利用数据库技术实现铁路车流组织

论述车流组织计算机辅助设计系统(WFOCADS)的功能模块、工作流程,并阐述数据库表结构。实践证明WFOCADS可以很好地提高设计效率和质量,尤其有利于列流图绘制的标准化。     

节假日临时旅客列车开行方案相关问题研究

分析节假日临时旅客列车开行方案的影响因素,以及临时旅客列车运行方案图的编制方法。研究以插空法思想为依据,以总的旅行时间最短为目标,建立了临时旅客列车初始布点的数学优化模型。该模型为计算机编制临时旅客列车运行图提供了理论基础。     

双线自动闭塞区段最大量铺画货物列车运行线的研究

为了在客货共线运行图中有效利用旅客列车运行线两侧的空档,尽可能多地铺画货物列车运行线,以提高区段通过能力,在扣除系数表格计算法的基础上,按照附加扣除时间最少的原则,分析了在双线自动闭塞区段单列旅客列车和2列旅客列车两侧货物列车运行线的合理铺画方案。并通过应用实例给出了最大量铺画货物列车运行线的方法。     

计算机调整机车周转图的一种简便方法

针对机车周转图和列车运行图在编制过程中的反复调整问题,在分析铁路现场调整机车周转图方法的基础上,结合最小费用流模型,提出用计算机模拟人工“掰大交路”来解决机车周转图和列车运行图调整的简便方法。据此开发的计算机辅助编制机车周转图系统已在乌鲁木齐铁路局进行了初步测试,基本实现了计算机自动完成调整的目标。     

铁路检修工厂总平面布置图CAD方法解析

铁路检修工厂总平面布置图目前采用计算机辅助设计(CAD).结合铁路检修工厂总图内容,解析总图CAD设计方法,并对使用总图CAD软件画图与传统方法画图进行比较,指出有必要开发并推广使用适合总图设计的CAD软件,以提高设计效率.     

计算机编制客运站日班作业计划图的研究

阐述了用计算机编制客运站日班作业计划图的必要性。根据旅客列车和客车车底整备的技术作业过程,得出了模拟系统的功能框架结构。分别论述每个模块的功能,并给出模拟结果。     

京津冀区域加开旅客列车237列

<正>2019年五一小长假期间,为最大限度满足旅客出行需求,中国铁路北京局集团有限公司共加开旅客列车299列,分别为跨区域长途旅客列车62列、京津冀区域中短途旅客列车237列。五一小长假期间,北京局集团公司预计发送旅客642万人次,同比增长3.9%,其中5月1日为出行高峰日。客流以探亲旅游中短途客流为     

呼和浩特铁路枢纽客运站分工研究

在概述呼和浩特铁路枢纽总图规划及客流特点的基础上,提出呼和浩特铁路枢纽旅客列车开行方案,根据研究年度(近期2020年、远期2030年)枢纽客运站作业量预测,针对枢纽内顺列布置2个大型客运站的车站分工设计,对枢纽旅客列车开行方案与车站规模进行适应性分析。通过细化枢纽内各站分工,完善枢纽旅客列车开行方案,验证了枢纽内各客运站、各车场的设计规模,得出呼和浩特铁路枢纽各站分工合理,旅客列车开行方案与车站设计规模匹配的结论。     

配属高寒动车组全部“上岗”

正2019年2月10日,中国铁路沈阳局集团有限公司管内迎来今年春运以来客流最高峰,出行旅客达91.7万人次。自2月9日起,沈阳局集团公司管内客流开始大幅上升。为满足旅客出行需求,该局集团公司加大运力投入,在开行347对图定列车基础上,还在长春、北京、天津、通辽等返程集中方向加开临时旅客列车98列,其中动车组54列,同时对35对动车实施重联,     

铁路暑期运输2010年7月1日全面启动

<正>2010年7月1日铁路暑运全面启动,全国铁路实行暑期列车运行图。此次暑运调图主要有7个变化:一是适应暑运客流增长需求,加开旅客列车,全路在开行14对世博会加开旅客列车的基础上又加开了30对直通旅客列车,延长了4对图定列车运     

Profiling road transport activity: Emissions from 2000 to 2005 in Ireland using national car test data

This work describes a methodology for determining the average vehicle kilometres travelled by the private national car fleet in Ireland and estimating the disaggregated CO₂ and NO_x emissions from private vehicles in the Irish road transport sector for the period 2000–2005 using national car test records. The developed methodology facilitates the calculation of greatly improved estimates for vehicle kilometres under a range of constraint variables and thereby enables the disaggregated analysis of specific vehicle fleet groups and their associated activity patterns to support evidence-based policy development. The results indicate that while older vehicles are contributing significantly to car NO_x emissions; newer cars produce a higher share of CO₂ emissions than older cars in the vehicle fleet.     

Temporal variance of revealed preference on-street parking price elasticity

This paper utilises revealed-preference parking trend data from parking meters ex ante and ex post of a general 50% price increase in the hourly cost of on-street parking to estimate the on-street parking price elasticity of demand in an area of Dublin, Ireland. Estimates are presented for the aggregate price elasticity of demand level and individual estimates for specific time periods and days of the week. In terms of reduced parking frequency, the average price elasticity of demand reported is −0.29. Daily average estimates are consistent, with one notable exception being Thursday, a ‘late night shopping’ day for which a lower price sensitivity is reported. Morning periods are also shown to be more responsive than other time periods in the test area, indicating some potential for influencing morning inbound peak traffic levels.     

Strategic travel planning toward future emission targets—A comparative analysis of 20 Swedish municipalities applying the CERO model

Organizations displaying best practices for attaining proactive sustainability targets at local level are of major importance as role models in the transition toward a sustainable transport system. This study summarizes results and conclusions from 20 municipalities in Sweden that have implemented the so called CERO analysis in order to adapt to future emission targets for travel. The overall aim of the study is to identify factors explaining why some municipalities are more successful than others in a benchmarking comparison.

The results indicate that commuting by car is by far the most dominant source of emissions, constituting on average 76% of total annual travel emissions (including both commuting and business travel). In order to reduce these emissions, travel planning programs within organizations must address both commuting conditions and business travel conditions to reduce car dependence for work travel, e.g., employees using private cars for business trips most likely also use their own cars for commuting. To identify potential success factors as regards emissions-efficient travel, three comparative statistical analyses were conducted: grouping municipalities with low emissions in relation to the total average; analysis of car commuters' willingness to change travel mode; and before-and-after analyses of municipalities implementing specific action plans. The results revealed that municipalities conducting follow-up studies 2 years after implementing travel planning programs all lowered their total CO₂ emissions, by on average 10% during a 2-year period. Overall, these municipalities achieved redistribution to alternative travel modes but also reduced total travel mileage.     

When the Past Poses Beside the Present: Aestheticising Politics and Nationalising Modernity in a Postcolonial Time

This article focuses on the Tunisian government's tourist promotion policies during the 1990s. It takes a Deleuzian perspective, using the notion of crystalline narration developed by the author of The Time-Image. I will emphasise the idea of coalescence between past and present as revealed in the advertising images of the period where heritage objects appear among other contemporary objects.

In fact, I will draw on a corpus of short films and commercials produced by the Tunisian tourism bureau to be broadcast both inside and outside the country. My analysis will focus on the ways in which actors in the fields of politics and tourism use these objects for media purposes, targeting both Tunisians and foreign tourists to whom they strive to hold up a crystal-image of Tunisia. This image is shored up by a political discourse put forward by a state that wishes to appear both to its citizens and to others as reconciling past and present. The crystal metaphor evokes a narrative mode in which heritage is likened to the glittering of scattered crystals and Tunisian identity seems to emerge from the ‘mists of time’ with sparkling refractions on ‘tips of the present’.     

Intermodal routing of Canada–Mexico shipments under NAFTA

This paper obtains the optimal routings for intermodal containerized transport from Canada to Mexico. Such traffic is being stimulated by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but the cost and lead times of feasible routes are not well known. We summarize the links and routes to Mexico on which one or more carriers now operate, and then determine non-dominated tradeoffs between cost and service. Every southbound route from Canada requires a transshipment point in the southern or southwestern U. S. Feasible transshipment points are also candidate locations for a manufacturing ‘twin plant’, a distribution centre, or a transportation hub. Here, as a first step in this bigger problem, a network is constructed between five Canadian origins and three important Mexican destinations. Each link employs available intermodal services whose transit time and transportation cost are obtained through industry sources. A shortest-path algorithm enables calculation of the route requiring least time and the route of minimum cost. Non-dominated time/cost tradeoffs are identified for each origin–destination pair. After including inventory expenses (by parametrizing the unit value of lead time), total-cost curves then eliminate some routing alternatives. Guidelines are provided on the effects of mode, carrier, and O–D locations on selection of intermodal routes to Mexico. Finally, two new intermodal services are proposed and their benefits discussed.     

Differential tourism zones on the western Canada–US border

This paper examines how a single international border can exact different policies, practices, spatial variations, and tourism spaces at various points along its length. Based on an examination of the westernmost portion of the Canada–US frontier, this constructivist study investigates how the juxtaposition of barriers, attractions, transit spaces, and tourism landscapes is created concurrently on a single stretch of an international boundary. Four coterminous ‘zones’ of tourism were identified, including an area of illegal activity, ports of entry or crossing points, the peace park, and the exclave zone. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn from this study for border managers, tourism planners, and border agencies.     

企业筹资中亟待重视非显性成本的管理

在企业筹资过程中,必然会导致非显性成本的产生。非显性成本具有不可控、误导等特性,往往掩盖企业总成本的真实性,影响决策的预期效应,影响经济决策的科学判断和正确选择。因此,不能把非显性成本排除在经济形势观察的视野之外,为此对铁路企业筹资中降低非显性成本提出有关建议。     

我国西部交通发展战略与措施探讨

地区间发展不平衡、东西部差距加大,已成为我国国民经济和社会全面持续发展的羁绊,而交通是其中的一个主要影响因素。针对目前我国西部交通发展建设中存在的问题,对西部交通的发展战略目标和设想进行了探讨,提出了建立西部综合运输体系新格局,以及加快西部交通发展的建议。     

Advancing consumer behaviour theory in tourism via visual narrative art

This paper advances (i) propositions of consumer behaviour theory in tourism via storytelling theory and (ii) skills in decoding elements and subtle details that appear in ‘good stories’ versus not‐so‐good stories within travel contexts. The present paper presents a set of iconic story symbols for use in decoding stories and shows how to use these tools for decoding tourism‐related narratives. Practice using these visual iconic symbols in decoding stories achieves effective storytelling learning via cognitive sculpting; that is, learning improves from moving and arranging (sculpting) potentially three‐dimensional story or electronically movable icons while talking or writing narratives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Business travellers' perception of service quality: a prefatory study of two European city centre hotels

The business traveller contributes significantly to the turnover of the hotel industry and, with the globalisation of business, this sector shows signs of increasing growth. Service quality has now become one of the main factors used to gain competitive advantage, thus the industry must focus more specifically on the needs and expectations of its business customers. The aim of this paper is to focus on the business travel market and more specifically on the comparison of two hotels in two European cities, Brussels and Manchester. This area of research has not been attempted before and will provide an interesting comparison with findings in USA. A literature review identified the relevant attributes used to measure service quality, which were utilised to design a questionnaire, distributed to customers in a five star hotel in Manchester and in Brussels. The primary data obtained were then compared with the findings of other researchers. The analysis indicated that Brussels scored the majority of the attributes more highly (many significantly) than did Manchester. This may be influenced by the international profile of the Brussels respondents who tended to travel on business more frequently than the Manchester sample. The comparisons with the USA surveys found some inconsistencies that might be attributed to societal differences.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.