知识——企业核心能力的唯一源泉——兼评《知识的吸收与创造》

核心能力在理论界和企业界倍受追捧，被很多人作为解释企业长期竞争优势源泉的工具。核心能力论的哲学内涵是内因决定论，即企业自身的内功修炼决定其在市场竞争中的成败，企业竞争优势来源于内部独特的核心能力。而对核心能力来源的分析，出现了诸如资源基础论、组织基础论、流程分析论、技能基础论等很多学派，从不同的视角进行了探索。     

论企业知识管理理论

企业的竞争优势从何而来？为什么说协调功能对企业越来越重要？处于相同行业结构和市场机会的企业为什么差别很大？只有能有效解释这些问题的企业理论才会有生命力。为此，本文论述了企业知识管理理论，基本上回答了这些问题。     

简析企业竞争优势与知识管理

企业竞争优势来自于企业的知识。企业知识的积累和创新是企业不断获得竞争优势的新来源。企业知识越多,其竞争优势越强。知识管理是企业获取、传递和运用知识的保证。知识共享是形成企业整体优势的必要途径。长期的人才开发战略是企业成功与发展的核心战略。     

企业竞争优势分析的理论新框架

企业竞争优势的来源有外生论与内生论两大流派。外生论认为企业竞争优势是由企业外部环境和市场结构所决定,内生论认为企业的竞争优势决定于企业的资源与能力。尽管两种理论在一定程度上解释了企业竞争优势的来源,但都无法成功地单独给出企业获取竞争优势的全部解释,为此,本文运用系统的、互动的思想将环境与定位、资源以及能力等要素整合在一起,给出了一个多角度的企业竞争优势分析的新框架。     

基于技术知识和市场知识视角的高科技企业知识管理模型构建

高科技企业竞争优势的实现,高度依赖于企业对其技术知识和市场知识的开发和管理管理,需要企业采取合适的知识管理战略和与之相匹配的战略人力资源管理战略。针对高科技企业的这种特殊要求,本文从战略人力资源管理的视角,构建了高科技企业如何有效管理这两种关键知识以保持企业竞争优势的模型框架。模型显示,技术知识与市场知识的不同存量和结构,对应于不同的最优知识管理战略,进而需要配合实施不同的战略人力资源管理策略,从而实现高科技企业的长期竞争优势。     

企业竞争战略的资源决定论与能力决定论及其融合

一、企业竞争战略的资源决定论与能力决定论及其融合 早期竞争战略理论可追溯至古典经济学中的贸易理论,其中比较优势(Comparative Advantage)理论为其思想渊源.比较优势的思想源于古典学派,以18世纪的亚当·斯密的社会分工理论、19世纪李嘉图的比较成本理论(The theory of comparative cost)以及俄林的资源禀赋差异论为代表.上述理论事实上是企业竞争战略的资源决定论的先导.     

知识管理的运作及其策略

知识管理是近年来产生的一种新思想，甚至还没有形成一个完整的理论框架，但却得到理论界和实业界的普遍认可。可以说，知识管理是时代的产物，具有历史必然性。知识管理是在知识经济日见端倪，信息化、网络化、数字化、全球化的背景下产生的，知识资源逐步取代传统的资源，成为企业竞争优势的核心资源。管理大师彼得·德鲁克曾说，知识生产力已成为竞争和经济发展的关键，这是不可逆转的发展趋势。可见，知识管理已成为管理理论发展的焦点。虽然到目前对知识管理还没有一个统一的定义，但企业都把集体共享知识，创造和运用知识视为赢得竞争…     

企业并购:通过知识互补创造价值

本文对已有的企业并购动因理论做了回顾,并探讨了持久竞争优势的来源,认为企业并购就是通过知识互补创造价值的过程。     

企业并购:通过知识互补创造价值

本文对已有的企业并购动因理论做了回顾,并探讨了持久竞争优势的来源,认为企业并购就是通过知识互补创造价值的过程.     

基于知识生成的企业竞争力提升

现代企业竞争的决定性因素是是否形成有效的竞争力,而竞争力的形成与发展源于企业知识生成能力的强弱。知识是企业发展之源,竞争力是企业致胜之本,企业的知识与竞争力的有机结合,从根本上决定了企业的长期竞争优势和持续发展。     

Research in the Strategic Theory of the Firm: 'Isolationism' and 'Integrationism'

It has been increasingly often argued that strategy research should aim for a 'strategic theory of the firm', that is, a theory explains the existence, boundaries, organization and competitive advantage of the firm within a unified theoretical framework. This paper discusses two archetypal strategies in research in the strategic theory of the firm, namely 'isolationism' and 'integrationism'. While the former is representative of the positions that either the knowledge-based view or the modern economics of organization can develop into full-blown strategic theories of the firm, the integrationist strategy stresses that progress is more likely to emerge from a combination of insights and research procedures from both the knowledge-based view and the modern economics of organization. The paper argues in favour of integrationism. In addition, the paper presents some novel criticisms of both the knowledge-based view and the modern economics of organization.     

Learning capabilities,human resource management innovation and competitive advantage

The growing literature on innovation pays limited attention to the role of human resource management (HRM) innovation in creating competitive advantage. This paper adopts a knowledge-based approach to examine how firms design and implement HRM innovations (HRMIs) and how such innovations support competitive advantage. Drawing from multiple streams of literature and qualitative evidence from Australian manufacturing and service firms, our findings reveal that human resource (HR) functional-level learning capabilities, through which HR professionals build and nurture new knowledge configurations, facilitate the design and implementation of HRMIs. The findings also reveal that HRMIs, when coupled with top management support, can play a vital role in firm competitive advantage. Addressing the limitations of the term radical innovations to fully capture HRMIs and based on our findings and extant literature we propose a new classification that will capture the unique nature of HRMIs. In addition to contributing to theory, our paper provides valuable insights to practitioners for building and nurturing learning capabilities for HRMI-related competitive advantage.     

The effects of innovation–cost strategy, knowledge, and action in the supply chain on firm performance

Despite the importance of supply chains within today's economy, we know little about how the knowledge of supply chains can contribute to superior performance at the firm level. Building on the resource-based view, knowledge-based view and strategic choice theory, we develop hypotheses linking two knowledge-driven supply chain phenomena (i.e., knowledge development capacity and intellectual capital), innovation–cost strategy, and action to firm-level performance. Using survey and archival data from 489 firms, we found that performance is influenced by how well knowledge development capacity and intellectual capital efforts complement alternative chain strategies. More specifically, each strategy type requires different constellations of knowledge development capacity and intellectual capital to enhance action and create superior firm performance. These results highlight the importance of supply chain phenomena for firm-level performance, and more broadly, the value of supply chains as a competitive weapon in contemporary firms.     

Firm governance and duopoly: in weakness may lie strength

The paper proposes a model of firm governance when two firms compete in a duopoly. The paper assumes that a motivational asymmetry exists between owners and managers: owners wish to obtain maximum profits, managers wish to maximize sales. Managers perceive that salary, social status or future job prospects are more closely associated with firm size (i.e. sales) than with firm profits. The paper takes an agency view of the firm where owners only indirectly influence the behaviour of firms through the level of control they exert over managers. The paper demonstrates that a weakly governed firm, acting as a sales maximizer, can gain a competitive advantage over a strongly governed firm, acting as a profit maximizer. The paper examines the extent of this advantage under cost leadership and differentiation strategies. The paper also demonstrates that the objectives of profit maximization and maximization of competitive advantage are not necessarily congruent. The paper graphically represents the profit functions of the two firms illustrating the Nash equilibrium under Cournot and Stackelberg conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Knowledge capital,CEO power,and firm value: Evidence from the IT industry

Disruptive innovation dramatically changes the demand of a product market in the information technology (IT) industry. In response to the impact of disruptive innovation, IT firms that may be eliminated from the competitive race actively develop innovative products and adjust their operating strategies to strengthen their survivability in the fiercely competitive market. Thus, this study explores the factors that affect firm value in the IT industry under the impact of disruptive innovation. The empirical results reveal that knowledge capital and CEO power play crucial roles in explaining firm value. IT firms with powerful CEOs and increased knowledge capital have high firm values. The effects of knowledge capital and CEO power on firm value are especially significant for founder and duality CEO firms. Furthermore, the influence of CEO power is more prominent in periods of financial crisis.     

The effect of environmental dynamism on returns to inventory leanness

This paper adds to the empirical inventory management literature by examining the moderating effects of environmental dynamism on the relationship between inventory leanness and financial performance. While the financial implications of inventory management practices have been extensively studied in the literature, it is clear that lean inventory strategies may not have the same payoff for all firms in all industries. Grounded in inventory theory, this study explores how firm characteristics and environmental dynamism—measured in terms of innovative intensity, demand uncertainty and competitive intensity—moderate the inventory leanness–performance link. We use hierarchical linear modeling to analyze a data set of 5749 firm-year observations from 123 U.S. manufacturing industries. In line with the hypotheses set forth, the results indicate that innovative intensity in an industry increases the effect of inventory leanness on firm performance while competitive intensity has the opposite effect. The hypothesis with respect to the moderating role of demand uncertainty is not supported. Another interesting and important finding is that inventory leanness accounts for nearly one third of the variation in firm performance after controlling for firm size and growth, thus underlining the importance of efficient and effective inventory management for overall firm success.     

Strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage of established firms: evidence from the digital TV industry

Although strategic entrepreneurship in established firms is recognized as a vital source of sustainable competitive advantage, this field has no clearly developed research paradigm. This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship and its function in sustainable competitive advantage of established firms in a modern volatile environment, through the lens of the dynamic capability view. By conducting a systematic literature review of previous research documents and considering conceptual interrelationships between strategic entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities, we propose categories that comprise dimensions of a firm’s strategic entrepreneurship: environmental sensing, opportunity seizing, strategic flexibility, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning. We establish a conceptual framework of strategic entrepreneurship in which entrepreneurs’ managerial capabilities of environmental sensing, opportunity seizing, strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial orientation closely interact with organizational learning, thereby facilitating sustainable performance of established firms. Following empirical studies of established firms in the digital TV manufacturing industry, the proposed conceptual framework suggests that each dimension of strategic entrepreneurship plays a critical role in competitive advantage of firms. In addition, case study results indicate that a firm’s position and evolutionary path form antecedent factors influencing entrepreneurs’ managerial capabilities and organizational learning of established firms.     

供应链核心企业优势生成的理论研究

企业间竞争逐步由个体企业的竞争转变为供应链的竞争,在供应链中培育企业优势和权威地位 成为核心企业整合供应链资源的基础,本文综述了企业的内外部优势源泉,供应链网络中企业的优势源变化 以及目前研究的不足。     

Value relevance on intellectual capital valuation methods: the role of corporate governance

Development of a knowledge economy has changed the main value of a firm from traditional physical assets to intellectual capital or intangible assets. Therefore, the accumulation and management of intellectual capital is the competitive advantage of knowledge-based industries. Intellectual capital valuation is the essential factor in firm valuation. Scholars have presented valuation methods of intellectual capital, such as Tobin’s Q, Knowledge Capital Earnings (KCE), and Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC). Management power of modern firms is separate from ownership, and easily occurs in the agency problem; therefore, firms must implement corporate governance to solve this problem. Researchers have presented that a complete appraisal of the firm value includes the effect of corporate governance. This study is the first to apply multi-regression models to examine value relevance on valuation methods of intellectual capital, and to further analyze the role of corporate governance for the information and electronic industry in Taiwan. The results show that Tobin’s Q, KCE, and VAIC have a positive relationship to firm value. The characteristic of director board, including board size, the ratio of outside directors, employed independent directors, and the manager concurrently the director, are correlated with the valuation of intellectual capital.     

Resource Configuration in Family Firms: Linking Resources, Strategic Planning and Technological Opportunities to Performance

abstract    We apply the resource-based view of the firm to the study of family firms by investigating how a family specific resource (reciprocal altruism) and a firm specific resource (innovative capacity) contribute to family firm performance. We then examine how the impact of these resources is moderated by strategic planning and technological opportunities. Our findings suggest that family firms can benefit from emphasizing the positive aspects of kinship and from developing innovative capacities. As such, we demonstrate that not only do firm specific resources contribute to family firm performance, but also that family relationships can be a source of competitive advantage for a family firm. In addition, we found a heightened importance of reciprocal altruism in environments rich in technological opportunities, and that strategic planning is more important for those family firms that lack innovative capacities.