建立沪宁线行车安全实时控制模式

利用信息技术带动行车安全装备的系统配套是确保行车安全的一个重要课题。为此沪宁线正在建设安全监控示范线，旨在探索建立中国铁路行车安全监控系统的模式。从“信号联锁”概念的延伸，提出建立行车“闭环控制”模式的设想，并以此为行车控制理念，提出建立沪宁线行车安全实时控制系统的初步构想。     

铁路道口安全微波自动监控系统的研究

铁路列车的大面积提速,使铁路道口的行车安全问题日益突出,根据铁路仍存在大量无人看守监护道口的情况,以及我国铁路机车与道口监控设备的设计、使用状况,研究“铁路道口安全微波自动监控系统”,使列车在通过道口前的适当距离内,司机能及时观察到前方道口的情况,并在道口未关闭或发生突发事件时收到遥控停车信号,为确保铁路道口的行车安全提供保障。     

铁路行车安全保障体系实施框架研究

根据我国铁路运输的实际情况，从“人-机-环境”的角度，运用系统科学的研究方法，提出应由行车人员安全保障系统、设施设备安全保障系统、环境安全报警保障系统和行车安全应急救援系统构成一个统一的铁路行车安全保障体系，通过网络实现资源共享，为铁路行车安全保障提供了构思框架，并对有关问题提出了深入研究的建议。     

沪宁线初步建成行车安全监控系统

2001年，上海铁路局为确保行车安全和运输畅通，根据《铁路主要技术政策》的有关要求，率先在沪宁线部署建立行车安全监控系统的工作。围绕行车设备安全状态，开发、研制出一定数量的系列监测设备，建起了连接各项监测设备的信息传输网络，搭建了监测数据交换平台，实现了不同信息系统的综合集成、信息共享和综合利用。     

铁路机务非正常情况行车的安全预警系统的建立

铁路机务非正常情况行车是指由于站场技术设备施工、设备(机车、监控装置、机车信号)故障、不良天气等情况影响，造成不能按照正常的行车办法行车的情况。处于非正常情况下，机车配备的一些安全保障装置不能正常发挥作用，行车中的一些不安全因素得不到有效控制，给行车安全造成极大威胁。进行“铁路机务非正常情况行车安全预警”研究的主要目的是：结合铁路运输的实际情况，通过建立相应的预警系统，采取必要的预控措施，从而预防事故的发生，保证行车安全。     

铁路危险货物罐车运输三级监控系统研究

针对铁路危险货物运输需求不断增加,而办理业务的信息技术手段相对落后,危险货物罐车运输存在安全隐患,提出建立铁路危险货物罐车运输三级监控系统。以铁路危险货物罐车运输车载动态监控关键技术为基础,以新技术集成与综合应用为核心,确定系统构建的目标和原则、系统功能模块和基础数据,并对系统的核心技术进行研究和设计,实现对铁路危险货物罐车运输的全过程监控。     

铁路行车作业自动揭示监控系统的研究

在阐述铁路行车作业自动揭示监控系统功能目标与设计思想、原则的基础上,提出系统模型的组织结构、功能结构及系统程序的结构设计方案。针对行车作业揭示流程模块、TDCS和现车同步模块、智能防溜设备交互模块、自动语音模块及远程复示管理模块进行程序设计与实现,最后进一步研究该系统的特征,以确保行车作业安全。     

机车视频智能监控系统功能设计探讨

机车乘务员的操作行为对铁路行车安全至关重要,机车视频智能监控系统是通过监测机车运行中乘务员的操作行为,判断其是否符合相关标准规范的智能系统。基于既有系统中视频数据结构存在异状、场景较为单一、分析方法受限、现场生产效率低下等问题,围绕机车视频智能监控系统设计原则,以及地面视频智能分析、智能识别机车运行中乘务员的操作行为等设计目标,针对系统中地面设备、车载智能设备,优化其总体架构,并提出机车视频离线分析自动化、乘务员行为实时分析、视频存储轻量化、行车安全分析数据化4个关键功能,从而监督乘务员岗位操作是否符合标准规范要求,提高视频监控的效率和视频监控范围全覆盖,更好消除铁路运输中存在的重大行车安全隐患。     

提速线路的安全保障体系探讨

为确保铁路提速列车的行车安全,提出建立实时监控的提速线路安全保障体系。该体系主要由行车人员安全保障体系;设施设备安全保障体系;环境安全报警保障体系和行车安全应急救援体系等部分组成。重点论述了各体系的组成内容和主要功能。     

铁路行车技术作业时间标准仿真验证系统研究与设计

铁路行车技术作业时间标准是铁路运营组织的重要标准,直接影响铁路行车组织效率和行车安全。随着铁路设备更新改造和运营组织优化,部分既有行车技术作业时间标准亟需重新查定,研制开发铁路行车技术作业时间标准仿真验证系统可以有效提高标准的科学性并降低查定成本。基于我国铁路行车技术设备和作业流程,对铁路行车技术作业时间标准仿真验证系统进行需求分析和系统总体设计,并提出自动牵引计算、列车群并行仿真计算、仿真流程等系统关键技术。最后,运用铁路行车技术作业时间标准仿真验证系统进行实例分析。     

Profiling road transport activity: Emissions from 2000 to 2005 in Ireland using national car test data

This work describes a methodology for determining the average vehicle kilometres travelled by the private national car fleet in Ireland and estimating the disaggregated CO₂ and NO_x emissions from private vehicles in the Irish road transport sector for the period 2000–2005 using national car test records. The developed methodology facilitates the calculation of greatly improved estimates for vehicle kilometres under a range of constraint variables and thereby enables the disaggregated analysis of specific vehicle fleet groups and their associated activity patterns to support evidence-based policy development. The results indicate that while older vehicles are contributing significantly to car NO_x emissions; newer cars produce a higher share of CO₂ emissions than older cars in the vehicle fleet.     

Temporal variance of revealed preference on-street parking price elasticity

This paper utilises revealed-preference parking trend data from parking meters ex ante and ex post of a general 50% price increase in the hourly cost of on-street parking to estimate the on-street parking price elasticity of demand in an area of Dublin, Ireland. Estimates are presented for the aggregate price elasticity of demand level and individual estimates for specific time periods and days of the week. In terms of reduced parking frequency, the average price elasticity of demand reported is −0.29. Daily average estimates are consistent, with one notable exception being Thursday, a ‘late night shopping’ day for which a lower price sensitivity is reported. Morning periods are also shown to be more responsive than other time periods in the test area, indicating some potential for influencing morning inbound peak traffic levels.     

Strategic travel planning toward future emission targets—A comparative analysis of 20 Swedish municipalities applying the CERO model

Organizations displaying best practices for attaining proactive sustainability targets at local level are of major importance as role models in the transition toward a sustainable transport system. This study summarizes results and conclusions from 20 municipalities in Sweden that have implemented the so called CERO analysis in order to adapt to future emission targets for travel. The overall aim of the study is to identify factors explaining why some municipalities are more successful than others in a benchmarking comparison.

The results indicate that commuting by car is by far the most dominant source of emissions, constituting on average 76% of total annual travel emissions (including both commuting and business travel). In order to reduce these emissions, travel planning programs within organizations must address both commuting conditions and business travel conditions to reduce car dependence for work travel, e.g., employees using private cars for business trips most likely also use their own cars for commuting. To identify potential success factors as regards emissions-efficient travel, three comparative statistical analyses were conducted: grouping municipalities with low emissions in relation to the total average; analysis of car commuters' willingness to change travel mode; and before-and-after analyses of municipalities implementing specific action plans. The results revealed that municipalities conducting follow-up studies 2 years after implementing travel planning programs all lowered their total CO₂ emissions, by on average 10% during a 2-year period. Overall, these municipalities achieved redistribution to alternative travel modes but also reduced total travel mileage.     

When the Past Poses Beside the Present: Aestheticising Politics and Nationalising Modernity in a Postcolonial Time

This article focuses on the Tunisian government's tourist promotion policies during the 1990s. It takes a Deleuzian perspective, using the notion of crystalline narration developed by the author of The Time-Image. I will emphasise the idea of coalescence between past and present as revealed in the advertising images of the period where heritage objects appear among other contemporary objects.

In fact, I will draw on a corpus of short films and commercials produced by the Tunisian tourism bureau to be broadcast both inside and outside the country. My analysis will focus on the ways in which actors in the fields of politics and tourism use these objects for media purposes, targeting both Tunisians and foreign tourists to whom they strive to hold up a crystal-image of Tunisia. This image is shored up by a political discourse put forward by a state that wishes to appear both to its citizens and to others as reconciling past and present. The crystal metaphor evokes a narrative mode in which heritage is likened to the glittering of scattered crystals and Tunisian identity seems to emerge from the ‘mists of time’ with sparkling refractions on ‘tips of the present’.     

Intermodal routing of Canada–Mexico shipments under NAFTA

This paper obtains the optimal routings for intermodal containerized transport from Canada to Mexico. Such traffic is being stimulated by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but the cost and lead times of feasible routes are not well known. We summarize the links and routes to Mexico on which one or more carriers now operate, and then determine non-dominated tradeoffs between cost and service. Every southbound route from Canada requires a transshipment point in the southern or southwestern U. S. Feasible transshipment points are also candidate locations for a manufacturing ‘twin plant’, a distribution centre, or a transportation hub. Here, as a first step in this bigger problem, a network is constructed between five Canadian origins and three important Mexican destinations. Each link employs available intermodal services whose transit time and transportation cost are obtained through industry sources. A shortest-path algorithm enables calculation of the route requiring least time and the route of minimum cost. Non-dominated time/cost tradeoffs are identified for each origin–destination pair. After including inventory expenses (by parametrizing the unit value of lead time), total-cost curves then eliminate some routing alternatives. Guidelines are provided on the effects of mode, carrier, and O–D locations on selection of intermodal routes to Mexico. Finally, two new intermodal services are proposed and their benefits discussed.     

企业筹资中亟待重视非显性成本的管理

在企业筹资过程中,必然会导致非显性成本的产生。非显性成本具有不可控、误导等特性,往往掩盖企业总成本的真实性,影响决策的预期效应,影响经济决策的科学判断和正确选择。因此,不能把非显性成本排除在经济形势观察的视野之外,为此对铁路企业筹资中降低非显性成本提出有关建议。     

我国西部交通发展战略与措施探讨

地区间发展不平衡、东西部差距加大,已成为我国国民经济和社会全面持续发展的羁绊,而交通是其中的一个主要影响因素。针对目前我国西部交通发展建设中存在的问题,对西部交通的发展战略目标和设想进行了探讨,提出了建立西部综合运输体系新格局,以及加快西部交通发展的建议。     

Advancing consumer behaviour theory in tourism via visual narrative art

This paper advances (i) propositions of consumer behaviour theory in tourism via storytelling theory and (ii) skills in decoding elements and subtle details that appear in ‘good stories’ versus not‐so‐good stories within travel contexts. The present paper presents a set of iconic story symbols for use in decoding stories and shows how to use these tools for decoding tourism‐related narratives. Practice using these visual iconic symbols in decoding stories achieves effective storytelling learning via cognitive sculpting; that is, learning improves from moving and arranging (sculpting) potentially three‐dimensional story or electronically movable icons while talking or writing narratives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Business travellers' perception of service quality: a prefatory study of two European city centre hotels

The business traveller contributes significantly to the turnover of the hotel industry and, with the globalisation of business, this sector shows signs of increasing growth. Service quality has now become one of the main factors used to gain competitive advantage, thus the industry must focus more specifically on the needs and expectations of its business customers. The aim of this paper is to focus on the business travel market and more specifically on the comparison of two hotels in two European cities, Brussels and Manchester. This area of research has not been attempted before and will provide an interesting comparison with findings in USA. A literature review identified the relevant attributes used to measure service quality, which were utilised to design a questionnaire, distributed to customers in a five star hotel in Manchester and in Brussels. The primary data obtained were then compared with the findings of other researchers. The analysis indicated that Brussels scored the majority of the attributes more highly (many significantly) than did Manchester. This may be influenced by the international profile of the Brussels respondents who tended to travel on business more frequently than the Manchester sample. The comparisons with the USA surveys found some inconsistencies that might be attributed to societal differences.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东铁路运输需求发展趋势及对策研究

针对未来10年山东经济和社会对铁路客货运输需求的发展趋势,从分析铁路运输需求总量、结构和质量入手,指出铁路仍是中、长途客运市场的主力;随着工业化、城镇化进程的加快,短途客运市场将是铁路扩大运输市场的关键点:由于货物运输需求结构的变化,铁路高附加值、集装箱适箱货物运输也将成为铁路货运强有力的增长点,界时,对铁路运输质量将提出更高要求。还指出,山东铁路网存在结构不尽合理,线路总量不足,装备水平和服务质量有待提高等软硬件不适应之处。为此,提出应加速铁路建设,优化、完善和扩大铁路综合运输能力,积极开发运输新产品等对策。