世界番茄的贸易格局分析

本文以世界番茄贸易的格局为研究对象,通过对近年番茄贸易的情况进行分析后认为,欧洲和北中美洲是番茄贸易较多发生的地区,西班牙、墨西哥和荷兰是世界三大番茄出口国,美国、德国、法国等西欧和北美国家是主要进口国,不同国家番茄出口价格差异明显;发达国家在番茄出口中占据主导地位,同时欧美国家之间番茄产业内贸易活跃。我国是世界最大的番茄生产国,番茄出口位居世界前列,研究世界番茄进出口贸易格局,分析国际市场的需求和竞争特点,有利于保持和提高我国这一产业在国际市场上的竞争力。     

举足轻重的小麦进口——中国粮食国际贸易对国内粮价的影响

基本格局 中国是世界上人口最多的国家,也是粮食产量最大的国家,同时,中国还是世界粮食贸易中的重要一员。在多数年份,中国是粮食的净进口国,1977年到1996年中国进口粮食24453.5万吨,出口10194万吨,净进口量达到14258.5万吨。中国参与国际粮食贸易不仅是为了调整供需总量,而且通过国际市场进行粮食品种的调剂,主要出口大米、大豆和玉米,进口小麦。 中国粮食出口以大米、大豆和玉米为主,常年出口量占我国粮食出口总量的75％左右。多年来,我国一直是大米和大豆的重要出口国,但80年代以来,大米与大豆出口量逐渐降低,在国际市场上的地     

世界蘑菇的贸易动向分析

世界蘑菇的生产和贸易主要集中在亚洲、欧洲与北美洲,我国、荷兰、法国等主产国同时也是重要的蘑菇出口国。世界蘑菇贸易以蘑菇罐头为主,保鲜蘑菇和干制蘑菇的贸易量较少。世界蘑菇罐头出口贸易集中度较高,我国与荷兰在蘑菇罐头出口贸易中占据绝对主导地位,且两国在美国市场上存在激烈的竞争。研究世界蘑菇的进出口贸易动向,有利于了解我国蘑菇出口面临的国际市场环境。     

世界虾产品贸易格局分析

在所有的渔业产品中,虾是最重要的交易商品。研究世界虾产品进出口贸易格局,分析国际市场需求和竞争特点,有助于把握全球虾产品的市场变化和贸易动向。本文的研究结果表明:世界虾产品的生产和出口都比较集中,中国、泰国、越南、印尼和印度既是主要生产国也是重要的出口国,美国、日本、欧盟是虾产品主要进口国;虾产品贸易具有明显的地域性,由亚洲和中南美洲发展中国家流向经济发达国家;主要出口国虾产品出口价格差异显著,市场占有率渐趋接近;主要进口国市场对虾产品产地、产品质量、产品类别的不同要求,导致从各主要来源国进口量的显著差异。     

我国出口板栗的比较优势及其影响因素探讨

本文在分析我国板栗贸易格局的基础上,从价格、质量指数、国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数和显示性对称比较优势指数等五个指标对我国出口板栗的比较优势进行评价,并运用引力模型对影响我国板栗比较优势的主要因素进行了实证分析。结果表明,我国出口板栗具有较强的比较优势,但是在质量水平上不具备竞争力;出口对象国的GDP、我国人口数、汇率和出口价格是板栗出口的主要影响因素。最后,就提高板栗的质量水平提出了相应的建议。     

中国板栗出口国际竞争力比较分析

近年来,板栗产业在我国发展迅速,产量位居世界之首,并成为出口创汇的重要产品。本文对我国板栗出口国际竞争力进行比较分析,对进一步增强国际市场竞争力具有积极意义。本文首先评价我国板栗国际竞争力的现状,然后分析影响我国板栗国际竞争力的主要因素,最后提出对策建议。     

当前应对国际贸易摩擦的对策性思考

2009年,中国超过德国成为全球第一大出口国,占全球出口份额的比重超过9%,同时也使我国面临更多的贸易摩擦。2010年,世界经济复苏缓慢而曲折,各国保护国内市场和争夺国际市场的竞争仍将日趋激烈,我国仍将处于国际贸易摩擦的中心地带。如何应对有关国家针对中国的各类反倾销、反补贴、保障措施及特保措施等贸易救济案,维护企业利     

我国蜂蜜出口竞争力分析

我国虽是世界最大的蜂蜜生产国和出口国,但远不是蜂蜜生产和贸易的强国,世界蜂业生产和贸易市场的国际竞争对我国的影响越来越大。本文以我国和世界蜂蜜贸易统计为依据,定量分析了近10年来我国蜂蜜出口的国际竞争力,并提出提高我国蜂蜜出口竞争力的对策。     

中国机电产品出口竞争力分析

机电工业是中国制造业的核心部分,2010年我国成为世界第一大机电产品出口国。通过分析机电产品出口竞争力指标：国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数及显示性比较优势指数,可知我国机电产品出口仍以低附加值、低技术含量的能源密集型和劳动密集型产品为主,出口产品结构不尽合理,出口市场过于集中,技术研发能力不强。因此,要想在激烈的市场竞争中取得优势,必须转变出口产品结构和生产方式,推进出口市场多元化并规避技术贸易壁垒。     

探析中国林产品进出口贸易现状及核算方法

本文利用FAO数据库,分析了我国林产品贸易现状,描绘了2000—2013年林产品进出口贸易额度的变化,并测算出主要林产品出口市场比重,分析了四类林产品的主要出口国以及各国贸易金额所占比重,发现日、美、韩是我国林产品出口的主要市场。中国林产品出口集中带来贸易摩擦,建立以增加值核算的贸易统计制度,有利于缓解贸易纠纷,促进林产品贸易的健康发展。     

Early international entrepreneurship in China: Extent and determinants

We use data on 3,948 Chinese firms obtained from the World Bank’s Investment Climate Private Enterprise Survey to investigate early international entrepreneurship (international new ventures) in China. The extent of early international entrepreneurship in China is significant: 62% of the exporting firms start export operations within 3 years. Foreign shareholders within the firm and an entrepreneur with previous exporting experience are noted to significantly increase the probability that a firm internationalizes early. We find marked differences in the behaviour of indigenous and foreign-invested firms, and between direct and indirect exporters. For example, for an indigenous firm the more foreign experience its entrepreneur has, the less likely it is to start exporting early. As far as indirect exporting is concerned, business networks are significant determinants of the extent of such exporting, but delays the internationalization process of indigenous firms. The more firms in China export, the more time their managers need to spend on government regulations, although perhaps counter-intuitively, this was not found to discourage exporting. Overall, the findings suggest that exporting by indigenous Chinese firms is often due to challenging or adverse domestic conditions.     

我国农产品遭遇技术壁垒问题及对策

随着国际贸易中竞争的加剧,技术壁垒越来越多地成为了许多国家保护本国市场的手段,这种现象有愈演愈烈之势。我国的农产品在出口贸易中一直占据着优势,而且我国是农业大国,农产品出口关系着许多农业生产者的生存利益,但技术壁垒却对农产品出口造成严重阻碍,造成我国出口贸易受阻。如果要突破这种阻碍,必须深入了解技术壁垒影响农产品出口的主要形式和原因,以达到突破技术壁垒的目的。     

后配额时代我国纺织业的发展战略

我国纺织品出口在2005年取消配额以后,既有机遇更有挑战.顺利实现纺织品出口的转型和升级,既要进一步充分发挥我国对发达国家劳动力成本低、纺织品资源丰富的优势,以产品质量和品牌构建出口战略;又要注重与发达国家在高端纺织品领域的合作,逐步培育我国纺织品在此领域的竞争优势.     

Experience,age and exporting performance in UK SMEs

We consider the determinants of SME exporting performance using a survey of internationally engaged UK SMEs. We first develop a model incorporating organisational and prior managerial learning effects. Our empirical analysis then allows us to identify separately the positive effects on exporting from the international experience of the firm and the negative effects of firm age. Positive exporting effects also result from grafted knowledge – acquired by the recruitment of management with prior international experience. Innovation also has positive exporting effects with more radical new-to-the-industry innovation most strongly linked to inter-regional exports; new-to-the-firm innovation is more strongly linked to intra-regional trade. Early internationalisation is also linked positively to the number of countries to which firms export and the intensity of their export activity. We find no evidence, however, relating early internationalisation to extra-regional exporting, suggesting that early-exporting SMEs tend be ‘born regional’ rather than ‘born global’.     

Does external technology acquisition determine export performance? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

Although technology profile has been one of the key determinants of firms’ export performance in the international business literature, most research has focused on only the role of internal technology efforts rather than the role of external technology. This study thus aims to extend our understanding of the determinants of export performance by examining the impact of the inter-organizational dimension of innovation strategy to export performance, which has been ignored in the prevailing “strategy tripod” perspective of exporting research. This study is based on a sample of 141 Chinese indigenous manufacturing firms that engaged in inward technology licensing between 2000 and 2003. The empirical results indicate that external technology acquisitions positively influence Chinese firms’ export performance. Moreover the exporting performance of using external technology varies depending on the their sources (domestic and foreign). The exporting firms that acquired technology from foreign countries outperformed those relied on domestically developed technology.     

Effects of the preference for environmental quality on the export competition between China and OECD countries

This study examines how importers’ preferences for environmentally friendly products influence the effect of China’s export growth on the exports of OECD countries to third markets. The effect of China’s export growth is systematically investigated using the theoretical gravity model, which assumes that importers’ environmental preferences are heterogeneous among countries. A new measure is also proposed to represent importers’ revealed preferences for environmental quality across countries. Panel data consisting of observations for 30 OECD exporting countries and 60 importing countries over the 2000–10 period confirm that the crowding‐out effect of China’s export growth on the exports of OECD countries observed in markets for consumption goods and the dampening effect observed in markets for intermediate goods are becoming weaker as the importer preference for environmental quality becomes stronger.     

Ghanaian exporters’ international experience and performance: the mediating role of export commitment

The existing literature provides mixed findings regarding the impact of international experience on export performance. One of the reasons for these mixed findings could be the intervening mechanisms that influence international experience – export performance relationships. We examine one factor, namely export commitment. Drawing from the resource-based view, we examine how the interaction between international experience and export commitment enhances export performance. Based on a sample of 116 Ghanaian exporting firms, the findings suggest that export commitment significantly mediates the association between international experience and export performance. We make two key contributions: first, we provide understanding of how international experience contributes to export performance – through enhancing export commitment. Second, we provide evidence from an under researched geographical context, namely Ghana. Thus, we extend the existing literature to sub-Saharan African countries.     

初级产品出口关税的作用探析

长期以来,相对于其他商品而言,初级产品出口价格的不断下降给许多仍靠少数出口产品获取外贸收入的发展中国家带来了一系列的挑战,使其成为国际贸易中长期存在且备受关注的焦点之一。因此,许多发展中国家便采取课征初级产品出口税的政策以图解决其所面临的问题。本文在分析初级产品出口关税对出口国及其贸易伙伴的影响基础上,着重论述了采取出口税政策解决出口价格波动带来挑战的利弊,并在最后以一些实证研究的实例说明了这一政策实施效果的不确定性。     

局部地区冲突冲击了中国石油进口吗

文章利用1992~2018年中国从80个国家石油进口的非平衡面板数据,实证考察出口国发生局部地区冲突对中国石油进口的影响,并对其异质性特征和可能的影响机制予以识别。研究表明,出口国局部地区冲突会给中国石油进口带来显著的负向冲击,该影响主要是局部地区冲突引起出口国石油产量下降所致。局部地区冲突不会通过国际油价和中国石油对外直接投资影响中国石油进口。石油资源禀赋和"一带一路"倡议能够在一定程度上对冲局部冲突对中国石油进口的负向影响。局部地区冲突对中国石油进口的冲击具有明显的阶段性特征,并且随着中国石油进口依存度的攀升逐渐增强。在当前国际油市深度调整的现实背景下,该研究为深刻认识一系列国际重大突发事件对中国石油进口的影响、保障中国石油进口安全提供了科学借鉴。     

Innovation capacity,international experience and export performance of SMEs in Brazil

Innovation capacity and international experience are factors often related to the internationalisation process of firms, with export activities as the first stage of the process. However, firms from emerging countries seem to show advantages and follow patterns of international expansion that may differ from firms based in developed countries, where the internationalisation models were created. Specifically, exporting firms from emerging countries tend to have limited resources, especially small firms (e.g., for investing in R&D). Despite these facts, the literature on export performance seems biased towards recommending firms to enhance, above all, their innovation capacity in order to achieve better export performance, while little attention is paid to international experience as a factor that is as important as innovation. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation capacity and international experience on the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in an emerging country and to identify which factor is more significant. The Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities approach were used as theoretical frameworks. A research model was developed and tested on a significant sample of Brazilian industrial SMEs. The data were analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results indicate that international experience has a greater impact on export performance than innovation capacity, showing that there is possibility of overemphasising the role of innovation in the export performance of SMEs, at least, in the Brazilian context.