破解上市公司盈余管理治理新思路——基于资产减值的视角

上市公司过度的盈余管理行为已经导致会计信息失真,误导投资者,因此必须加以控制。本文以现行资产减值准则颁布前后资产减值准备计提情况为研究对象,对上市公司利用资产减值准备进行盈余管理的现状和现行资产减值准则关于长期资产的变化对盈余管理影响进行分析,以寻求进一步完善我国会计准则,治理过度的盈余管理的具体办法。     

新会计准则颁布对我国上市公司长期资产减值准备计提影响的实证研究

2006年国家财政部颁布了新的会计准则体系,新准则禁止计提的长期资产减值转回.在"盈余管理工具论"的观点下,人们普遍预期我国上市公司会在06年将原已计提的长期资产减值准备转回.本文对我国上市公司从01年到06所计提的长期资产减值准备进行了分析,并未找到支持这一现点的证据,"盈余管理工具论"在上市公司整体层面上还缺少有说服力的证据.     

资产减值:稳健性还是盈余管理

本文研究了我国上市公司资产减值的计提动机。很多研究已发现减值准备的两种计提动机:经济因素和盈余管理因素,但本文发现,稳健性因素也能影响资产减值准备的计提。在同样的毁损情况下,"坏消息"公司将比"好消息"公司计提更多的减值准备。此外,本文还发现,在利用减值准备进行利润操纵时,盈余管理动机的不同会影响减值类型的选择。扭亏和大清洗公司会采取各种类型减值准备进行盈余管理,而平滑和管理层变更公司只使用长期资产减值准备,而且是不影响营业利润的减值准备。     

新旧资产减值准则对盈余管理的影响分析

我国资产减值会计最近几年得到了快速的发展,2006年新颁布的《企业会计准则第8号—资产减值》中,对资产减值作出了全面系统的规范,使资产减值确认、计量、披露形成明确的基本共识。新准则基本实现了与国际会计准则的接轨,计提资产减值准备是我国企业会计与国际趋同的一项重要举措。本文在阐述资产减值的会计理论的基础上,对我国上市公司利用资产减值准备进行盈余管理的行为进行了分析,指出资产减值会计面临的问题并提出几点建议。     

新旧资产减值准则对盈余管理的影响分析

我国资产减值会计最近几年得到了快速的发展,2006年新颁布的《企业会计准则第8号—资产减值》中,对资产减值作出了全面系统的规范,使资产减值确认、计量、披露形成明确的基本共识。新准则基本实现了与国际会计准则的接轨,计提资产减值准备是我国企业会计与国际趋同的一项重要举措。本文在阐述资产减值的会计理论的基础上,对我国上市公司利用资产减值准备进行盈余管理的行为进行了分析,指出资产减值会计面临的问题并提出几点建议。     

新资产减值准备对ST上市公司盈余管理的影响

<正>引言随着经济环境的日益复杂和技术条件的不断变化,资产减值准备成为会计界关注的焦点之一。由于计提和转回资产减值准备存在模糊性和灵活性,能够满足不同类型公司的盈余管理动机,因此资产减值准备成为上市公司调节盈余的重要工具。     

管理防御视角下的CFO背景特征与会计政策选择——来自资产减值计提的经验证据

本文选取2008-2012年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本,以资产减值准备的计提为例,从管理防御视角探究CFO背景特征对公司会计政策选择的影响。研究发现,在控制经济因素和盈余管理因素后,CFO背景特征会显著影响公司资产减值准备的计提行为:与男性CFO和高学历CFO相比,女性CFO和低学历CFO的管理防御程度更高,计提资产减值准备的比例更低;CFO的年龄越大、任期越长,管理防御程度越高,计提资产减值准备的比例越低。进一步区分资产类型和产权性质后发现,CFO背景特征对流动资产减值计提和长期资产减值计提的影响存在一定差异,不同产权性质下CFO背景特征对资产减值计提的影响存在显著差异。     

试析资产减值准备的审计风险及其防范

财政部发布的《企业会计制度》和新制定、修改的几项《企业会计准则》，要求企业对可能发生损失的资产计提减值准备。这无疑对企业避免不良资产，提高资产质量，从而提高会计信息质量起到了巨大的推动作用。但同时也为企业在一定限度内操纵会计利润，进行盈余管理留下了空间。这必将增大注册会计师在资产减值准备审计中的责任和风险，本文试对资产减值准备审计风险产生的原因及其防范措施等相关问题进行探讨。     

我国新资产减值准则实施效果的实证分析

研究结果表明:2006年新资产减值准则颁布的当年,我国上市公司中确实存在着大量转回以前年度已计提的长期资产减值准备的现象;新资产减值准则的颁布和实施抑制了上市公司利用长期资产减值准备为工具而进行的盈余管理行为。     

盈余管理与短期资产减值准备关系的实证研究

本文选取2009年—2012年我国A股的工业上市公司的数据,对上市公司盈余管理的动机与短期资产减值准备的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现:微利公司、配股达线公司倾向于少计提短期资产减值准备以避免亏损,亏损公司倾向于多计提减值准备进行盈余大冲洗,高盈利公司则利用资产减值准备进行利润平滑,而对于当年扭亏的上市公司则不存在利用短期资产减值准备进行扭亏的动机。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.