四,随机森林算法测度的风险驱动因子重要度证明,投资者情绪和大宗商品市场价格波动因子对系统性金融风险拐点的出现具有关键性影响。     

基于金融风险压力指数的系统性金融风险评估研究

加强宏观审慎管理成为国际金融危机后主要国际组织和经济体进行金融监管改革的核心内容,而防范系统性金融风险是宏观审慎管理的根本目标。本文在研究系统性金融风险相关理论的基础上,设计构建作为系统性金融风险测度指标的系统性金融风险压力指数,并对上海市的情况开展实证研究。     

企业杠杆率、宏观经济景气指数与系统性金融风险

打赢防范化解重大金融风险攻坚战是打好"三大攻坚战"的重要任务之一。本文在对企业杠杆率、宏观经济景气指数与系统性金融风险关联性进行理论分析的基础上,利用复合系统性压力指数法测度了我国系统性金融风险,并建立了马尔可夫区制状态转换模型,以挖掘企业杠杆率、宏观经济景气指数及系统性金融风险之间的非线性动态关联机制。研究表明,样本期内我国系统性金融风险水平波动明显;企业杠杆率、宏观经济景气指数与系统性金融风险间存在动态关联,且两区制特征明显,高压力时期的关联效应比低压力时期更显著;企业杠杆率对系统性金融风险的直接影响不显著,但会通过影响宏观经济对系统性金融风险产生间接影响;宏观经济景气指数与系统性金融风险相互间存在负向影响。鉴此,现阶段应控制好从"结构性去杠杆"向"稳杠杆"转变的节奏,利用"双支柱调控"熨平局部金融失衡和杠杆结构性问题;同时,密切关注部门间金融风险的交叉传染,提升经济发展质量,进而从根本上防范化解系统性金融风险。     

湖南省银行业压力指数的构建——基于主成分分析方法

对金融风险进行实时、有效的测度,是维护金融稳定、防范金融危机的前提,更是构建金融预警体系必不可少的基础。本文借鉴金融压力指数的构建方法,结合区域金融运行的特点,采用6个代表性指标,运用主成分分析法,构建了一个能有效测度湖南省银行业实时压力状况的银行业压力指数。     

跨境资本流动对系统性金融风险的时变影响研究

经济金融全球化背景下,跨境资本流动既带来资源优化也带来金融风险。本文基于系统性金融风险成因,结合中国金融市场特点,从5个维度选取24个有代表性的指标,运用因子分析法构建系统性金融风险指数,测度我国整体所处的金融风险状态。同时,基于测度出的系统性金融风险指标,选取各变量2006年1月～2022年9月的月度数据,建立能够识别变量间时变关系的TVP-SV-VAR模型,分析跨境资本流动对我国系统性金融风险的时变影响。研究结果表明,跨境资本流动对我国系统性金融风险的影响呈现出非线性的时变特征,短期内跨境资本流入会降低我国系统性金融风险水平,而长期来看反而会增加系统性金融风险,但跨境资本流动的这种时变特征随着金融开放深化而有所减弱;短期内跨境资本流入对股票市场价格有明显的正向促进作用;随着汇率改革深化,跨境资本流动对人民币实际汇率的冲击效应逐渐下降。因此,我国要加强跨境资本流动监测,完善“宏观审慎+微观监管”一体化框架;深化汇率市场化改革,增强人民币汇率弹性;推进资本市场双向开放,推动实现高质量发展。     

普惠金融、金融深化与金融稳定--基于ARDL-ECM模型估计

本文利用中国1988~2016年宏观经济数据、金融数据,分别构建金融压力指数与普惠金融发展指数来反映我国的金融稳定状况和普惠金融发展状况,并利用ARDL-ECM模型来分析金融压力指数、普惠金融发展水平、金融深化水平之间的关系。实证结果表明我国普惠金融的发展虽然短期会加大系统性金融风险,但是长期来看是有利于金融稳定的。并且对于我国来说金融深化短期内有利于缓解系统性金融风险,但是长期不利于金融稳定。同时,长期内金融深化可以加大普惠金融对金融稳定的有利影响,但是短期却会加大普惠金融不利于金融稳定的作用。     

基于房地产市场的我国系统性金融风险测度与预警研究

本文阐释了基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险形成机制,据此建立了分阶段、跨部门的房地产市场的系统性金融风险网络模型,并运用2006-2017年16家上市银行数据,分析和测度了我国房价大幅下跌所引发的系统性金融风险水平和结构,构建了基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险预警指标并进行测算。研究发现:在房价下跌30%的压力情景下,我国金融体系的潜在总损失总体呈级数式上升,年均增长22.70%;基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险值(SR)呈现先上升后波动下降的总体趋势;系统性金融风险(SR)的脆弱性指标(FLI)整体呈现波浪式振荡变化,且与房地产贷款/权益整体呈反向变动,系统性金融风险(SR)的传染性指标(CTI)在2012-2017年呈持续下降趋势,且与金融市场压力指数、金融机构间资产占总资产比重呈现出高度的一致性变化趋势。最后,基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险预警指标(SRWI)值呈收敛式振荡走势,表明基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险总体可控且呈收敛式下降。     

基于房地产市场的我国系统性金融风险测度与预警研究

本文阐释了基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险形成机制,据此建立了分阶段、跨部门的房地产市场的系统性金融风险网络模型,并运用2006-2017年16家上市银行数据,分析和测度了我国房价大幅下跌所引发的系统性金融风险水平和结构,构建了基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险预警指标并进行测算。研究发现:在房价下跌30%的压力情景下,我国金融体系的潜在总损失总体呈级数式上升,年均增长22.70%;基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险值(SR)呈现先上升后波动下降的总体趋势;系统性金融风险(SR)的脆弱性指标(FLI)整体呈现波浪式振荡变化,且与房地产贷款/权益整体呈反向变动,系统性金融风险(SR)的传染性指标(CTI)在2012-2017年呈持续下降趋势,且与金融市场压力指数、金融机构间资产占总资产比重呈现出高度的一致性变化趋势。最后,基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险预警指标(SRWI)值呈收敛式振荡走势,表明基于房地产市场的系统性金融风险总体可控且呈收敛式下降。     

基于资金流量表的我国系统性金融风险指数测度研究

本文基于我国2001—2020年资金流量表数据，使用风险传染网络模型方法，对我国部门间金融风险传染效应进行分析，并测度了我国系统性金融风险指数。研究发现，金融部门是我国部门间金融风险传染的主要承担者；我国宏观金融网络的稳健性在党的十九大后明显增强，各部门引发的风险传染总损失效应整体呈震荡波动态势，但2018年以来总损失效应明显低于之前的平均水平；本文测算出的系统性金融风险指数与M2/GDP的走势在多个时间点较为吻合，其对于防范化解系统性金融风险具有前瞻性预警作用。基于此，本文从加强对金融部门的风险监测与管理，加强对政府部门和国外部门的风险监测，进一步完善宏观审慎政策框架等方面提出政策建议。     

两权分离度、信息不对称与债务融资选择 — 基于中国民营上市公司的样本分析

本文主要探讨了我国民营上市公司终极控制人的两权分离程度与银行借款和公开 发债选择之间的关系,以2011-2015年我国民营上市公司的面板数据为样本,利用多元回归分 析方法进行研究。结果表明两权分离程度越大,公司进行债务融资时越倾向于银行借款;当信 息不对称程度越低、信息透明程度越高时,公司倾向于选择公开发债,两权分离程度较大导致 的代理问题也会得到弱化。结论符合有效市场理论。     

Corporate ownership structure and the choice between bank debt and public debt

This article examines the relation between a borrowing firm's ownership structure and its choice of debt source using a novel data set on corporate ownership, control, and debt structures for 9,831 firms in 20 countries from 2001 to 2010. We find that the divergence between the control rights and cash-flow rights of a borrowing firm's largest ultimate owner has a significant negative impact on the firm's reliance on bank debt financing. In addition, we show that the control-ownership divergence affects other aspects of debt structure including debt maturity and security. Our results indicate that firms controlled by large shareholders with excess control rights may choose public debt financing over bank debt as a way of avoiding scrutiny and insulating themselves from bank monitoring.     

The Choice of Debt Source by UK Firms

We examine the choice of borrowing source among public debt, syndicated bank loans, bilateral bank loans and non‐bank private debt. Using a sample of 400 non‐financial firms over the period 2000–2012, we find strong support for the reputational theory of borrowing source. Larger firms are more likely to borrow in public debt markets. Bank dependent firms are less likely to borrow in public debt markets and choose between bank and non‐bank private debt based on maturity, collateral available to lenders and other firm characteristics. These results are consistent with the role of borrower reputation being the primary determinant of borrowing source for UK listed firms.     

Board reforms and debt choice

In this study, we examine the impact of board reforms on the choice between bank and public debt. Using a large sample of firm-year observations from 29 countries and a difference-in-difference setting, we find that major board reforms lead to a decrease in bank debt ratio, particularly in companies where bank debt is used for monitoring purposes, suggesting that bank debt and board reforms are substitutes for monitoring managers' actions. We also find that board reforms' adoption is associated with a facilitated access to alternative financing sources with better terms than bank debt. In an additional analysis, we show that the decrease in bank debt ratio is stronger for firms with higher information opacity and those in countries with strong institutional environment. More importantly, we provide evidence that the decrease in bank debt post-reform increases firm value, indicating that the substitution between bank monitoring and board monitoring is a value-enhancing decision. Taken collectively, we conclude that the need for bank monitoring is endogenously determined by the strength of alternative governance mechanisms (i.e. board governance).     

证券交易所一线监管与公司债务融资——基于财务报告问询函的证据

本文从债权人保护视角检验证券交易所一线监管对公司债务融资的影响.研究发现,上市公司收到财务报告问询函后新增银行借款和商业信用均减少,并且问询函所暴露出的问题越严重、公司信息环境或会计信息质量越差,新增银行借款和商业信用减少的幅度就越大.进一步研究发现,不同特征的财务报告问询函对债务融资的影响不同;财务报告问询函对公司债务融资的影响在民营企业和货币政策宽松的年度更明显.研究说明,证券交易所一线监管能够有效保护债权人的利益,维护资本市场的健康发展.     

Bank Debt Restructurings and the Composition of Exchange Offers in Financial Distress

This article examines the relation between bank debt forgiveness and the structure of public debt exchange offers in financial distress. I find that the structure of exchange offers and the likelihood of an offer's success are significantly related to whether the bank participates in the restructuring transaction. Exchange offers made in conjunction with bank concessions are characterized by significantly greater reductions in public debt outstanding and significantly less senior debt offered to bondholders. Overall, the results suggest that the structure of a firm's public and private claims significantly affects the firm's ability to modify its capital structure in financial distress.     

Information asymmetry,external certification,and the cost of bank debt

This paper examines how the cost of bank debt reflects public information about borrower quality, and whether such information complements or substitutes the private information of banks. Using a sample of small business loans, and the award of a competitive public subsidy as an observable positive signal of external certification, we find that certification is associated with a lower cost of debt for subsidy recipients if the amount of private information of the lender is limited or the local credit market is less competitive. Public information loses importance once the bank accumulates information over the course of the lending relationship or the credit market is more competitive. Our results highlight a positive effect of external certification, driven by the signal it provides to both the lending bank and its competitors, and suggest that public and private information can be substitutes in the pricing of bank debt.     

Internal Capital Markets and Capital Structure: Bank Versus Internal Debt

We argue that domestic business groups are able to actively optimise the internal/external debt mix across their subsidiaries. Novel to the literature, we use bi‐level data (i.e. data from both individual subsidiary financial statements and consolidated group level financial statements) to model the bank and internal debt concentration of non‐financial Belgian private business group affiliates. As a benchmark, we construct a size and industry matched sample of non‐group affiliated (stand‐alone) companies. We find support for a pecking order of internal debt over bank debt at the subsidiary level which leads to a substantially lower bank debt concentration for group affiliates as compared to stand‐alone companies. The internal debt concentration of a subsidiary is mainly driven by the characteristics of the group's internal capital market. The larger its available resources, the more intra‐group debt is used while bank debt financing at the subsidiary level decreases. However, as the group's overall debt level mounts, groups increasingly locate bank borrowing in subsidiaries with low costs of external financing (i.e. large subsidiaries with important collateral assets) to limit moral hazard and dissipative costs. Overall, our results are consistent with the existence of a complex group wide optimisation process of financing costs.     

The global financial crisis and the capital structure of firms: Was the impact more severe among SMEs and non-listed firms?

Using a dataset covering about 276,998 firms across 75 countries over the period 2004–2011, this paper examines the short-run evolution of firms' capital structures following the start of the global financial crisis and its immediate aftermath, comparing the experience of already levered SMEs, large non-listed firms, and listed companies. We find that firm leverage and debt maturity declined both in advanced economies and in developing countries, even in those that did not experience a crisis. The deleveraging and maturity reduction were particularly significant for non-listed firms, including both SMEs as well as large non-listed companies. For SMEs, these effects were larger in countries with less efficient legal systems, weaker information sharing mechanisms, less developed financial sectors, and with more restrictions on bank entry. In contrast, there is weaker evidence of a significant decline in leverage and debt maturity among listed companies which are typically much larger than other firms and likely to benefit from the “spare tire” of easier access to capital market financing. Though our results are robust to many changes in sample and specification, we cannot rule out that survivorship bias and attrition could affect our estimates to some degree.     

中国民营上市公司债务融资破产威胁功效的实证研究

以2002～2007年陷入财务危机的民营上市公司（ST公司）为研究样本．通过相关分析实证检验了中国债务融资的破产威胁功效.研究发现,中国民营上市公司债务融资总体上对财务状况恶劣的公司起到了债务治理作用,发挥了破产威胁功效。短期债务能够对陷入财务危机的民营上市公司起到改善业绩的作用,较好地发挥破产威胁功效,而长期债务未能发挥破产威胁作用。银行贷款能够促进陷入财务困境的民营上市公司改善业绩,发挥破产威胁功效,而商业信用却没能发挥破产威胁功效。