我国商业银行流动性过剩问题研究

流动性过剩被认为是导致潜在通货膨胀、金融风险、资源配置效率较低等许多经济问题的根源之一.我国商业银行流动性过剩的实质是资金的一种相对过剩,所以解决此问题应当着重于经济体制改革和经济结构调整.     

我国流动性过剩问题

阐述了流动性过剩给宏观经济带来的影响,分析了我国流动性过剩产生的原因,并就如何解决现阶段流动性过剩问题提出了建议。     

当前我国流动性过剩与资产价格泡沫的关联性分析

当前我国宏观经济面临严重的流动性过剩和资产价格泡沫问题。流动性过剩对于我国经济的不利影响不言而喻,而股票价格泡沫和房地产价格泡沫更是涉及百姓财富,成为整个社会关注的焦点问题。因此,分析和解决流动性过剩和资产价格泡沫问题,就不得不剖析流动性过剩与资产价格泡沫之间的关联性,引发对我国当前流动性过剩与资产价格泡沫问题的新探索。     

我国流动性过剩现象的宏观透视

最近一个时期,关于我国流动性过剩现象.已经成为政府决策层高度关注的问题,也是金融界和经济界讨论的热点话题.讨论的焦点主要集中在我国流动性过剩是简单的金融概念还是复杂的经济概念,流动性过剩的实质是货币问题还是资金问题,流动性过剩是绝对过剩还是相对过剩.流动性过剩是货币投放原     

浅谈我国目前的流动性过剩

流动性过剩已成为目前我国经济最大的问题，也是亟待解决的问题。大量的外汇储备和资产价格的高估导致的存款从银行转移是我国流动性过剩产生的主要原因。对于解决流动性过剩，央行日前多采用公开市场操作和提高存款准备金率来缓解过剩的流动性对经济的影响，同时用加快人民币升值的办法来促进国际收支平衡。目前流动性过剩的问题正在加剧，央行采取措施的力度也在加大。本文根据目前我国流动性过剩的状况分析了其原因，也提出了进一步解决的措施。     

流动性过剩的影响、成因及对策

流动性过剩给我国经济、金融运行带来了一系列的严重负面影响.流动过剩的直接原因是储蓄、外汇储备的高速增长,基本成因是我国经济结构、金融结构、分配结构的长期失衡,深层原因是以投资、出口为主导的粗放经济增长方式.流动性过剩不是一个在短期内能解决的问题,在当前继续实施紧缩政策的同时,应采取多种措施分流储蓄与外汇储备,解决流动性过剩的根本途径在于经济结构的调整与经济增长方式的转变.     

再探流动性过剩的原因——基于收入差距视角的分析

当前我国经济与金融的运行已经深深地为流动性过剩所困扰。本文认为贸易顺差及其产生的大量外汇占款并不是流动性过剩的根本成因,经济发展模式及其带来的收入差距所造成的不合理购买力结构才是造成流动性过剩的本质原因。我国目前主要采取中和手段抵消过剩流动性,而不是从根本上缓解收入不平等,这就决定了我们目前采取的方式不具有可持续性。解决我国目前流动性过剩问题的思路有两条:短期要加大货币政策的紧缩力度以收缩流动性;长期必须缓解收入差距以及不合理的购买力结构,以从本质上解决流动性过剩问题。     

我国流动性过剩的现状、原因及对策

近两年来,流动性问题成为了干扰中国宏观经济平稳运行的突出问题。文章从流动性和流动性过剩概念入手,对我国流动性过剩问题进行现象及原因的分析,在此基础上,有针对性地提出解决流动性失衡问题的建议与措施。     

我国商业银行流动性过剩问题研究

流动性过剩被认为是导致潜在通货膨胀、金融风险、资源配置效率较低等许多经济问题的根源之一。我国商业银行流动性过剩的实质是资金的一种相对过剩,所以解决此问题应当着重于经济体制改革和经济结构调整。     

解决我国流动性资金过剩问题需要标本兼治

我国流动性资金过剩的根源在于经济结构失衡,因此解决我国流动性资金相对过剩问题,不是一蹴而就的短期任务,而是我国面临的一项长期任务,在缓解流动性资金相对过剩的对策问题上,既要注重治标,更要注重治本,必须按照标本兼治的原则,采取短期措施与长期策略同时启动的多管齐下的政策组合方式。     

Environmental standards as barriers to trade

This paper examines the case of a good, polluting in consumption, whose pollutive content is restricted by a government with strong environmental policies. When foreign producers are unable to comply with the restrictive environmental standard of such a country, to which they wish to export, they often allege that those standards constitute illegal barriers to free trade. An example of such a good is gasoline, excessively pollutive formulations of which are prohibited from importation into the United States by the 1970 Clean Air Act. Rather than banning them, such imports should be taxed, along with the domestically produced substitute good, according to their respective pollutant contents. This would foster economic efficiency and should be more acceptable to foreign producers than the outright prohibition mandated by the Clean Air Act. The results of this paper reaffirm the argument in a previous article in this journal (Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 29 (1995) 187), though the countries’ roles in the two papers are reversed, that free trade and Pigouvian environmental policies increase international welfare.     

The trade union response to new technology

While there is ambivalence towards the new technology within the trade union movement, the general belief is that - provided its introduction is controlled by collective bargaining and sympathetic government action - it will lead to increased leisure and higher living standards. The author suggests that the ‘silicon dream’ is more likely to become a nightmare.     

British employer resistance to trade union recognition

Following the introduction of a statutory mechanism by which trade unions can gain recognition from employers, this article examines employers' attempts in Britain to resist campaigns for union recognition and to undermine newly granted recognition agreements. Using an array of primary and secondary sources, the extent and nature of these employer activities are documented. The article develops a revised schema, following Roy (1980), to help understand and interpret these anti‐union activities. While of significance in deterring and undermining new recognition agreements, these activities are found to represent a minority current in the overall response of employers to campaigns for union recognition.     

Making unilateral trade liberalisation beneficial to the poor

In this paper, we investigate the impacts of unilateral import liberalisation by a representative South Asian developing economy, Nepal, and demonstrate those conditions required to make the impacts ‘pro-poor.’ Applying the Computable General Equilibrium model to Social Accounting Matrix data, we conclude that import liberalisation is growth-enhancing but that, unfortunately, the rich benefit more than do the poor. We envisage a restructured but plausible model economy that requires a transformational period of ten years, and simulate unilateral trade liberalisation but, in the context of a dynamic model. We conclude that improvement in efficiency parameters, reorganisation of investment patterns, along with reallocation of factors of production by both household group and activity type are required to make growth accrued by import liberalisation ‘pro-poor’ in developing economies such as that of Nepal.     

论环境与国际贸易问题及我国贸易政策的调整

环境与国际贸易是经济发展中一对相互矛盾相互促进的两个方面,而近几年来由环境带来的环境壁垒却对国际贸易产生了很大影响。为使两者协调发展,各国的贸易政策必须及时进行调整。文中分析了环境与贸易的关系和环境对贸易的影响,以及国际贸易中所产生的环境壁垒的深层根源。在此基础上,对我国的对外贸易政策提出切实的建议。     

Who's most exposed to the world trade slowdown?

• ? A new indicator of exposure to the world trade slowdown points to Asian economies like Taiwan and Korea being most exposed, but also to significant vulnerability in Germany. Better insulated from the slowdown are the less open economies, such as the US, Brazil and India.
• ? Asian economies’ exposure is greater due to their generally high export orientations and strong trade integration with China – especially significant given the escalation of US‐China trade tensions. Likewise, Germany is highly export‐oriented but is also specialised in capital goods exports, which tend to weaken most in trade downturns.
• ? The indicator used is based on factors including trade openness, export specialisation in weakening sectors and exposure to spillovers from US‐China tariffs. It explains around 40% of the pattern of economic slowdown from 2017–2019 across a sample of key economies.

     

The trade union response to agency labour in Britain

The growth of agency work in recent years has posed a challenge to trade unions, which must decide if they will accept agency workers as part of their constituency and accept employment agencies as legitimate labour‐market actors. This article analyses the reaction of British unions to agency work and identifies four main responses: exclusion, replacement, regulation and engagement. It concludes with an evaluation of union policies, which stresses the need for unions to secure broad regulation of the agency labour market either through multi‐employer bargaining or employment law.     

Attitudes to work and trade unionism among white-collar workers

In spite of the fact that the nature of their jobs is becoming closer to that of the manual worker, white collar workers still appear to see themselves in an essentially intermediate status in an organization, and this is reflected in their attitudes towards their work and towards trade unionism.