网络口碑研究述评

消费者之间的口碑传播对消费行为具有强大的影响力,随着互联网的发展,传统口碑出现了网络化趋势,网络口碑成为近年来的研究热点之一。目前的网络口碑研究主要按网络口碑传播的构成要素从口碑传播者、接收者和传播信息3个方面展开。本文针对这3方面主要对网络口碑传播的特征、网络口碑传播者的发送动机、传播意愿,接收者的搜寻动机、网络口碑的说服效果等进行文献梳理,概述了网络口碑的研究现状,同时还分析了未来的研究趋势。     

口碑营销概念辨析

在日常生活中,人们倾向于将口碑、口碑传播和口碑营销等同使用。本文对这三个概念的含义进行了详细的辨析,认为口碑指的是顾客对企业的看法,口碑传播指的是将这种看法传递给其他顾客的过程,口碑营销指的是以口碑传播为途径的营销方式。并提出了一种对口碑营销中的顾客进行有效识别和管理的框架。     

让员工成为免费口碑传播者

随着口碑营销学研究的深入,越来越多的企业开始关注口碑传播的效力和可操作性。口碑传播又因传播者和被传播者的变化而有所不同,如何才能让跟企业有着最密切关系的群体——员工传播口碑呢?本文认为企业员工进行口碑传播具有更好的营销效果,作为口碑传播者,员工具有很多顾客所不具有的优势。基于这一认识,本文提出了促使企业员工进行口碑传播的具体策略。     

口碑推荐的效力影响因素实证研究——基于人际关系口碑推荐视角

企业产品或服务产生良好的口碑信息,根源于产品或服务本身内在品质和与其相应的辅助支持,并通过口碑推荐者的传播蔓延于复杂的社会人际网络中。实证结果表明,由于口碑信息受到传播主体不同状态的影响和关系渠道的约束,对口碑传播过程中的口碑信任度、感染度、忠实度等产生显著性影响,从而对口碑传播效力产生影响。     

互联网时代的口碑营销及应用策略

口碑营销是近年来企业进行营销传播的常用营销策略之一.互联网的出现使得消费者的口碑传播行为呈现出新的特点,同时为企业进行口碑营销活动提供了新的机会,因此,研究互联网时代的口碑营销具有一定的理论与实践意义.本文首先阐述了网上口碑传播的内涵,指出了网上口碑传播的途径,然后论证了网上口碑传播的特点.以此为基础,探讨了企业开展网络口碑营销的应用策略.     

虚拟社区中的口碑传播管理

本文以虚拟社区为基础,对口碑传播理论进行了梳理,结合口碑传播理论,对虚拟社区中存在的口碑传播现象、特征进行了分析,认为虚拟社区传播具有匿名性特点,对社区关系进行了重构,互动性增强,个性化突出,并就此分正面口碑传播管理和负面口碑传播管理二方面,提出了虚拟社区中的口碑传播管理建议。     

消除负面口碑的营销对策

在信息时代,消费者面临更多的信息选择,企业有必要采用更可信的、通过人际关系进行的口碑传播来开展营销。开展口碑营销活动时,企业在注重正面口碑塑造的同时不要忽略负面口碑带来的危害。企业可以通过注重顾客满意度的培养,消除负面口碑传播者传播的基础;通过注重重点客户的关系培养,提高顾客忠诚度,将负面口碑转化为正面口碑;通过注重品牌形象的培养和品牌熟悉度的提高,提高免疫能力。     

消除负面口碑的营销对策

在信息时代,消费者面临更多的信息选择,企业有必要采用更可信的、通过人际关系进行的口碑传播来开展营销。开展口碑营销活动时,企业在注重正面口碑塑造的同时不要忽略负面口碑带来的危害。企业可以通过注重顾客满意度的培养,消除负面口碑传播者传播的基础;通过注重重点客户的关系培养,提高顾客忠诚度,将负面口碑转化为正面口碑;通过注重品牌形象的培养和品牌熟悉度的提高,提高免疫能力。     

浅议口碑营销

口碑营销,因其具有成本低、可信度高、传播范围广、营销效果好等其他传统营销手段无法比拟的特点和优势,被现代企业作为一把竞争利器而广泛运用。本文在理解口碑营销相关定义的基础上,分析了口碑营销的特点及优势,并深入揭示了口碑营销的作用机制及影响因素,最后提出成功实施口碑营销的关键要领。     

口碑信息结构对网络口碑传播信任度影响研究

本文首先对网络口碑传播及信任度进行了综述并给出了定义。在参考国外电子商务环境下消费者信任的前因模型的基础上,提出了中国电子商务环境下网络口碑传播信任度的重要影响因素——口碑信息结构。并且建立假设:口碑信息结构对网络口碑传播信任度有显著影响。经过仔细的问卷设计和预调研后,运用SPSS软件进行了数据描述性统计、信度和效度分析和相关分析,最终发现口碑信息结构对网络口碑传播信任度有显著影响。     

网络口碑传播与数码产品销售研究

网络口碑传播对数码产品的销售工作有着显著的影响,通过不同传播形态流转的网络口碑对消费者的影响也各不相同。基于已有的研究成果,按照传播形态的不同对现有网络媒介进行划分,探讨不同传播形态之间发挥作用的差异。研究发现相比训话形态与注册形态,对话形态与协商形态的网络媒介对网络口碑受众的影响更深。     

The Role of Retailer Trust and Word of Mouth in Buying Organic Foods in an Emerging Market

ABSTRACT

This study has twin objectives. Firstly, it explores the antecedents of retailer’s trust and its effect on organic food purchase intention. Secondly, it explores the relationship between word of mouth and retailers trust and the effect of word of mouth (WOM) in organic food purchase intention in the context of a developing economy. Cluster sampling method combined with judgement was used for survey in India. 541 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Findings indicated that Trust in retailer develops on the basis of perceived food quality, perceived service quality and perceived fairness in price. Perceived fairness in price is more important for building trust followed by perceived service quality. Both trust and WOM lead to purchase intention of organic foods. Among the two predictors of purchase intention, trust in retailer emerged as a bigger explanatory variable as compared to WOM. The current study adds word of mouth as a significant antecedent in developing purchase intention for organic foods along with the role of retailer trust. Implications for managers and researchers are emphasised.     

The Effect of Word of Mouth on Consumers’ Attitudes Toward Products and Their Purchase Probability

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of word of mouth on consumers’ attitudes toward the product and its purchase probability. Furthermore, we examine the moderating influence of susceptibility to interpersonal influence, which is a personal characteristic of the receiver of word of mouth information. A quasi experiment was conducted, in which subjects were asked to evaluate a product, while being subjected to positive or negative word of mouth. Our results indicate that negative word of mouth has an impact on consumers’ attitudes and purchase probability, while the influence of positive word of mouth was not significant. Interestingly, susceptibility to interpersonal influence does not play a moderating role. While the experimental design with an unknown word of mouth source and fictitious brand allowed the comparison of results for the positive, negative, and control group, such conditions do not correspond to an actual market setting.     

The Moderating Role of Country of Origin on Brand Equity,Repeat Purchase Intentions,and Word of Mouth in Trinidad and Tobago

Brand equity has emerged as a critical aspect of marketing, but its effect on consumer behavioral intentions from a developing country perspective has not been sufficiently examined. This study proposes that country of origin and product type will moderate the relationships between brand equity, consumer repeat purchase intentions, and word of mouth. Data were collected from 157 customers and analyzed with regression analysis. Our results confirm the moderating role of COO such that favorable COO weakens the impact of brand equity on consumers' behavioral intentions. Product type was not significant. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are presented as well as the limitations, and future research opportunities are discussed.     

Word of mouth as a promotional tool for turbulent markets

Word‐of‐mouth advertising involves activities to encourage consumers to talk about a product or company to friends and neighbours, setting in motion a chain of communication that could spread through a whole market. Each activity, itself small and relatively unimportant, could escalate through word of mouth to create strong, positive brand images and beliefs. A major characteristic of chaos theory, sensitive dependence on initial conditions (the butterfly effect) is at work in word of mouth. This paper reviews word of mouth literature from a chaos/complexity theory perspective. Using a multiple case study approach, the significance of word of mouth in turbulent markets is assessed. It was found that more successful companies tended to use word of mouth proactively, and that it is an effective marketing tool for turbulent environments. Furthermore, chaos theory is shown as a good lens through which to view word of mouth. This paper is important because word of mouth has had little attention from the academic community, with the exception of electronic or Internet based word of mouth. Furthermore, it suggests an academic theory to underpin word of mouth that has not been considered before. In addition, it is important because, in South Africa and possibly in other under‐developed and developing countries, word of mouth is critical to marketing to less sophisticated or literate markets.     

Brand Actions on Social Media: Direct Effects on Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) and Moderating Effects of Brand Loyalty and Social Media Usage Intensity

Most existing social media research has been user focused. This study looks at social media from the brand's perspective by testing (1) theoretical links between brand-action antecedents and positive electronic word of mouth (eWOM); and (2) how brand loyalty and social media usage intensity moderate the relationships between the antecedents and eWOM. Using structural equational modelling from 290 Facebook users, we find empirical support for three brand action constructs (personalization, responsiveness, and transparency) to eWOM. We also find the moderating effects of social media usage intensity and brand loyalty on the relationship between responsiveness and eWOM. Theoretical and managerial implications for these findings are discussed.     

Word of mouth: products,conversations and consumption

While there is a rich collection of studies of consumption and identity, the role of buying practices in ordinary conversations has been largely neglected. Minor items and major purchases regularly play a key role in furnishing our talk with topics, news, jokes and formulations of what kind of people we are. This paper unpacks the idea of post-purchase conversations contained within the common phrase “word of mouth.” What happens when products are examined in ordinary talk is pursued through the close analysis of a series of conversations around a significant purchase (a mountain bike). Drawing on the work of Harvey Sacks, and conversation analysis more broadly, this paper documents how products as a topic provide not only resources for small talk, but also an opportunity to consider our identity and its transformation. In conclusion, this paper argues that the knowledge and experience that circulate outside of the actual marketplace or point of purchase are part of a domain of economics as ordinary practice.     

eWOM credibility on social networking sites: A framework

Social networking sites (SNS) offer brands the ability to spread positive electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) for the purposes of building awareness and acquiring new customers. However, the credibility of eWOM is threatened of late as marketers increasingly try to manipulate eWOM practices on SNS. A greater understanding of eWOM credibility is necessary to better enable marketers to leverage true consumer engagement by generating credible peer-to-peer communications. Yet, to date, there is no one framework synthesising which factors constitute eWOM credibility in the online environment. This paper revisits the word of mouth credibility literature and proposes a new credibility framework – the 4Cs of eWOM Credibility: Community, Competence, Content, and Consensus.     

口碑

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