浅析城市"房价"与"地价"

土地招标、拍卖、挂牌出让市场呈现出方兴未艾之势。但是,透过这日益繁荣的市场,我们也看到了一些令人深思的现象。主要表现在市场招、拍、挂、出让过程中土地价格涨幅较大。地价的上涨,使人不由得不想到与之紧密相连的房地产价格。城市土地的招、拍、挂出让对城市房地产价格的影响,已经成为无论是理论界还是实践工作者都需要深入研究的问题。一、土地招、拍、挂、出让与城市地价上涨的理性分析由于土地招、拍、挂出让的直接作用对象是城市的地价,因此,我们的分析也从地价开始。(一)市场经济条件下地价形成与土地增值机制分析土地市场中地价…     

元代土地价格研究

元代地价资料并非是有意识地系统记录的结果,因此首先应对相关文本作历史学的解读。元代徽州地契比较充分地反映了祁门县南部阊江流域中下游的土地交易情况,通过把地契中土地转换为标准"上田",可以初步实现价格的"序列化"。主要由石刻文献记载的江浙地价相对丰富,但存在真实交易与"投献"的区别。其他中原地区也有可供参考的地价资料。松江、大都等城内地价显著高于农地,且受城市经济影响。云南昆明、通海等地石刻记载的地价体现出元后期这一地区土地交易活跃,且价格能够有效反映土地价值。     

国土资源部 地价上涨不会造成房价上涨

国土资源部副部长近日表示，近几年来，随着市场经济发展，我国部分城市的房地产价格出现了较大幅度的上涨，有一种观点认为是由于推行了经营性用地的招标拍卖挂牌出让，导致地价上涨，从而抬升了房价，这种观点是不正确的。地价、房价分别由土地供求关系和房地产的供求关系决定。     

不同土地出让方式下地价与房价之间的关系

国务院办公厅日前转发了建设部、国土资源部等七部委《关于做好稳定住房价格工作的意见》,提出要“加大土地供应调控力度,严格土地管理”。针对当前房地产价格不断攀升的势头,对房价和地价的关系有两种截然不同的观点,一种是“成本推动论”,认为地价上涨推动房价上涨;一种是“需求带动论”,认为房价上涨引起了对土地需求增加,带动地价上升。本文围绕漳州市区以招拍挂或协议出让方式取得土地后已经上市的房地产项目选取22个进行调查测算,从理论和实例角度对不同出让方式下地价与房价之间的关系进行比较,进一步探讨地价与房价的关系。理论分析…     

房价·地价·房地产调控

近两年来房价的上涨引起广大居民和各级政府的强烈关注。对于房价上涨的原因,有人认为,是因为自2004年起实行经营性用地招牌挂出让制度使地价猛涨,加大了商品房建设成本,从而推动了房价上涨;也有人认为,是因为开发商追求暴利,通过囤积土地、卖房炒作等手段拉动了房价上涨．房价与地价到底是什么关系?应把这个问题从理论和实践上搞清楚,依据正确的认识,选择调控房地产市场的适当对策,促进房地产市场的健康发展．     

不同土地出让方式下地价与房价之间的关系

国务院办公厅日前转发了建设部、国土资源部等七部委《关于做好稳定住房价格工作的意见》，提出要“加大土地供应调控力度，严格土地管理”。针对当前房地产价格不断攀升的势头，对房价和地价的关系有两种截然不同的观点，一种是“成本推动论”，认为地价上涨推动房价上涨：一种是“需求带动论”，认为房价上涨引起了对土地需求增加，带动地价上升。本文围绕漳州市区以招拍挂或协议出让方式取得土地后已经上市的房地产项目选取22个进行调查测算，从理论和实例角度对不同出让方式下地价与房价之间的关系进行比较，进一步探讨地价与房价的关系。     

房价·地价·房地产调控

近两年来房价的上涨引起广大居民和各级政府的强烈关注。对于房价上涨的原因，有人认为，是因为自2004年起实行经营性用地招牌挂出让制度使地价猛涨，加大了商品房建设成本，从而推动了房价上涨；也有人认为，是因为开发商追求暴利，通过囤积土地、卖房炒作等手段拉动了房价上涨。房价与地价到底是什么关系？应把这个问题从理论和实践上搞清楚，依据正确的认识，选择调控房地产市场的适当对策，促进房地产市场的健康发展。     

浅析房价和地价的关系

房地产作为国民经济的重要组织部分,是我国国民经济支柱产业之一,但随着我国经济快速发展,在宽松货币政策下,城市房价快速上涨,地价也随着不断上涨,房价和地价关系成为人们讨论焦点.文章通过房价和地价的内在关系、静态关系、动态关系三方面进行分析,并结合实例分析.得出城市房价快速上涨,带动地价上涨,地价上涨反作用于房价上涨的交织关系,并对房价上涨的原因进行分析,提出调控房价快速上涨切实方法,使房价地价在平稳中发展,促使我国房地产健康有序的发展.     

对房价与地价关系之争的思考——基于两种土地产品的比较分析

近些年来，在社会上广泛争论的一个话题，即房价与地价关系，尤其是政府部门与房地产开发商的争论。政府部门强调的是房价带动了地价的上涨，而非高地价推动房价上涨，招标拍卖挂牌（简称招、拍、挂，以下同）方式出让反映了土地的真实价格；但是，开发商则持相反的观点，认为高地价推动房价上涨，其主要根源是政府垄断了土地的供给，招、拍、挂方式出让的价格是扭曲的价格。同时，双方都以经济学的相关理论为基础，运用实例来佐证自己的观点与立场。     

浅析土地收储备制度下的土地价格与房地产价格关系

本文以土地收储制度为背景,分别从土地价格合理上涨与不合理上涨两个因素角度入手,探讨了其与房地产价格上涨的关系;旨在提高人们认识、促进土地收储制度的科学实施和房地产行业的健康发展。     

我国跨国公司转移定价问题探讨

随着改革开放的深入,中国企业对外贸易迅速发展。与此同时,各国政府的反避税行动变得越来越积极。中国企业想要在国际市场获得成功,必须解决转移定价这一税收问题。根据调查,我国跨国公司已经对转移定价有一定认识,但认识上仍存在偏差,并且实际应对能力还有所欠缺。本文在作出对转移定价问题进行深入研究必要性分析的基础上,阐述了我国跨国公司目前在转移定价方面存在的问题,并提出解决措施。本文旨在探讨通过针对性强、具有实际应用价值的企业转移定价策略,增加企业经营行为与东道国政府税收政策的匹配度,减少国际贸易税款支出。     

对目前我国利率定价问题的几点思考

利率定价问题,从本质上讲就是利率的形成机制问题。在美国、日本等发达国家,由于其已实现利率市场化,故其利率形成机制问题直接称为利率定价问题,其利率定价为市场化的利率定价;而在我国,由于目前仍为管制利率,故对利率定价的提法相对很少。目前在利率定价问题上,有两种倾向:一     

我国证券投资咨询产品定价存在的问题及产品发展趋势

一、证券投资咨询产品定价存在的问题经过10多年的发展,我国证券投资咨询产品的收费已浮出水面,但由于诸多因素影响,证券投资咨询产品的定价还基本处于摸索阶段并存在一些问题。从总体来看,这些问题主要表现为:1.对定价作用认识不足,还处于粗放型定价阶段产品创新与定价脱节,定     

CEV模型下有交易成本和随机波动率的亚式期权定价问题的文献综述

随着金融衍生品的发展,对其进行定价成为理论和实务操作中的重点。亚式期权作为一种强依赖路径的衍生品,在金融市场中有套期保值作用,在管理中有经理股票期权激励作用。因此,设计出更加切合市场实际的定价模型非常重要。本文选取了相比较B-S模型更加实际的CEV模型作为标底资产的路径过程,加入随机波波动率服从有限Markov链的情况下有交易成本的亚式期权定价公式。在已有的相关文献参考下,可以得出其偏微分方程。并且通过二叉树算法,实现定价计算。     

Road pricing

Summary Under conditions of congestion, the social costs of motoring will exceed the private costs. The formula is: Social Cost=Private Cost (1+the elasticity of cost with respect to traffic flow). Thus the optimum tax under these conditions is equal to this elasticity coefficient×100 per cent of the private cost. A fluid-dynamic model, borrowed from physics, is used to develop a simple formula for the elasticity ofvelocity with respect to traffic flow. By postulating a relationship between cost and speed, this elasticity is convertedinto an estimate of the elasticity coefficient. And so one can obtain, for any specified speed, a value of this coefficient and cost; the product of these two then gives an estimate of the difference between social and private cost. In practice one cannot determine the speed independently; it emerges from the demand-supply interactions and so one must also postulate a demand function; but data problems are severe on the demand side. Lastly, some developments are considered — including network models and dynamic demand models. Lecture delivered in the Faculty of Economics of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, on 21st May 1968. The author is Professor of Econometrics and Social Statistics at the University of Birmingham, and Advisor on Research, Graduate Centre for Management Studies.     

Road pricing

Summary Among the main problems in the public sector of the economy are those of road congestion on the one hand and under-utilisation of roads on the other. Partly this is a consequence of inefficient price policies for the use of roads. But road pricing involves many technical and distributional problems. A preliminary survey of the effects suggests that quite simple road pricing systems, such as a differentiated urban rural license fee, may be a most efficient way of introducing road pricing. Tolls on critical access points may be another efficient way of introducing congestion charges. At the same time it is important to attempt to reduce charges on uncongested roads, and this is especially necessary for developing countries. A preliminary survey of the effects of such a rearrangement of road taxation suggest that there would be no marked redistributional effects. But much more work is required on this aspect of road pricing. Adviser on Research, Graduate Centre for Management Studies. This paper was written in 1967 during a period as Visiting Professor at M.I.T., with some special reference to conditions in the United States.     

Platform pricing redux

Platforms such as Airbnb, Amazon, Apple iOS, eBay, Microsoft Windows, and Uber are ubiquitous. The two-sided nature of platform markets, however, requires a reconsideration of the conditions for profit maximization and understanding of how platforms operate. Profit-maximization in two-sided markets is characterized as an intuitive extension of the inverse elasticity pricing rule (Lerner index). This is further expressed in terms of the participants' primitives: users' reservation values and the platform's marginal cost. Differences between one- and two-sided markets are demonstrated and discussed.     

Agricultural pricing policy in Kenya

This paper examines Kenya's agricultural pricing policy, its role in the development of key sectors of the agricultural economy during the 1970s and its impact on different classes of producers. Toward this end, the paper describes the process of agricultural price determination in Kenya, and examines trends in real producer price indices for selected crop groupings and by size of holding.The most important finding of the paper is that agricultural pricing policy has been used in Kenya to create incentives for the growth of marketed agricultural production. In addition, the paper shows that the Government of Kenya has also used pricing and marketing policy instruments to achieve its goal of promoting the agricultural development of smallholders, who constitute the dominant mode of agricultural production in Kenya. Significantly, these findings are contrary to the widely accepted notion that pricing policy in developing countries has uniformly been biased in favor of the urban sector and against agricultural producers.