跨国公司在华子公司战略角色的演进与对策

全球化浪潮和网络组织推动了跨国公司的子公司从传统科层范式向网络范式的演化。该文基于网络的视角，在对跨国公司子公司战略角色演化进行理论分析的基础上，实证研究了当今生产网络中跨国公司在华子公司战略角色的变迁趋势，并就我国企业如何培育与跨国公司在华子公司价值链网络战略协同的国际竞争力提出对策建议。     

跨国公司在华子公司角色与人力资源战略的关系研究

对于跨国公司在华子公司而言,其所承担的角色与采取的人力资源战略之间具有十分紧密的关系。本文分析了跨国公司在华子公司所担任的角色,并从动机角色与战略角色两个层面具体分析了不同角色的跨国公司在华子公司所采取的差异化的人力资源战略。     

跨国公司管理移植的理论框架研究

跨国公司对其在中国境内企业的管理移植,是跨国公司在中国经营取得并保持持续竞争优势的关键环节。本文在相关理论研究的基础上,深入分析跨国公司对在华子公司的企业管理移植成效影响的主要因素,包括:母子公司关系、在华子公司的学习能力、管理知识的特性等方面;以此为基础提出跨国企业对其在华子公司管理移植影响因素的一个实证研究框架。     

跨国企业中国境内子公司的战略选择与绩效关系——基于在华韩资企业的实证分析

本文在跨国公司子公司理论基础下,分析韩资企业中国境内子公司的战略选择,核心内容是根据Prahalad和Doz所提出的一体化-本地化模式的战略性标准为基础,对子公司战略进行推论。根据在华韩资企业的问卷调查的数据分析,得出了4种子公司的战略类型,并研究了不同战略类型子公司之间的特征差异,及其对母子公司战略选择的影响。     

跨国公司海外子公司战略浅析

跨国公司在海外拥有数量众多的子公司,那么它建立海外子公司的战略动机是什么?子公司的战略角色的演变又是怎样?实践中,跨国公司在中国的情况如何?本文将就这3个问题做简单阐述。一、海外子公司建立的战略动机跨国公司出于持续成长的动机而在东道国设立海外子公司,但是由于东道国环境因素的差异,跨国公司母公司的具体动机又会有所差异。我们可以将其具体划分为:1.寻求资源要素的战略动机跨国公司以寻求资源作为战略动机,主要是为了寻求满足企业成长的新的要素来源、廉价的劳动力资源、或者是为了获得本国市场上无法获得的原材料、技术、管理…     

研发全球化与本土知识交流:对北京跨国公司研发机构的经验分析

本文基于对北京主要跨国公司研发机构的问卷调查数据,运用定量分析结合定性分析的方法,对跨国公司在华设立研发机构的动因进行鉴别,总结归纳了跨国公司在华研发机构的不同战略类型。同时,本文考察研发战略与跨国公司研发机构和中国高校/科研机构以及中国企业等知识主体的知识交流活动之间的关系,并探讨不同知识交流形式的影响因素。研究表明:跨国公司与中国知识主体的知识交流明显受制于其在华研发战略,并与其人员本地化程度、生产营销网络的本地嵌入性,以及在华知识交流渠道的多样性显著相关。     

跨国公司子公司角色演化机制理论模型——子公司网络资本的分析视角

跨国公司子公司发展学派解释了子公司角色为什么演化的问题,但对子公司角色如何演化缺乏系统的理论分析。本文运用网络理论,在网络组织演化模式分析的基础上,探讨跨国公司网络组织的节点—子公司角色演化的内在机制。通过引入“子公司网络资本”的概念,建立了基于网络资本的子公司角色演化机制的理论模型,分析了子公司角色如何演化,以及如何主导子公司角色演化的问题。     

跨国公司子公司网络嵌入模式探讨

本文首先介绍了相关概念:嵌入、社会网络、网络嵌入、嵌入方式和程度,接着提出了三个问题:子公司网络嵌入模式与其战略角色有何关系?子公司网络嵌入模式的一般演变过程是怎样的?子公司的网络嵌入模式对总部控制的影响如何?并在回答这些问题的过程中提出了十一个命题,通过对海     

跨国公司人力资源管理的特点及发展趋势探讨

人力资源是当今社会重要的资源,是现代经济增长的主要因素,正受到跨国公司的高度重视。跨国公司人力资源配置模式主要有母国化和本地化模式,本地化模式由于各种优势,正成为跨国公司人力资源配置的潮流和趋势。本文研究以上两种模式并探讨了我国企业如何在竞争环境下应对跨国公司人才本土化战略。     

跨国公司的海外子公司的治理机制

海外子公司的治理处于跨国公司双层治理结构的第2层次,是通过最小化海外子公司经营团队的代理成本,来实现作为委托人的母公司的整体战略.在母公司整体战略下的海外子公司的战略角色决定了其作为代理人的可能性机会,从而间接地影响了海外子公司治理机制的安排.     

The Effect of Changes in Income Shifting on Affiliate Managers' Internal Reporting Decisions*†

This study examines the interplay between tax and internal reporting incentives among affiliates of multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs face limited information flows that may prevent affiliates' performance metrics to be responsive immediately to changes in the firm's tax planning. Using granular data of affiliates belonging to MNCs from 21 European countries, our study provides new empirical evidence of affiliate internal reporting responses induced by changing tax plans. When high-tax-rate countries tighten income shifting rules, we first document that income shifting is reduced and low-tax-rate affiliates have less income. Second, we predict and document that managers of these low-tax-rate affiliates offset this decrease in profits by managing upwards a key performance metric: affiliate earnings. Our results are consistent with firms not quickly adjusting the affiliate managers' incentives in the face of changing tax planning strategies, and affiliates managing reported earnings to offset the effect of changes in the tax planning of the firm. Cross-sectional analyses provide further evidence consistent with the theory underlying the main tests. The results support the policy of tightening income shifting rules when the objective is to reduce income shifting, and firms' central management would benefit from considering the implications of changing tax plans on the assessment of local managers.     

US multinationals and Latin American manufacturing employment absorption

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of US affiliates of multinational corporations on the generation of employment in the Latin American manufacturing sector. The emphasis of the analysis is mainly empirical, and an important by-product is the collection and processing of information about the quantitative evidence on the role of US MNCs in the Latin American manufacturing sector. The study focuses on seven countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela) and attempts to answer the following types of questions. Do MNC affiliates constitute a quantitatively significant mechanism in the generation of employment? is the technology employed by MNC affiliates labour-saving? does the presence of the MNCs result in an expanded market with important increases in the sources of employment? The implicit alternative used in this study to examine such questions is the domestic enterprise of similar size to the existing US affiliate located in the corresponding manufacturing branch.     

Assessing foreign direct investment relationships between China,Japan, and the United States

China has received enormous inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent years, including significant flows from Japan and the US. We examine these investment flows in detail to gain perspectives on their relative importance for the three countries involved. We also analyze the industrial composition of FDI flows over time. American FDI flows to China have been less concentrated in manufacturing than average for investors in China while Japan's FDI flows have been much more concentrated in manufacturing, particularly in transport, electrical and machinery industries in recent years. Using survey data from American and Japanese affiliates, we compare the employment patterns and sales destinations of American and Japanese affiliates in China. We find a much higher degree of export-orientation for Japanese affiliates than American affiliates, with the latter tending to make the vast majority of their sales in the Chinese market. Over time, however, we find a tendency towards convergence in the sales destinations of Japanese and American affiliates.     

Trade regimes and spillover effects of FDI: Evidence from Uruguay

Trade Regimes and Spillover Effects of FDI: Evidence from Uruguay. — This paper examines differences in the character and impact of FDI entering Uruguay during import substitution, pursued until 1973, and the subsequent more outwardoriented trade regime. Regression analysis shows that the labor productivity of local firms is positively related to the presence of older import-substituting MNCs in their industry. The presence of foreign affiliates established after 1973 has no apparent impact on local productivity, but seems to raise the likelihood that local firms engage in exporting. This may be a sign of export spillovers, indicating that local firms may pick up some exportrelated skills from the operations of outward-oriented foreign MNCs.     

Financial and profit performance of MNCs in developing countries: Some evidence from an Indian and Columbian sample

This paper presents detailed information on the financing patterns and profit performance of a sample of multinational and other manufacturing firms in India and Columbia. It finds that local borrowing patterns of MNCs do not differ significantly from those of other firms, that MNC affiliates tend to pay lower interest rates abroad, that multinationality as such does not exercise a significant influence on profitability, and that local advertising and borrowing patterns have some effects on profitability.     

Outward investment, employment, and wages in Swedish multinationals

Examining detailed data for the home-country operations in Swedishmultinationals during the period 1986-94, this paper shows thatthere are signs of very notable structural changes in the home-countryoperations of these corporations. It also shows that the effectsvary according to economic conditions in the home country. Inthe 1980s, when the Swedish economy was characterized by hightaxes, high inflation rates, and a tight labour market, relativelyattractive jobs within the multinational corporations (MNCs)were relocated from Swedish plants to foreign affiliates. Inthe 1990s, by contrast, when the financial crisis had necessitateda host of micro- and macroeconomic reforms, the location decisionof the MNCs were more favourable for the Swedish economy. Newjobs created by the multinationals were found in activitieswith high productivity and wages. Thus, home-country effectsof foreign direct investment seem, to a large extent, to bedetermined by the home countries' economic environment.     

The determinants of location choice of South Korean FDI in China

By using extensive and unique firm-level data for South Korean foreign affiliates in China, we investigated the determinants of location choice for South Korean multinational companies. South Korean companies are unevenly distributed inside China with more than 60 percent of their affiliates being located in the three northeast regions. Using conditional logit estimation, we found that market size and government policies approximated by economic zones, quality of labor, and transport infrastructure play a positive role in deciding location. On the other hand, labor costs, inner waterways, and distance show negative and significant coefficients. Finally, the model specification is shown to be robust to possible violation of the assumption of identical independent error terms. Some of the estimation results stand in contrast to those of other studies on the determinants of FDI stock flows from the world or Japan.     

R&D and patenting activities of foreign firms in China: The case of Japan

This study investigates the research and development (R&D) and patenting activities of foreign firms in China. Utilizing a panel dataset of Japanese affiliates during the period 2001–2007, we first examine the determinants of R&D activity and find that local market-oriented firms place more emphasis on R&D, whereas process export-oriented firms are less likely to conduct R&D. Affiliates within a large business group that has more affiliates have a higher propensity to undertake R&D. Using only firms with positive R&D expenditures, we next estimate the patent production function. Results indicate that the patent elasticity of R&D for Japanese affiliates is high, suggesting that they are more productive on patent production than other firms. Moreover, local market-oriented firms do need more patents to protect their products, whereas scientific firms demonstrate a lower willingness to register patents in China.     

国际贸易与FDI的动态关系研究——基于跨国公司数据的VAR分析

文章首先探讨了"一体化"关系的内在机制,随后以中国数据为样本,从历年的国际贸易总额中分离出跨国公司的贸易额数据,建立有约束条件的变量自回归模型(VAR),证明了跨国公司主导下的国际贸易与FDI在中国具有长期的"一体化"关系,但两者在短期内的动态关系却具有明显的正反波动性,最后以此提出了相关的结论和启示.     

Debt financing and sharp currency depreciations: wholly versus partially-owned multinational affiliates

This paper provides empirical evidence on two potential costs of shared ownership of German affiliates abroad. First, in periods of currency crises, wholly-owned affiliates, in contrast to partially-owned affiliates, seem to circumvent financial constraints by accessing capital from their parent companies. In terms of differences in performance regarding sales of both types of firms, wholly-owned affiliates have a significantly better sales performance than partially-owned affiliates in periods of crises. This finding contributes to the evidence that FDI helps in mitigating the negative consequences of sharp currency depreciation, and stresses that this effect works especially through capital inflows to wholly-owned affiliates. Second, the debt financing of partially-owned affiliates is less sensitive to the tax rate suggesting that partially-owned affiliates rely less on international debt shifting than wholly-owned affiliates. This indicates that partially-owned affiliates are less flexible to exploit tax efficient strategies.