South Asia tourism development

Graham Brown, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Tourism, Dorset Institute of Higher Education, describes the responses of three disparate countries to opportunities for growth in their tourism industries. Within the context of increasing demand for long-haul holidays in Europe, the report focuses on government policies toward tourism in India, the Maldives and Bhutan — policies which are reflected in initiatives taken by the respective national tourism departments.     

Yugoslavia: booming tourism on the adriatic coast

A sudden increase in the number of tourists coming from the UK has helped Yugoslavia to achieve record tourism levels in 1984 and 1985. John Sallnow, Senior Lecturer in Geography, Department of Geographical Sciences at Plymouth Polytechnic describes the internal and external factors which have led to this increase, together with further improvements to the tourism system which are required if Yugoslavia is to achieve projected targets.     

Conference tourism — a salesman's dream

Conference tourism is thought to be booming, indeed the term a ‘salesman's dream’¹ has been used, but there is actually a dearth of evidence to support this claim. The perceived conference tourism demand is largely derived from ‘informed speculation’. George Hughes, Lecturer in Planning and Tourism in the Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh, describes the types of statistics available and the three basic methods used to generate estimates of demand. The lack of comparability among methods and the non-rigorous sampling procedures make estimates of demand unreliable as indicators of future development.     

Global Event Management: a critique

Within the professional Event Management literature considerable claims have been made for Event Management. Investment in the area and student enrolments has risen dramatically. In some circles, Event Management is portrayed as challenging Leisure Studies and even undermining it. However, if one examines the professional literature, one quickly finds that it is overwhelmingly uncritical and self-congratulatory. The relationship between Events, manipulation, corruption and social control has not been rigorously examined. This paper distinguishes the main types of Global Event (Single Issue and Cyclical). It attempts a balanced account of the claims made by Event Management. It examines data from Live Aid, the FIFA World Cup and the Sydney Olympics to test the claims against practice. It also includes two longer examinations of Global Event Management, namely the Sydney Mardi Gras and the Live 8 (2005) concert. The paper concludes that Event Management is based in principles from neo-liberalism and communitarianism. This produces an attitude to Events and leisure which is Reformist. This perspective is contrasted with the critical tradition in Leisure Studies which supports a more radical perspective on leisure.     

旅游学科升格的理路探析

由于政府指令性学科专业目录的存在,旅游学科在中国的成长受到外在制度的束缚“,工商管理”一级学科下“旅游管理”二级学科的设置现状,对高等旅游教育和旅游业健康发展极为不利,遂有旅游学科升格之需。文章从“学科”意蕴的探讨入手,审视了学科专业目录规制的内在危机及其在旅游学科发展中的矛盾表现,借用学术性和实践性二维学科评价标准,分析说明了创建旅游管理一级学科的逻辑依据,并引入学科发展的一般逻辑和“好旅游”的基本框架,提出了旅游管理一级学科内部架构设计的三种基本模式。文章的主要观点是：在指令性学科专业目录尚不能彻底否定的前提下,允许并支持部分新兴学科升格,是政府优化学科管理制度的明智选择;创建旅游管理一级学科符合学术逻辑和社会需求逻辑,是旅游知识共同体当下的具体任务,意义不容小觑;遵从学理与应用相统一的逻辑,旅游管理一级学科的架构有对接本科专业目录设计、垂直设计和水平设计三种基本模式;推动旅游学科的升格,会引发学科基本命题的再思考,发挥带动学科内涵建设的作用。     

The green globe programme: Developing a greener future for travel and tourism

This paper examines the concept of sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand and its relationship to the Resource Management Act. The paper considers the public sector planning responses towards tourism development issues within the context of New Zealand's Resource Management Act, and the ability of these organisations to respond to tourism issues. It argues that the absence of a national vision for tourism is a major constraint on achieving sustainable tourism options at the regional and local level because the Resource Management Act s principles of sustainable planning are not guided by any national policy or strategy. By using a postal questionnaire, the paper provides the first in-depth analysis of planners responses to tourism and their ability to integrate tourism into the planning process within New Zealand. The paper also expands the arguments initially developed by Dredge &; Moore (1992) on the lack of integration in relation to tourism and planning.     

New Public Management in tourism: a case study of York

Issues concerning destination governance continue to engender much interest and debate in the development of more sustainable forms of tourism. This study explores the implications of a New Public Management approach to tourist destination governance in the historic City of York. Using secondary data, as well as drawing on interviews with a range of destination stakeholders, this study seeks to understand how market ideology is, via the notion of New Public Management, transforming tourism governance in the city. Rather than leading to greater levels of stakeholder engagement, the study demonstrates how the outsourcing of destination management functions to a private sector organisation has had the opposite effect, including a weakening of accountability and the widening of a democratic deficit. The paper provides a unique insight into how public policy discourses manifest themselves at the local level, with implications for tourist destination governance. A critique of New Public Management is offered which extends our understanding of tourism governance structures and stakeholder engagement, with implications for sustainable tourism development discussed.     

Revisiting the financing behavior of restaurant firms: The firm-size perspective

In International Journal of Hospitality Management, Jang and Ryu [Jang, S., Ryu, K., 2006. Cross-balance sheet interdependencies of restaurant firms: a canonical correlation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management 25 (1), 159–166] published a research article about the financing behavior of restaurant firms, using a canonical correlation analysis. Even though the study presents a general picture of financing in restaurant firms, the financing behaviors of firms of different sizes may differ because they often face different financing environments. Thus, this study re-examines restaurant firms and compares the results with Jang and Ryu [Jang, S., Ryu, K., 2006. Cross-balance sheet interdependencies of restaurant firms: a canonical correlation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management 25 (1), 159–166] to further enhance the understanding of the financing behaviors. The results show that, despite the differences in firm sizes, overall financing behaviors are similar to those reported by Jang and Ryu [Jang, S., Ryu, K., 2006. Cross-balance sheet interdependencies of restaurant firms: a canonical correlation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management 25 (1), 159–166], although they also suggest that restaurant firms of different sizes do indeed exhibit some different cross-balance sheet interdependencies including relatively more reliance on accounts payable among small and medium firms and more use of long-term debts among large firms. Moreover, long-term assets related to stockholder equity more among large firms but related to supplier credit more among small and medium firms.     

The role of research in the hospitality industry: A content analysis of the IJHM between 2000 and 2005

This article analyzes academic research from the International Journal of Hospitality Management (IJHM), as it applies to the dimensions of the management process related to the Research Methodologies proposed by Ritchie [1987. Roles of Research in Tourism Management. In: Ritchie, J.R.B, Goeldner, C. (Eds.), Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality Research. Wiley, New York, pp. 13–22]. This analysis provides insight on the evolution of research published in the IJHM from 2000 to 2005 and compares the results with previous studies. The IJHM has evolved in to an empirical journal with highly sophisticated methodologies and procedures. Therefore, the intention of this article is to provide a vision of the current research efforts in hospitality while providing a better contextual understanding of the directions and trends in qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.     

Environmental Management Systems in Outdoor Recreation: A Case Study of a Forest Enterprise (UK) Site

Management of environmental impacts is a key requisite to achieve sustainable tourism and recreation; and Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) provide the framework to assess, plan, act upon, control and monitor environmental management and performance. Although a large proportion of tourism and recreation sites would be in a position to work towards an EMS, few of them are aware of what they need to do to implement such systems. This case study analyses to what extent the elements of an EMS are present in the current management of a Forest Enterprise site in the UK providing outdoor recreation, promoting nature conservation and producing timber. This paper demonstrates how an EMS can be applied to put a structure to the management of a multi-purpose site, and concludes that this site, representative of other Forest Enterprise sites, can meet the basic demands of an EMS.     

Rates of pay in the British hotel and catering industry

This section is intended to supply the readers with quick information on recent developments in Hospitality Management.Reseach Notes may consist of: (1) new research findings including preliminary data from pilot studies; (2) reports on small research projects not requiring extensive presentation; (3) case study reports that describe a truly new phenomenon; (4) methodological comments; (5) brief theoretical statements that are either an original contribution or comments on previously published studies. All such notes must be prepared in the appropriate International Journal of Hospitality Management style and not exceed 800 words.Research Notes should be sent in duplicate to: Dr. Abraham Pizam, Research Notes Editor, Dept. of Hotel, Restaurant and Travel Administration, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. They are refereed by the Section Editor.     

Exploring the Relationships Between Hotel Management Courses and Industry Required Competencies

ABSTRACT

Recently, higher education in Taiwan for the hospitality industry has grown dramatically. However, hospitality education is still considered a relative newborn in comparison with other programs. To develop effective programs, it would be appropriate to investigate competencies that influence career success in the hotel industry and the courses that nurture those important competencies.

A researcher-developed survey instrument was used to collect data from 200 industry professionals. Instrument reliability and validity were reported. The results revealed the competencies relating to communication and adaptability most influenced career success. Moreover, Finance/Marketing/Personnel Management, Foreign Languages, and Communications & Quality Management curriculum dimensions were significantly related to competencies of “communication skills & adaptation to environmental changes.”     

Conference Report: BEST Education Network Think Tank V: Managing Risk and Crisis for Sustainable Tourism: Research and Innovation

Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry. D. Glaesser. Amsterdam: Butterworth Heinemann. 2003. 0-7506-5976-9     

The effect of subordinates’ gender on the difference between self-ratings,and superiors’ ratings,of subordinates’ performance in hotels

An appropriate means of subordinate managers’ performance evaluation in an organisation is crucial for identifying their strength and weaknesses for maintaining job commitment, and improving performance on on-going basis [Church, A., 1995. First-rate multirater feedback. Training and Development 49, 42–43; Church, A., Bracken, D., 1997. Advancing the state of the art of 360-degree feedback. Group and Organisation Management 22, 149–161; Atwater, L., Yammarino, F., 1997. Self-other rating agreement: a review and model. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management. 15, 121–174]. The debate, on whether there is difference between subordinates’ self-ratings of their performance, and superiors’ ratings of it is better, continues. This is because the extant literature is inconclusive. This study contributes towards resolution of the debate at least for the hotel industry in Australia.     

旅游院校创建会展管理专业的SWOT分析与发展思路——以上海师范大学旅游学院为例

本文以上海师范大学旅游学院为例 ,用SWOT战略分析法对旅游院校开设会展管理专业的内外部环境进行剖析 ,并得出观念创新、目标创新、制度创新等发展思路。     

Report: The International Conference on Environmental,Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability

Tourism Public Policy and the Strategic Management of Failure. William Revill Kerr. Oxford: Elsevier. 2003. 0-08-044200-5     

旅游管理研究生综合素质培养思路探讨

面对目前旅游管理研究生就业难的现象,分析当前旅游管理研究生培养中存在的问题和原因,有针对性地从教育方法、教学内容等方面提出一些合理化建议,以促进旅游管理研究生综合素质的提高。     

Tourism today: A geographical analysis : by D.G. Pearce Longman, Harlow, 1986, 229 pages, £9.95

Chris Cooper, of Surrey University's Department of Management Studies for Tourism and Hotel Industries, describes the uses and significance of the technique of interpretation in providing an interface between the tourist destination and the visitor. Interpretation can enhance the visitor experience by making the attributes of the resort more comprehensible.     

Introduction to the special issue: Consumer experience management and customer journeys in tourism,hospitality and events

This special edition focuses on “Consumer Experience Management and Customer Journeys in Tourism, Hospitality and Events”. This introduction considers current topics concerning researchers and practitioners about consumer journeys and experience management and introduces the six papers in the special issue. We would like to thank the authors and reviewers for this special issue.