美国国家助学贷款担保机制的经验与启示

建立国家助学贷款担保机构和相应的担保机制,为国家助学贷款提供担保,可减少贷款的风险和促使银行、高校向贫困生发放贷款,实现国家助学贷款的可持续发展。在我国目前国家助学贷款法律制度缺失、个人信用体系不完善、政府主体角色缺位的背景下,国家助学贷款担保机制的建立具有重要意义。美国国家助学贷款项目的顺利实施有赖于其完善的国家助学贷款担保体系以及运行机制。这对于建立我国国家助学贷款顺利实施的长效机制有着重要的借鉴意义。     

国家助学贷款的博弈分析

国家助学贷款政策自出台至今出现了学生违约率高、银行追缴困难、高校声誉受损等一系列问题,本文试图通过对国家助学贷款在银行和学生间的博弈分析,提出应降低银行追缴成本,提高学生贷款违约代价,加大违约惩罚力度等办法,促使学生按期还款。     

助学贷款业务中存在问题及对策研究

国家助学贷款是由政府主导、财政贴息、财政和高校共同给予银行一定风险补偿金,银行、教育行政部门与高校共同操作的专门帮助高校贫困家庭学生的银行贷款。其根本宗旨是资助贫困大学生就学,但在实际运行中却出现了诸多问题,其中最主要的问题是大学生违背贷款承诺,出现诚信偏失问题。本文在分析大学生助学贷款业务中的诚信问题的基础上,提出相应的对策,旨在为国家构建科学的助学贷款体系提供有价值的参考。     

助学贷款证券化中参与者的角色研究

助学贷款是银行特殊的信贷资产,以往的证券化研究,主要集中在证券化的产品设计、信用增级、债券定价等技术层面,鲜有讨论助学贷款证券化过程中,政府、商业银行和高校的角色定位。文章首先对助学贷款及其他信贷产品证券化的理论及实践进行梳理,总结现行助学贷款制度的性质与特点、商业银行助学贷款资产的特殊性。其次基于助学贷款的特殊性质,阐述了助学贷款证券化中政府、商业银行及高校不同于其他证券化过程中的角色。最后提出了对未来重构中国助学贷款证券化中政府、商业银行、高校关系的措施进行了简要设想。     

国家助学贷款高违约率下高校的风险管理策略——基于江苏省11所高校的调查分析

在国家助学贷款政策中,高校充当了业务介绍人、见证人、后期协助催还者及风险共同承担者的角色。高违约率背景下,这些角色扮演的成本及风险与高校的收益是不匹配的。通过对江苏省11所高校工作人员进行的调查发现,国家助学贷款违约率越高,高校存在的教育资源被分化、财务损失、校友关系不良、学校声誉受损等担忧越强。根据博弈分析结果,高校应积极推动银行做好多期违约学生的贷后管理,给予承担贷款催还工作的辅导员相应的激励,开展智力投资算账教育活动,提升诚信教育的有效性,做好国家助学贷款的风险管理。     

基于道德风险理论的国家助学贷款风险发生机理分析

国家助学贷款作为一项银行的信贷业务,其信贷风险具体也包括操作风险、担保风险和道德风险。其中道德风险在国家助学贷款风险管理中占据了一定的比例,很多贷款毕业生违约原因与其思想层面的动因有很大联系。因此,为了阐明国家助学贷款存在信贷风险的深层原因,我们有必要运用道德风险理论进行分析。     

我国助学贷款中的违约风险和对策研究

目前我国高校中有大量贫困学生需要救助,国家助学贷款业已成为救助贫困生的主渠道之一,而且自从助学贷款政策实行以来已经有很多贫困学生得到帮助。但是助学贷款在偿还中的违约风险越来越大,这已经严重打击了商业银行的贷款积极性。本文在分析国家助学贷款偿还违约风险的原因的同时,提出了一些建议：一是健全助学贷款的法律和政策;二是银行应该加强放贷的审查力度;三是改进助学贷款的还贷方式,延长还贷期限;四是建立贷款风险补偿机制。通过这些建议的提出,以期降低助学贷款的还款违约率,让助学贷款良性发展,让更多的学生受益,为国家的教育做出贡献。     

国家助学贷款的现状分析与对策研究

1999年6月17日，国务院办公厅转发《中国人民银行等部门关于国家助学贷款管理规定(试行)的通知》。《通知》明确了国家助学贷款的适用范围、贷款目的、贷款经办银行、国家助学贷款的管理体制以及商业助学贷款的性质、担保要求，并对特困生另作了规定。《通     

教育部可否印发毕业证副本?

国家助学贷款无需办理担保和抵押，但在甘肃，这一帮助困难大学生完成学业的国家资助政策在执行中却变了味，许多2006届毕业生因为获得了这项贷款，毕业前尚末提前还清，于是学校配合银行将大学生的毕业证、学位证扣留，作为国家助学贷款的抵押。     

山东省省属高校国家助学贷款实施暂行办法

第一章 总则 第一条 为促进高等教育事业发展,帮助高等学校中经济困难的在校学生顺利完成学业,根据国家有关规定,结合我省实际,特制定本办法。 第二条 省属高校国家助学贷款是指由各商业银行开办、省财政贴息、适用于我省省属高等学校中经济确实困难的本、专科学生和研究生的助学贷款。其目的是帮助高校中经济确实困难的本、专科学生和研究生支付在校期间的学费、住宿费及基本生活费,顺利完成学业。 第三条 各商业银行均可办理国家助学贷款业务,负责国家助学贷款的审批、发放和回收等项工作。１所高校只能选择１家银行办理国家助学贷…     

Is Improving Access to University Enough? Socio‐Economic Gaps in the Earnings of English Graduates

Much research and policy attention has been on socio‐economic gaps in participation at university, but less attention has been paid to socio‐economic gaps in graduates’ earnings. This paper addresses this shortfall using tax and student loan administrative data to investigate the variation in earnings of English graduates by socio‐economic background. We find that graduates from higher income families (with median income of around 77,000) have average earnings which are 20% higher than those from lower income families (with median income of around £26,000). Once we condition on institution and subject choices, this premium roughly halves, to around 10%. The premium grows with age and is larger for men, in particular for men at the most selective universities. We estimate the extent to which different institutions and subjects appear to deliver good earnings for relatively less well off students, highlighting the strong performance of medicine, economics, law, business, engineering, technology and computer science, as well as the prominent London‐based universities.     

The role of income tax in student loan repayments

West keeps score of the continuing and growing inadequacies of the British student loan scheme to 1998 and shows how an income-contingent loan could better satisfy its aims. He explores a common objection to any form of student loan scheme, that students pay for their university education through progressive income taxes. West shows how this argument falls short, and hence that some form of income contingent loan is required if equity and efficiency are to be satisfied.     

国家助学贷款:高校风险解构及其后果阐释

国家助学贷款是一种与教育机会均等的思想和高等教育财政的改革相匹配的教育成本分担方式,属于政策性金融业务。我国助学贷款政策要求高校承担相当部分的风险补偿资金,这使得高校在多重任务代理下必然做出逆向选择。本文对我国现行的国家助学贷款风险分担机制设计上的缺陷给高校带来了政策、声誉、管理与关系上的四大风险进行了分析,并对这些风险可能导致国家助学贷款政策失灵以及高校发展机会丧失的严重后果进行了阐释,认为国家应承担主要的贷款风险,本质上作为金融产品的助学贷款存在创新的巨大空间。     

浅议自媒体视域下高校学生管理工作创新思考

近年来,随着网络技术的飞速发展和移动互联工具在大学生中的迅速普及,"无网不在"、"每日必网"迅速成为90后大学生基本的生活方式,学生管理工作受到更加严峻的挑战。本文通过对自媒体平台工具差异化比较研究,结合高校的具体情况,提出了运用自媒体工具推进学生管理工作创新的具体举措。     

May business mentors act as opportunity brokers and enablers among university students?

Networks are recognized as a central component of the entrepreneurial process, in particular with regard to opportunity identification and exploitation. In this study, we specifically analyze the role of mentors who are in business as opportunity brokers and enablers among university students with entrepreneurial intentions. Our investigation on 1022 students from 13 French-language universities based in Canada, France, Belgium and Algeria indicates that mentors in business, contrary to other mentors, support opportunity identification and exploitation among university students. Although student gender, entrepreneurial experience and education have a more pronounced effect, mentoring is the only element that can be controlled for through the creation of formal support programs. These results call on public authorities, and universities in particular, to implement formal mentoring programs to support students who are interested in starting their own business, and who would not otherwise have access to business mentors in their environment.     

商业银行国家助学贷款之风险分析

文章着重论述了国家助学贷款的信贷风险问题,指出国家助学贷款是一种财政贴息无担保的信用贷款,是一项公共政策;提出防范助学贷款的信贷风险,需要构建以国家征信体系为基础的社会诚信环境,完善全国性的个人征信信息系统,大力推广生源地贷款,创建助学贷款的风险管理系统。     

Local Labour Markets and the Interregional Mobility of Italian University Students

Abstract

This paper looks at a little-explored role that universities can play: that of representing a channel for brain gain, enabling regions to attract bright students who may decide to stay after they have graduated. In this way, universities can be a source of selective migration processes and possibly of diverging development paths, by augmenting the capability of economically dynamic regions to attract bright people from the lagging regions. In this paper, we argue that student mobility behaviour is a function not only of the quality of universities, but also of local labour market conditions in the destination locations. The paper relies on a gravity model, and shows that graduate migrations respond to several determinants, among which graduate job vacancies (that is, the dynamism of the local labour market) appear to be essential.     

高校院系层面“青马工程”大学生骨干培养的几点思考

2007年由团中央启动的"青年马克思主义者培养工程",简称"青马工程",是近年来高校进行优秀学生骨干培养的一项重要工程,是高校党团工作的一项重要内容。他们活跃于学校各级学生组织,起到十分重要的作用。他们更多时候都是基于学生所在院校基础上进行的。因此,有效利用大学生骨干所在院系这个有力平台,更好地推进"青马工程"将具有极其重要的意义。     

Default risk and private student loans: Implications for higher education policies

In recent years, the proportion of students facing a binding constraint on government student loans has grown. This has led to substantially increased use of private loans as a supplementary source of finance for households׳ higher education investment. A critical aspect of the private market for student loans is that loan terms must reflect students׳ risk of default. College investment will therefore differ from a world in which government student loans, whose terms are not sensitive to credit risk, are expanded to no longer bind. Moreover, beyond simply crowding out private lending, expansions of the government student loan program will feed back into default risk on private loans. The goal of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the likely effects of the private market for student loans on college enrollment. We build a model of college investment that reflects uninsured idiosyncratic risk and a well-defined life-cycle that is consistent with observed borrowing and default behavior across family income and college preparedness. We find that higher government borrowing limits increase college investment but lead to more default in the private market for student loans, while tuition subsides increase college investment and reduce default rates in the private market. Consequently, higher limits on government student loans have small negative welfare effects, while tuition subsidies increase aggregate welfare.     

教育公平理念下高校贫困生资助体系建设研究

高校贫困生的问题,不仅仅是学生个人的问题,更是一个事关教育公平的问题;高校学生资助体系作为一种补偿制度,在很大程度上实现了人们对教育公平的追求,但是由于现行的资助体系本身和运行过程中存在着诸多问题,引起了公平的失位。因此,基于教育公平理念下贫困生资助体系建设,需要完善和落实国家助学贷款制度;强化责任主体地位;建立新型的资助制度管理模式;构建资助政策体系的实施机制。