基于ARMA-GJR模型的人民币汇率波动非对称性研究

本文主要研究人民币汇率波动的"非对称性"特征。通过构建ARMA-GJR模型实证检验了人民币兑美元汇率波动的特征,结果显示,人民币汇率波动具有正向"非对称性"特征,即市场对人民币升值和贬值存在不同程度的反应,人民币升值会给市场带来更大幅度的波动。最后针对汇率波动"非对称性"提出了相应的政策建议。     

基于V/S分析法的我国外汇市场长记忆性研究

2015年8月11日,人民币兑美元汇率报价6.2298元,较前一交易日贬值1.86%,创人民币兑美元汇率有数据以来单日最大跌幅。人民币汇率改革再次成为人们热议的焦点。本文以人民币兑美元汇率为例,运用分形市场理论,通过V/S分析法,分析我国外汇市场是否存在长记忆性,结果表明:我国外汇市场存在长记忆性特征。由此,我国在进行汇率改革时,应考虑到央行对汇率的短期波动及长期波动所带来的影响并制定合理的汇率浮动区间。     

基于GARCH模型族的人民币基准汇率波动率的实证分析

本文基于GARCH模型族,通过对2005年7月20日至2008年12月31目的人民币对美元的高频日汇率数据的实证研究,分析了我国汇率体制改革三年以来人民币对美元汇率的波动特征,并充分结合当前金融危机背景下对我国汇率市场的影响,以说明人民币对美元汇率的基本趋势变化,为制定人民币对美元汇率政策提供了参考。     

人民币汇率波动的股票价格效应研究

本文以人民币兑美元汇率RMB/USD及人民币兑澳元汇率RMB/AUD与上证综合指数、深圳成分指数及三支个股每日收盘价为样本,运用协整分析、Granger因果检验等方法,分析了2005年汇率改革后人民币汇率波动对股票价格走势的影响。研究发现,人民币兑美元汇率及人民币兑澳元汇率与股票价格之间均存在长期均衡的协整关系;股票价格与RMB/USD关系显著且存在双向因果关系,而对RMB/AUD反应显著但二者之间不存在双向因果关系;股票价格对人民币汇率波动的敏感度也因受不同行业因子的影响而变化。     

基于货币购买力的人民币均衡汇率理论模型与汇率失调测算

为了测算人民币均衡汇率,本文在购买力平价理论的基础上建立均衡汇率理论模型,该模型回归货币购买力的本质,克服了在经济发展水平不同国家之间选取可比较一篮子商品的困难。经对人民币均衡汇率及失调状况的实证检验发现:2005-2010年间人民币兑美元汇率,除2007年、2008年基本处于均衡状态外,其他年份均被高估;2012-2014年间,人民币兑美元汇率一直被低估,只是各年的低估幅度不同;2015年人民币兑美元汇率被高估。人民币兑美元名义汇率的均值相对于实际汇率的均值在总体上被高估28.03%,名义汇率在中长期存在贬值趋势。人民币兑美元实际汇率的各年度变化幅度在两国产出水平变动幅度小于ΔM2变动幅度时,主要受ΔM2的变动影响。以上结论对央行对外汇市场进行干预提供了一定的参考依据。     

人民币“破8”后外汇持有者何去何从

2006年5月15日, 人民币对美元汇率中间价突破8:1的心理关口,1美元兑人民币7.9982元,创下自2005年7月21日人民币汇率机制改革以来人民币兑美元汇率中间价的新高点.     

2010年汇率走势对造船业的影响

一、2009年汇率走向 1．人民币对美元采取紧盯战略 自2005年7月21日到现在．人民币兑美元的汇率已经从汇改前8．27的水平升值了21％。2005年7月至2008年7月间人民币兑美元汇率遵循的是典型的爬行盯住汇率制。2009年以后,人民币汇率步入一个稳定期,人民币对美元汇率走势称为对美元的“软盯住”,人民币兑美元的汇率基本稳定在6．82～6．83之间。     

经济新常态下我国人民币汇率影响因素实证分析

为了研究我国经济新常态下我国人民币汇率变化的影响因素,本文选取国内生产总值GDP增长率与广义货币M2增长率之差额、国家外汇准备额、中美利率差三个因素作为自变量,人民币兑美元汇率(间接标价法)作为因变量,以2014年1月至2016年9月的月度数据,建立多元线性回归模型进行实证分析,分析了我国汇率变动的影响因素,最后提出了应对未来人民币贬值的政策与建议.     

经济新常态背景下货币供应量变动对人民币汇率影响的实证分析

本文通过人民币兑换美元汇率与我国货币供给量的关系做出经济模型,从而在对我国货币供应量与人民币兑美元汇率的时间序列单整性判断的基础上进行协整检验以及格兰杰因果关系检验。根据本文的实证结果可以看到,我国货币供应量与人民币兑美元汇率之间具有一定长期稳定的协整关系,但是二者只是单向的因果关系即货币供给量是汇率的格兰杰原因,并在此基础上进一步通过误差修正回归分析提出相应可行性货币政策。     

基于BEER模型的人民币利率与汇率关系分析

在金融开放条件下,一国货币市场与国际货币市场将融为一体。研究利率与汇率之间的变动关系,对于合理引导宏观经济运行、有效实施货币政策等具有重要意义。基于我国市场化改革的现实,本文从长期均衡的角度分析我国利率与汇率的作用机制,通过建立BEER模型实证考察利率对人民币均衡汇率决定的影响作用,探讨利率与汇率机制有效性在我国的现实表现,进而寻求有效的措施以推动我国利率市场与汇率市场的良好互动发展。     

日德本币升值下的政策得失及对我国的启示

在本币升值背景下,日本与德国采取了不同的应对政策。德国首先着眼于国内宏观经济的稳定,放开汇率的波动,从而更好地保持了国民经济的稳定与增长;而日本试图阻止和缓解日元升值压力,其结果却是日元持续急剧升值,并造成了日本高通货膨胀和泡沫经济。综观日本、德国汇率波动的历史可以得到以下启示：人民币汇率升值是必然趋势;坚持货币政策的独立性十分重要;在坚持货币政策的独立性的同时,实现缓慢渐进式汇率改革;区域货币合作有利于区域内强国减少投机资本冲击,减少汇率升值对贸易品部门的负面影响;加快经济发展战略的转型,促使内外经济均衡发展。     

美联储量化宽松货币政策正常化与人民币汇率变动——基于时变参数向量自相关模型的研究

2015年后,随着量化宽松货币政策正常化和人民币汇率进入双向波动新常态,美国货币政策对人民币汇率的外溢效应日益显著。通过构建时变参数向量自相关模型对2008-2018年美联储量化宽松货币政策的实施和退出对人民币汇率的溢出效应进行研究,结果表明：美联储加息在滞后一季度作用人民币兑美元先升值后贬值,加息通过中美利差、产出差、货币供给之差分别作用于人民币兑美元贬值、升值和升值,利差渠道是主要作用渠道;美联储资产负债表扩张和缩减分别带来人民币汇率的升值和贬值,且扩张的升值影响大于缩减的贬值影响;美联储资产负债表和利率政策有一定替代性,替代关系存在明显的结构效应;美联储资产负债表的扩张和缩减分别带来中国银行间市场利率的下降和回升,两国利率表现出一定联动性。     

人民币汇率与中国的货币控制

本文以近期掀起的又一轮呼吁人民币升值的讨论为背景,再次对人民币汇率以及中国货币控制进行分析。通过分析因人民币升值而引起的中国所面临的货币困境,以及解决困境所采取的措施(即建立CIC和对流动性的对冲操作),评论了措施的局限性,并从汇率的利率平价理论入手分析人民币汇率与中国货币控制的互动关系;借鉴日本经验分析并佐证了关于汇率的几个错误概念,提出近期应去除人民币单向升值的预期,只有保持汇率相对稳定才有利于中国经济发展。     

Effects of monetary policy news on financial assets: Evidence from Brazil on a bivariate VAR-GARCH model (2006–17)

The impact of news releases related to the inflation targeting regime on the financial market is analyzed by estimating a bivariate VAR GARCH-BEKK-in-mean model. We use daily data, from January 2006 to May 2017, of stock prices index (IBOVESPA), exchange rate (BRL/USD) and interbank deposit rate (DI360). We developed a positive and negative news index to measure the impact of news releases based on Caporale et al. (2016) and Caporale et al. (2018). Although the literature on the subject is vast, this paper fills relevant gaps in three ways. First, we investigate the bidirectional relationship between monetary policy related news releases and the behavior of asset prices before and after the 2008 crisis in Brazil. Second, we consider the relationship between the second moments of the variables of interest, using the conditional volatility as a proxy for uncertainty. Third, we provide a time series approach to measure the effect of macroeconomic related news releases on financial asset returns. The results indicate there are mean spread effects from news for the exchange rate and the Brazilian stock index: (i) the GARCH-in-mean parameter is statistically significant for positive and the difference of news for the DI360; (ii) monetary policy and external shocks are statiscally significant as expected with exception of the external shocks for the Brazilian stock index; and (iii) there are volatility spillovers and changes of this volatility after the crisis for stock index and DI360.     

人民币汇率贬值的机制研究——基于2014年以后走势的理论和实证分析

2014年以来人民币一改以往总体升值的趋势性特征,出现了自2005年汇改后从未出现过的突变反转性持续贬值,这一罕见现象具有重要的典型性学术和现实研究价值,但已有文献对此所进行的分析较为零散初步.本文采用BVAR等方法对该问题进行深入系统的理论分析和实证检验,研究结论表明:2014年以来人民币汇率走势出现了贬值趋势性特征,而不是短暂回调.国际收支的变化和贬值预期的变化是人民币汇率贬值的直接原因,经济基本面因素对人民币汇率的影响经过国际收支和预期的传导来产生作用.人民币兑美元汇率与经济基本面、货币政策、市场预期以及国际收支因素之间存在长期均衡关系.上述结论对于进一步完善人民币汇率理论和丰富汇率管理经验等具有借鉴意义.     

美国货币政策调整对中国的溢出效应与传导机制研究

文章基于高频识别和反事实分析方法研究后发现,美国货币政策冲击对我国宏观经济的影响及其传导途径在2008年金融危机前后具有显著的不一致性。在金融危机前,美国的货币政策冲击主要通过汇率渠道对我国通货膨胀与产出产生显著的正向影响;在金融危机后,美国的货币政策冲击主要通过基础货币渠道对我国的宏观产出与物价产生显著的负向影响。这种不一致性是由央行逆周期调节在金融危机前后的差异所导致的:金融危机前,央行为抑制人民币汇率过快升值,被动实行扩张性货币政策,导致我国通货膨胀走高;而金融危机后,央行追随美国紧缩性货币政策,逆向调节美国货币政策冲击对人民币汇率的影响,加剧了我国宏观产出的负向波动。     

Liquidity and macroeconomic management in emerging markets

Emerging markets have received considerable attention for foreign investment and international diversification due to the possibility of higher earnings and a low level of integration with global equity markets. These high returns often need to be balanced by the high liquidity costs of trading in illiquid emerging markets. Several studies have shown that central bank and government policies are significant determinants of market liquidity. We investigate the influence of monetary and fiscal policy variables on the market and firm level liquidity of eight emerging stock markets of Asia. Using four different (il)liquidity measures and nine macroeconomic variables, we find that changes in the money supply, government expenditure and private borrowing significantly affect stock market liquidity. Illiquidity is also strongly affected by the bank rate, short-term interest rate and government borrowing. We demonstrate that ‘crowding out’ and ‘cost of funds’ effects exist in these markets. Other major findings are that some markets are more sensitive to local macroeconomic news than world factors, the impact on size based portfolios largely depends on the instruments used by the central banks and government, the liquidity of the manufacturing sector is affected by changes in any policy variables, financial institutions are only influenced by monetary policy variables, and the service sector is least affected.     

影响我国内外部均衡的政策实施环境

当前 ,我国在运用财政政策和货币政策实现内外部均衡过程中 ,要受到体制环境、社会环境等各种因素的制约。由于人民币利率和人民币汇率的市场化程度都比较低 ,决定了我国内外部均衡的实现要依靠政府强有力的宏观调控政策 ,但政府采取的货币政策的实施效果又被当今社会诚信缺失所破坏。我国目前对境内机构经常项目外汇收入所实行的强制结汇政策也导致了外部失衡对内部均衡的冲击。城乡居民边际消费倾向的降低使财政政策的效果大打折扣。不过 ,由于我国进出口商品结构的变化 ,进出口商品的需求弹性系数在逐步提高 ,运用人民币汇率政策调节国际收支实现外部均衡的条件也在改善     

Measuring the effect of the zero lower bound on yields and exchange rates in the U.K. and Germany

The zero lower bound on nominal interest rates began to constrain many central banks' setting of short-term interest rates in late 2008 or early 2009. According to standard macroeconomic models, this should have greatly reduced the effectiveness of monetary policy and increased the efficacy of fiscal policy. However, these models also imply that asset prices and private-sector decisions depend on the entire path of expected future short-term interest rates, not just the current level of the monetary policy rate. Thus, interest rates with a year or more to maturity are arguably more relevant for asset prices and the economy, and it is unclear to what extent those yields have been affected by the zero lower bound. In this paper, we apply the methods of Swanson and Williams (2013) to medium- and longer-term yields and exchange rates in the U.K. and Germany. In particular, we compare the sensitivity of these rates to macroeconomic news during periods when short-term interest rates were very low to that during normal times. We find that: 1) USD/GBP and USD/EUR exchange rates have been essentially unaffected by the zero lower bound, 2) yields on German bunds were essentially unconstrained by the zero bound until late 2012, and 3) yields on U.K. gilts were substantially constrained by the zero lower bound in 2009 and 2012, but were surprisingly responsive to news in 2010–11. We compare these findings to the U.S. and discuss their broader implications.     

The COVID-19 pandemic and financial markets in Central Europe: Macroeconomic measures and international policy spillovers

This paper investigates the effects of macroeconomic policy announcements on financial markets in three Central European economies: Czechia, Hungary, and Poland (CE–3). We focus on the unprecedented stabilisation policies implemented from March to December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, including unconventional monetary measures and large stimulus programs. Detailed categories of monetary and fiscal measures are introduced into vector autoregressions with exogenous regressors and dynamic conditional correlations, which we estimate using daily data. This allows us to control for policy spillovers from abroad, as well as global risk factors and pandemic-related variables. We find that, in general, macroeconomic policy measures implemented in the CE–3 countries played an important role in stabilising financial markets during the pandemic. We uncover several notable patterns in the reaction of markets to anti-crisis measures across the region. The impact of the monetary policy announcements on 10-year sovereign bond yields was more substantial than on stock market returns and exchange rate returns. The communication of the unconventional tools proved effective in lowering the bond yields. Interestingly, we document that the effects of non-standard measures for some variables, such as the exchange rate, can be qualitatively different from those resulting from a conventional monetary expansion. Even though the domestic monetary events became more important than the fiscal ones, the latter proved relevant for financial market returns, especially when large-scale immediate fiscal measures and tax deferrals were introduced. We also show that the CE–3 economies were subject to the cross-border transmission of policy announcement effects from the Euro Area and the US, although the magnitude of these effects was smaller than expected and varied across the CE–3 countries.