我国资源型企业跨国经营面临的风险及应对

全球化是世界经济发展的必然趋势,它使得生产要素在全球范围更加有效的优化组合和资源优化配置,促进了全球经济的共同发展。但经济全球化在推动世界经济快速发展的同时,也使得全球资源竞争更加直接、更加激烈。随着企业国际经营环境的不断变化,我国资源型企业的跨国经营问题也遇到了新的挑战。本文通过分析我国资源型企业跨国经营所面临的风险,提出了应对风险的针对性途径,以期对提升我国资源型企业国际经营水平有所借鉴。     

中国企业跨国经营的风险与防范策略分析

针对中国企业跨国经营的环境,分析了中国企业跨国经营的风险,主要有外部环境造成的风险,其中包含了政治、经济与文化的风险,还有企业内部隐含的风险,主要是企业的机构模式、投资结构、融资能力与企业间的矛盾。中国企业进行跨国经济的防范策略,其中有企业自身的防范策略,包括战略选择与经营方式,还有我国政府对企业跨国经营的政治态度与政策保护。     

IEEE802.11 DCF容量分析与讨论

对上海80家跨国经营企业的抽样调查显示,上海企业在国际经营过程中对东道国政治风险的认识和抵御能力有待进一步提高。这从一个侧面反映出我国跨国经营政治风险法律保障制度滞后、跨国经营政治风险宏观管理制度无序、企业内部政治风险监管制度不健全等突出问题,必须从政府和企业两个层面着手加以解决。     

我国资源型企业实施跨国经营的战略选择研究

如何促进我国资源型企业跨国经营,进一步拓宽国际间的资源开发和共享,是我国资源型企业集团发展面临的一个重大课题。研究我国资源型企业跨国经营战略选择,建立和完善资源型企业跨国经营战略体系,对于避免国际市场冲击,不断增强国家经济实力和国际竞争力都有着十分重要的意义。     

中国资源型企业跨国经营的战略和模式选择

在第五次并购浪潮的推动下,我国于近几年出台了一系列鼓励企业走出国门的政策,在这些政策的支持之下,我国许多资源型企业也开始加入到全球化以及一体化发展进程之中。如何促进我国资源型企业跨国运营的发展,借此将国际资源进行开发和共享,解决我国资源短缺的问题,是现阶段我国资源型企业发展所必须要面对的问题。对我国资源型企业跨国经营的战略以及模式选择进行研究探索,期望能够给我国资源型企业的跨国经营提供经验。     

企业跨国经营之风险管理

跨国经营之风险管理乃企业跨国经营不可或缺的有机组成部分。面对来自跨国经营的政治风险和外汇风险我们非但不该谈虎色变而应积极应对,即通过资源的全球合理配置及其一切避险手段将风险成本最小化甚至‘合理’利用风险,违害就利,以实现跨国经营效益最大化。     

论金融危机下的跨国并购

随着全球性的金融危机对实体经济的严重冲击,一些企业在运行上出现了问题,导致国内部分企业对跨国并购的期望和信心不断增高.事实上,我国企业跨国并购所面临的机遇与风险是并存的,其机遇在于通过跨国并购可以获取战略性资源,降低并购成本,拓展国际市场;其风险在于市场风险、政治法律风险、跨文化整合风险等方面.我国企业在进行跨国并购时,应从制定切实可行的并购战略入手,培养国际化经营的专业人才,实施行之有效的跨文化整合策略,塑造双赢或多赢的企业合作关系.同时,要以全球发展的战略眼光,立足企业长远发展的需要,在切实增强自身实力的前提下,谋求海外发展.     

民营企业跨国经营政治风险及规避对策研究

随着经济全球化与国际化经营进程不断加快,民营企业跨国经营中的政治风险问题显得日益突出。研究民营企业跨国经营中可能遇到的政治风险及成因,提出规避政治风险的相应的对策,对民营企业跨国经营具有十分重要的现实意义。     

我国跨国经营企业文化风险的识别与控制

在经济全球化背景下,我国企业纷纷开启了国际化进程,然而,客观存在的文化差异使跨国经营企业面临巨大的文化风险.本文建立了文化风险的识别机制,通过对我国跨国经营企业文化风险因素的分析建立文化风险评价指标体系,并应用模糊数学理论构建风险指标评价模型以确定关键风险因素,最后提出控制我国跨国经营企业文化风险的综合对策.     

中国企业在南亚跨国经营中面临的恐怖主义风险与应对措施

南亚地区是当今地缘政治和国际经济的重要区域,中国企业在南亚开展跨国经营符合中国的国家战略和企业自身利益。南亚恐怖主义事件的不断发生,给中国企业在当地的经营活动和战略决策造成了重大损失和扰乱。恐怖主义具有政治风险的法律属性,本身具有不可预见、不可抗拒和不可避免的特点。国家应从法律层面完善跨国经营政治风险保证制度,以构建政治风险分担机制;企业也应强化政治风险评估,积极探索本土化策略,加大风险管控力度,以减少和规避这类政治风险。     

Business and the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polis:</Emphasis> What Does it Mean to See Corporations as Political Actors?

This article addresses the recent call in business ethics literature for a better understanding of corporations as political actors or entities. It first gives an overview of recent attempts to examine classical issues in business ethics through a political lens. It examines different ways in which theorists with an interest in the normative analysis of business practices and institutions could find it desirable and fruitful to use a political lens. This article presents a distinction among four views of the relations between corporations and politics: corporations as distributive agents, corporations as political communities, corporate practices and policies as citizenship issues, and corporations as active participants in the political process. This article finishes with an examination of three challenges that need to be overcome by the theory of the firm as a political actor.     

Accountable to Whom? Rethinking the Role of Corporations in Political CSR

According to Palazzo and Scherer, the changing role of business corporations in society requires that we take new measures to integrate these organizations into society-wide processes of democratic governance. We argue that their model of integration has a fundamental problem. Instead of treating business corporations as agents that must be held accountable to the democratic reasoning of affected parties, it treats corporations as agents who can hold others accountable. In our terminology, it treats business corporations as “supervising authorities” rather than “functionaries.” The result is that Palazzo and Scherer’s model does not actually address the democratic deficit that it is meant to solve. In order to fix the problem, we advocate removing business corporations from any policymaking role in political CSR and limiting participation to political NGOs and other groups that meet the standards we set out for a politically representative organization (PRO).     

Conceptualizing data‐deliberation: The starry sky beetle,environmental system risk,and Habermasian CSR in the digital age

Building on an illustrative case of a systemic environmental threat and its multi‐stakeholder response, this paper draws attention to the changing political impacts of corporations in the digital age. Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR) theory suggests an expanded sense of politics and corporations, including impacts that may range from voluntary initiatives to overcome governance gaps, to avoiding state regulation via corporate political activity. Considering digitalization as a stimulus, we explore potential responsibilities of corporations toward public goods in contexts with functioning governments. We show that digitalization—in the form of transparency, surveillance, and data‐sharing—offers corporations’ scope for deliberative public participation. The starry sky beetle infestation endangering public and private goods is thereby used to illustrate the possibility of expanding the political role of corporations in the digital sphere. We offer a contribution by conceptualizing data‐deliberation as a Habermasian variation of PCSR, defined as the (a) voluntary disclosure of corporate data and its transparent, open sharing with the public sector (b) along with the cooperation with governmental institutions on data analytics methods for examining large‐scale datasets (c) thereby complying with existing national and international regulations on data protection, in particular with respect to privacy and personal data.     

Global Consistency Versus Local Responsiveness: Deutsche Telekom's Human Resource Management Strategies in Central and Eastern Europe

This article analyses the competing demands faced by Deutsche Telekom for global consistency and local responsiveness as it attempted to coordinate its human resource management strategies across its Eastern European subsidiaries. It considers the degree to which the former economic and political histories of Eastern Europe continue to influence and/or constrain multinational corporation strategies and practices in the post-2000 era. Institutional path dependency, strategic international human resource management, and international industrial relations theories are used to assist in analyzing the data. The study concludes that managerial constraints associated with the historical and economic legacies of these former socialist countries are rapidly declining, thereby allowing multinational firms to implement “Western-style” human resource management strategies. It further suggests that industrial relations institutions at the European Union level, rather than individual country level, have the greatest potential to impact on international human resource management strategies in the region. Multinational corporations should therefore engage in more-integrated strategic international human resource management and international industrial relations approaches.     

Multinational HRM in privatized Jordanian enterprises: An exploration of the influence of political contingencies

Within the international human resource management literature, it is recognized that a range of “host‐country effects” can influence how multinational corporations approach the management of human resources within overseas subsidiaries. This article seeks to further knowledge of these effects by using the findings obtained from two case studies conducted in companies that had come under the control of French multinationals through the Jordanian government's privatization program to explore how subsequent processes of human resource reform were shaped by governmental policies and wider political considerations and the dynamics underlying these shaping processes. In particular, it explores the tensions that arose between government policies and corporate business objectives, the negotiating strategies that the companies adopted in order to resolve them, and the factors that influenced the usage and outcome of these strategies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

制度分割、产业集群与跨国公司区位

当前,产业集群快速发展,并已成为跨国公司的新区位,对文献的回顾也证明集聚经济已成为跨国公司新的优势来源。本文从经济组织角度研究了产业集群对于跨国公司区位的意义,特别注重制度分割对于产业集群的组织属性、效率边界及演进动力的作用,以及这种作用对于跨国公司区位的影响。最后提出发展中国家应以制度分割推进产业集群建设来制定引资战略的政策建议。     

Corporate Political Donations: Influences from Directors’ Networks

Motivated by contemporary debates concerning whether directors inappropriately deploy corporate funds for corporate political donations and the limited research into managerial influence on corporate political donations, we examine the impact of director influences from a network perspective. Using a sample of large listed Australian corporations and their political party donation activity during 2000–2007, we find that both the professional and non-professional networks of directors influence corporate political donations. We observe these influences in relation to donations at the federal and state levels, and with respect to the choice of recipient political parties.     

Effects of foreign direct investment in developing countries

The effects of direct investments and multinational corporations remain a highly contentious issue. The author traces here the reasons for the large number of diverging statements and comments on this issue and considers what political conclusions should be drawn from this wide variety of views.     

Uncommitted Deliberation? Discussing Regulatory Gaps by Comparing GRI 3.1 to GRI 4.0 in a Political CSR Perspective

In this paper, we compare the two Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting standards, G3.1, and the most current version G4.0. We do this through the lens of political corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory, which describes the broadened understanding of corporate responsibility in a globalized world building on Habermas’ notion of deliberative democracy and ethical discourse. As the regulatory power of nation states is fading, regulatory gaps occur as side effects of transnational business. As a result, corporations are also understood to play a “political role” to fill regulatory gaps and contribute to a global governance system by voluntarily engaging in self-regulation. Such corporate political action, however, is not always legitimate as it suffers from a democratic deficit (corporations/managers are not democratically elected or controlled). Consistent with scholars in the field of political CSR, this paper argues that only by means of communication and discourse can this drawback be avoided. That is why CSR reporting and guidelines for standardizing the disclosed CSR information is key for political CSR. By comparing the GRI standards from a political CSR perspective, one can see whether these often-used reporting guidelines fulfill the communicative requirements and whether they are adequate tools to face the challenges of the twenty-first century. We present results from a theory-derived and criteria-driven comparison of the two guidelines. Indication of the effectiveness of voluntary self-regulation is, for example, important considering the 2014 directive of the European Union to make CSR reporting mandatory. We offer a guideline-based view on current CSR theory as well as CSR reporting practice. We discuss implications for CSR theory, particularly the appropriateness of (idealized) deliberation in the Habermasian sense, which is the basis of political CSR theory. We do so by introducing the notion of “uncommitted deliberation” with regard to the refined concept of materiality in GRI 4.0, which induces subjectivity and reduces data-driven comparability. Finally, we address the limitations of this research as well as research questions for future studies.     

跨国并购中的相互传导机制研究

本文以跨国并购的动因理论和跨国并购相互传导机制的相互依赖理论为基础,分析了抢占市场型、寻求资源型、寻求效率型等跨国并购的相互传导机制类型。基于发达国家与发达国家、发达国家与发展中国家两个层面分析了跨国并购的传导效应及跨国并购对发展中国家的寡占传导机制。并从技术进步、东道国的后续扩张、跨国公司跟随三个方面分析了跨国并购的持续性。