日本汽车企业对华投资现状及影响研究

随着中国汽车产业的发展，国外汽车企业纷纷来华投资。日本汽车企业虽然较晚进入中国市场，但是却在短时间内占领了较大的市场。本文在对日本汽车在华投资结构、投资规模等方面现状分析的基础上，总结了其对华投资的一般规律和经验，最后，从积极和消极两方面研究了其对中国市场的影响，期望本文研究能为我国汽车企业未来发展提供科学借鉴。     

市场垄断和竞争的等级均衡分析

本文将以市场结构的两个组成部分———垄断和竞争的投入———产出为分析的起点，探讨市场结构的最优等级，以及最优等级约束下的垄断和竞争静态和动态均衡结构。一、基本假设为了研究方便，现作如下假设：１、市场是一个垄断竞争结构体系；２、市场的目标是市场福利利润最大化，市场福利利润W与市场效率E成正比，比例系数为P；３、垄断和竞争的市场结构是按市场的竞争与垄断程度划分的。从完全垄断到安全竞争，市场竞争程度取值区域为犤１，＋∞犦，垄断程度取值区域为犤１，＋∞犦。二者都有极小值１，因为考虑到在极值１时，市场是有…     

我国汽车产业升级的问题及路径探讨

当前我国汽车保有量正以惊人的速度增长,我国汽车产业进入自主创新,加快发展的重要机遇期。本文针对制约我国汽车产业升级的市场集中度偏低、汽车零部件发展滞后、研发经费与人才不足等问题,尝试探讨了合资模式、自建模式和发展战略性新兴产业、构建全球价值链等模式下我国汽车产业升级的路径。     

新能源汽车企业成本管理现状及优化分析

中国新能源汽车产业大规模发展,国内外新产品和新技术竞争加剧。新能源汽车发展主流为纯电动汽车与氢能汽车。新能源汽车被视作当今汽车工业新时代的发展方向。我国发展新能源汽车对保障国家能源安全、控制大气污染及汽车产业的升级具有重要意义,在良好政策的导向下,我国新能源汽车迅速发展,并取得了显著进展。但是在新能源汽车推广过程中,因各种因素的影响导致销量并不可观,其中由于成本较高而引起的销售价格高阻碍了客户的购买力,因此新能源汽车企业成本管理的重要性尤为突出。本文将从各项数据支撑分析当下新能源汽车企业存在的成本管理问题,并提出建议供参考。     

中国垄断产业改革与发展40年：回顾与展望

改革开放40年以来，中国垄断产业改革与发展取得了长足的进步，在产权制度、竞争优化以及规制体系构建等方面均具有积极进展，尤其是产权制度中政企分开和竞争优化方面取得了历史性成就，但是其改革仍然面临不完全、不彻底的问题：产权改革尤其是混合所有制改革仍处于初步阶段，还有很大的空间；拆分措施促进竞争仍有局限，有效竞争依然不足；独立规制机构尚未真正建立，规制体系仍待理顺。在新时代中国特色社会主义建设的新背景下，垄断产业仍需在产权结构调整、有效竞争完善与重建规制体系等方面继续深入推进中国垄断产业改革，同时垄断产业改革与发展应该统筹国内与国际两个市场以同时推进高质量发展与提升企业的全球市场竞争力。作为供给侧结构性改革等多项改革的载体，垄断产业改革经验有助于为全面深化经济体制改革产生辐射作用，为推动中国经济高质量发展做出更大贡献。     

国产汽车未来发展方向研究

中国加入WTO后，中国汽车工业得到了蓬勃的发展，但与国际汽车产业相比竞争力仍然较弱，由于身处开放的市场环境中，中国汽车工业逐步从制造、研究开发、销售服务、汽车信贷等方面全面融入了世界汽车业体系。随着汽车工业自身全面融入世界汽车工业体系，中国汽车工业将获得更加迅速的发展，并且中国将成为世界汽车工业的主要制造基地之一。就长远来看，中国汽车工业也必将获得自主开发的能力，从而逐步提高其在世界汽车工业体系中的地位。     

基于SCP框架下的我国汽车产业组织研究

由哈佛学派创立的以新古典经济学的价格理论为基础的产业组织理论,以实证研究为手段,构建了“市场结构—市场行为—市场绩效”的分析框架。在我国新一轮宏观经济调控政策效果显现和新汽车产业发展政策进入实施的背景下,文章主要依据产业组织理论,运用SCP框架对近年来我国汽车产业的大量数据进行市场结构、企业竞争行为、产业绩效及其相互关系进行实证分析,并由此为我国汽车产业的发展提出了相应的政策性建议。     

中国新能源汽车市场预测研究

新能源汽车产业发展对于中国的能源安全、环境改善、汽车产业结构调整等有着重要意义。本文借鉴丰田普锐斯国际数据,结合中国市场特点对参数估计修改,构建中国新能源汽车市场销量Bass预测模型,并对中国新能源汽车产业的总体走势、纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车典型车型的未来市场表现进行预测。结果表明,中国新能源汽车市场整体呈现指数增长趋势,在政策和市场良好发展的理想情况下,2019年便可实现《规划》目标;在稳定的发展态势下,到2020年能实现100万辆的保有量,与《规划》目标存在一定差距。到2020年,以比亚迪秦为首的纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车典型车型的年均销量有望达到4万辆。     

汽车企业内控风险识别成因分析及有效防范——以华晨企业为例

在科技和经济同步的高速发展下,汽车逐渐成为社会上不可或缺“伴侣”,随着“互联网+汽车”模式的兴起,汽车行业本就十分激烈的竞争变得更加紧张,各个优秀行业也愈来愈重视对汽车市场的进军。汽车产业作为我国现阶段占主要地位的产业,其发展势必会阻挡外国汽车行业的渗透,汽车产业的进步所带来的一系列技术发展也会对我国的经济安全产生较为有利的影响。汽车在中国市场中具有重要作用,其对中国经济的促进作用占各大行业之首。     

汽车产业竞争力状况及主要影响因素分析

目前,我国已经成为世界第一大汽车生产国,但从国际视角看,产业竞争力依然较弱,提升产业竞争力面临诸多制约因素。新形势下,积极推动汽车产业转型升级,提升产业核心竞争力,不仅对汽车产业自身持续健康发展有利,而且对培育我国汽车产业动     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.