我国会计准则制定模式的选择

21世纪初,安然、世通事件的爆发引起了对会计准则制定模式的激烈讨论,我国会计准则制定模式开始是规则导向,后转向原则导向。安然事件后,美国的会计准则制定模式由规则导向向原则导向转变,但我们并未对我们的及早"转变"而高兴。看似合理的目标导向并不一定适合中国国情,规则导向依旧是我国会计准则制定模式的现实选择。     

关于目标导向会计准则的探讨

美国爆出安然等一系列重大财务丑闻后,整个会计界进行了深刻的反思.规则导向会计准则成为众矢之的,美国舆论又开始回归原则导向会计准则.然而纯粹的原则导向会计准则并不能满足现在日益复杂的市场经济,于是美国社会对会计准则的制定模式展开了讨论,提出了目标导向会计准则.美国会计准则导向的巨大转变对我国会计准则的制定也有所启示.     

浅谈会计准则制定模式的原则导向与规则导向

会计准则可分为原则导向的会计准则和规则导向的会计准则两种。文章比较这两种导向，分析美国会计准则导向。提出我国适宜采用的导向：基于我国当前国情，宜主要采用规则导向的会计准则制定模式。     

会计准则制定模式的制度经济学分析

美国会计准则制定模式的发展经历了原则基础模式、规则基础模式和目标导向模式,本文在对各种模式利弊比较的基础上,运用制度经济学及经济后果理论阐述了如何结合会计环境来选择适合我国的最优会计准则制定模式。     

基于成本观的会计准则导向评析——兼论我国会计准则导向的现实选择

会计准则导向的选择决定着会计准则的制定成本和实施成本。本文依据会计准则制定、实施的步骤,依次对采用规则导向模式和原则导向模式进行成本分析,认为我国现实国情下会计准则制定应逐步转向原则导向。     

会计准则制定模式的制度经济学分析

美国会计准则制定模式的发展经历了原则基础模式、规则基础模式和目标导向模式,本文在对各种模式利弊比较的基础上,运用制度经济学及经济后果理论阐述了如何结合会计环境来选择适合我国的最优会计准则制定模式.     

美国后安然时代会计准则的制定:目标导向

安然事件之后，美国社会对会计准则的制定模式展开了大讨论，提出了目标导向会计准则制定的方法。本从分析目标导向的含义入手，着重阐述了采用该方法的原因，简要介绍了该方法的特点，并提出它对我国会计准则的制定的启示。     

基于经济后果观的美国会计准则制定导向研究

会计准则作为会计信息生产与提供的规范，并不是单纯的技术手段，而是具有经济后果的制度安排。本文从经济后果角度对美国会计准则制定导向的演变进行了回顾和分析，指出经济后果对美国会计准则制定的导向具有重要影响，力求为我国会计准则建设提供借鉴。     

基于经济后果观的美国会计准则制定导向研究

会计准则作为会计信息生产与提供的规范,并不是单纯的技术手段,而是具有经济后果的制度安排。本文从经济后果角度对美国会计准则制定导向的演变进行了回顾和分析,指出经济后果对美国会计准则制定的导向具有重要影响,力求为我国会计准则建设提供借鉴。     

美国会计准则制定模式的变迁及其借鉴意义

近期频发的美国财务造假案引发了会计理论界对会计准则制定是以基本会计原则还是以具体会计准则为导向的争论。在美国会计准则制定的历史上,曾经采取过“假设一原则”的制定模式,如今美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)正在酝酿由规则导向转为原则导向的准则制定模式的变革。会计原则、会计规则与公认会计原则的关系如何,两种导向模式曾经对美国公认会计原则的制定产生过怎样的影响,对上述问题的理解业财会》3第八十)能使我们更好地从这场变革中吸取教训,总结经验。一、会计原则与会计规则的区别与联系会计原则和会计规则均为会计理论的基础概…     

论会计准则制定导向的选择

会计准则制定导向问题是一个令人难以抉择的问题。本文在对现有几种会计准则制定导向观的分析中获得准则制定导向选择的恰当观点。笔者认为,具体的会计环境是准则制定导向选择的约束条件。随着约束条件的变化,准则制定导向的偏重点必然需要一定幅度的调整以适应环境的变化。我国会计准则的制定应该仍然以原则为指导,以规则为基础,从而制定出符合我国国情的高质量会计准则。     

会计准则制定导向权变观的内涵及权变因素分析

本文在剖析会计准则制定的原则导向观和规则导向观基础上,为了解决可操作性问题,考虑到各个国家或地区间环境的差异,提出了会计准则制定导向的权变观,并从会计准则制定导向权变观的内涵出发,分析了各种环境权变因素对会计准则制定导向选择的作用机理。     

会计准则制定导向:权变观

会计准则制定导向是会计理论研究的新课题。本文提出了会计准则制定导向权变观,这一观点旨在有机结合原则导向与规则导向的优点和规避其缺点。文章首先分析了权变观的定义、特征,并将其与现有的会计准则制定导向进行比较分析。最后就权变观对我国会计准则制定的适用性进行分析,并提出了完善的建议。     

美国规则基础会计准则制订模式成因探析——基于会计双重属性的思考

本文以近年来发生于美国的一系列重大公司财务舞弊事件为背景,从会计的双重属性及会计准则性质的角度,对美国现行会计准则体系过于规则基础的成因进行探讨,并对我国会计准则制订提出若干建议。     

论SPE的会计问题

SPE是资产证券化中的重要一环,对其如何进行会计处理可直接决定表外融资是否成功。但SPE会计处理的复杂性使得公司通过特殊安排,可以达到粉饰报表,逃避监管的目的,从而增加公司和金融市场的风险。安然事件直接促发了美国对SPE确认和合并会计问题的修改,并引起了规则导向和原则导向两种准则制定模式的大讨论。本文在介绍和比较FASB和IASB对SPE会计处理方法的基础上,谈了一些自己的看法。     

An institutional theory perspective on the UK's Private Finance Initiative (PFI) accounting standard setting process

This article examines the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) accounting standard setting process from an institutional theory perspective. It identifies three forms of institutional pressures and examines their impact on the PFI standard setting process. ‘Coercive’ pressure, exerted by the Treasury, and ‘normative’ pressure, exerted by the accounting profession, were influential in shaping respondents' comments on the PFI accounting Exposure Draft (ED). It is argued that the views of the accounting profession seem to have prevailed in the PFI standard setting process. This might stem from its institutional legitimacy and close ties with the Accounting Standards Board (ASB). In line with its broader policy objective of adopting private sector business practices in the public sector, the Treasury has eventually ‘acquiesced’ to the final PFI accounting standard issued by the ASB.     

论“目标导向”会计准则及其借鉴意义

美国证券交易委员会在根据《萨班斯一奥克斯利法案》完成的会计准则研究报告中,提出了准则的制定应当坚持“目标导向”,并详细说明了“目标导向”准则的关键特征。“目标导向”准则重新强调了会计目标统一和会计准则理论框架的重要性,并将职业判断的责任由准则制定者回移给会计师和审计师,通过市场约束机制维护会计信息质量。这对我国会计准则模式选择、财务概念框架建设和会计信息的市场机制完善等方面都有很好的借鉴意义。     

The Decision Usefulness of Fair Value Accounting – A Theoretical Perspective

ABSTRACT

Regulators such as the SEC and standard setting bodies such as the FASB and the IASB argue the case for the conceptual desirability of fair value measurement, notably on the relevance dimension. Recent standards on financial instruments and certain non-financial items adopt the new measurement paradigm. This paper takes issue with the notion of decision usefulness of a fair-value-based reporting system from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is put on the evaluation of the theoretical soundness of the arguments put forward by regulators and standard setting bodies. The analysis is conducted as economic (a priori) analysis. Two approaches to decision usefulness are adopted, the measurement or valuation perspective and the information perspective. Findings indicate that the decision relevance of fair value measurement can be justified from both perspectives, yet the conceptual case is not strong. The information aggregation notion that underlies standard setters' endorsement of fair value measurement turns out to be theoretically restricted in its validity and applicability. Also, comparative analysis of fair value accounting vs. historical cost accounting yields mixed results. One immediate implication of the research – a condition for the further implementation of fair value accounting – is the need to clarify standard setters' notion of accounting income, its presumed contribution to decision relevance and its disaggregation.     

Building IASB Research Capacity: A Commentary

This Commentary summarizes and remarks on several discussions of the link between academic accounting research and financial reporting standard setting. Our Commentary is prompted by references to building the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) research capacity, included in three due process documents: Report of the Trustees' Strategy Review, IFRSs as the Global Standard: Setting a Strategy for the Foundation's Second Decade; Agenda Consultation 2011; and Feedback Statement: Agenda Consultation 2011. Pursuant to its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) has undertaken activities, including hosting two roundtables, related to the link between academic accounting research (and researchers) and the IASB's standard‐setting activities. We discuss the main issues addressed and themes emerging from the IAAER roundtables including whether academic research is relevant to standard setters; types of academic research, and areas of inquiry, that would be most relevant to accounting standard setters; perceptions on why academic research is not more useful to standard setters and challenges to academic researcher's engagement in standard setting. We summarize the IAAER Committee response to the consultation paper, Status of Trustees' Strategy Review. Finally, we identify areas where we believe academia can assist in building a dedicated research capacity at the IASB and note specific areas where future academic research is needed to inform the IASB.     

后金融危机时代我国会计准则与国际趋同问题探究

2008年以来,一场源于美国的金融危机迅速在全世界蔓延,不仅重创了世界经济体系,对世界经济秩序也造成了致命冲击。延续多年的国际会计准则制定机构及国际会计准则趋同化模式受到前所未有的严峻挑战,美国将国际会计准则趋同化设定为阻碍市场经济发展的观点也影响了我国许多学者对我国会计准则与国际会计准则的接轨和融合态度,甚至有些学者公开质疑国际会计准则趋同的合理性。文中将从国际会计准则与现阶段我国会计准则所面临的种种难题和出路入手,分析后金融危机时代我国会计准则与国际会计准则趋同化的经济价值以及社会意义。