基于公共产品的基本医疗卫生制度多元供给机制研究

2009年以来,我国医疗体制改革取得重大创新,确定了基本医疗卫生制度作为公共产品这一命题。本文基于公共产品供给理论,分析基本医疗卫生制度公共产品的供给特性,并针对我国当前基本卫生制度供给方面的主要问题,提出建立复合的多元供给机制,充分发挥政府、市场和志愿组织等各供给方的积极性和提升基本医疗卫生制度有效供给的综合效率。     

基于城乡比较的农村公共产品政府供给优先序分析

为了促进城乡公共服务均等化,从公平角度,利用泰尔指数分析我国2003～2011年31个省(市、区)城乡公共产品在教育、医疗卫生和社会保障方面供给的不均等化程度,从而给出农村公共产品政府供给的优先序.实证研究表明:城乡之间公共服务不均等化程度最高的是医疗卫生,其次是社会保障,最后是基础教育,因此在优化农村公共产品的供给上需要优先发展农村医疗卫生事业,其次是社会保障事业,再次是农村基础教育.     

农村公共产品供给不足的个案调查研究——以农村医疗卫生产品供给为例

城乡公共品非均等化供给引起新一轮的城乡差距。医疗卫生产品是公共品的重要组成部分,其供给的城乡非均等化是城乡居民收入差距拉大的重要因素。本文以农村医疗卫生产品供给为例,通过几个典型的乡镇的个案调查,分析农村公共产品的供给不足问题。解决农村医疗卫生供给的不足问题:必须推进乡镇卫生院的体制建设和强化公共卫生服务功能,将商业化业务推向市场,实行医卫分开、医药分开;在新型农村合作医疗体制铺开的基础上,扩大社会保险范围,建立城乡衔接的社会保障体制;加大财政投资力度,强化乡镇医院的作用;加强医疗卫生队伍建设,提高乡镇卫生院的服务水平。     

公共产品视角下基本医疗卫生制度多元供给机制研究

2009年以来,我国医疗体制改革取得重大创新,确定了基本医疗卫生制度作为公共产品这一命题.本文在公共产品视角下,依据公共产品供给特性,并针对我国当前基本卫生制度供给方面的主要问题,提出建立复合的多元供给机制,充分发挥政府、市场和志愿组织等各供给方的积极性和提升基本医疗卫生制度有效供给的综合效率.     

实行农村公共产品多元化供给的对策建议

一、农村公共产品多元化供给的制度安排。根据农村公共产品的分类与公共产品供给主体身份的不同,我们对当前农村公共产品供给模式作以下制度安排。一是中央政府主要涉及两类公共产品的供给:第一类是与公民的基本人权相关的公共产品,如农村义务教育、基本医疗卫生、社会保障服务     

基于公平性的农村公共产品供给结构研究

公共产品具有非排他性和非竞争性,任何一个人都不能排除其他人享用公共产品,公平性是公共产品的根本特征之一.本文依据公平理论,运用比较分析的方法,从基础设施、基础教育和医疗卫生等三个方面,分析城乡之间公共产品供给公平问题,按照公平原则,确立农村公共产品供给优先顺序,优化农村公共产品供给结构,满足农村居民需求,提高农村公共产品供给效率.     

试析我国农村公共产品供给中的政府行为"失灵"

实际上由政府提供公共产品，并不意味着政府的经济行为本身是完美无缺的，也不意味着政府一旦实行干预，市场失灵就会马上得到修正和弥补。近年来，我国政府对农村的支持在不断加强，然而，我国政府对农村公共产品的供给，仍然存在政府总体供给不足、供给不均衡等困境。     

农民负担与农村公共产品供给

农村公共产品供给机制不合理所引起的农村公共产品供需矛盾突出是农民负担过重的主要原因，农民减负的关键在于农村公共产品供给机制创新，其基本思路是：建立城乡一体化的公共产品供给机制；建立自下而上的农村公共产品供给决策机制；合理划分中央政府和地方政府支出责任；实行农村公共产品投资主体多元化。     

农村公共产品供给机制创新研究——对江苏省农村低保、医疗卫生和教育情况的调研

为改善我国农村公共产品供给状况,在公共财政加大投入的同时,必须高度注重、特别强调促进农村公共产品供给机制的创新.在财力有限的情况下,公共产品供给机制创新是使公共财政阳光更多照耀农村必须把握的重要着眼点.本文结合理论、现状考察和对江苏省农村最低保障、医疗卫生和教育的实地调查研究,总结归纳了探索中一些有益的初步经验.     

多元线性回归的农业综合生产能力分析——从农村公共产品供给的角度

提高农业综合生产能力是我国农业发展的当务之急,有利于促进农业和农村的可持续发展。从农村公共产品供给的角度出发研究如何提升我国农业综合生产能力,以农业基础设施建设、农村基础教育投入、农村医疗卫生费用及农业科技三项费等因素建立多元回归分析模型,研究农村公共产品供给与农业综合生产能力之间的关系,并有针对性地提出通过改善农村公共产品供给,提高农业综合生产能力的政策和建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.