寒地垂直绿化的资源植物--地锦

地锦作为适应性很强的攀援植物,在北方寒地的垂直绿化中有着广泛用前的应景。     

哈尔滨市垂直绿化植物降温增湿效应研究

根据现代城市环境的特点,针对近年来生态园林城市建设的需要,分析了垂直绿化的优点;通过对观测点内垂直绿化植物对其附近小环境内空气温湿度及所附着建筑物表面温度影响的具体观测,说明了垂直绿化在城市环境中的降温增湿效应.     

北方地区城市垂直绿化的理想树种——南蛇藤

南蛇藤为卫矛科(Celastraceae)多年生木质藤本植物。根据多年的野外引种观察分析发现:其生长迅速,观赏价值高;适应性广,抗逆性强;为北方地区的乡土树种;野生资源丰富,繁殖技术成熟,非常适合用于北方地区城市的垂直绿化。     

黑龙江省垂直绿化攀缘树种的筛选

在分析垂直绿化植物生长主要限制因子--土壤干旱与贫瘠的基础上,从黑龙江省山地植被中引种栽培19种攀援树种,对其生物学特性、生活习性、抗旱性等关键因素进行了试验研究。根据试验及露地栽培观察结果,采用百分法综合评价出17种适宜立体绿化的攀援树种,为立体绿化与植被恢复提供了更多可供参考的植物种类,以满足绿化中对景观多样性、植物多样性的要求。     

中科院地理资源所植物修复技术获重要成果

据中国科学院网2005年11月9日报道：11月4日，由中国科学院地理资源所主持的国家高技术研究发展计划“863”课题“重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术与示范”课题，在京通过了由科技部组织的“863”资源环境领域专家、环境主题专家和特聘专家等组成的验收组的验收。     

植物造景在园林景观规划设计中的重要作用

近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高以及经济社会的进步,人们对于自己所居住的环境提出了更高的要求(尤其是在植物造景方面)。园林景观中植物作为其重要设计的要素,在现实生活中起到了改善环境以及平衡生态等巨大作用。随着环境的破坏以及空气的污染等情况严重出现,人们在园林设计中有着更高的要求和期待,广泛追求城市公共景观以及居住小区植物造景的生态性、人文性以及艺术性。园林艺术是将空间与时间结合起来的造型艺术,尤其是园林中的植物组成部分,根据植物配置要求的不同以及绿地功能的不同,既是是同种功能的绿地由于所处的环境不同也会有不同的配置要求。笔者将根据相关工作经验,深入研究植物造景在园林景观设计中的重要作用,分析设计所需要遵循的相关原则。     

东北产某些新植物资源——东北植物拾遗之一

东北地区位于我国的寒温带,由于自然历史条件及现代自然条件的综合影响,植物种类成分变化较大,在植物医系土可分成四个植物区系。即:长白植物区系、华北植物区系、蒙古植物区系及大兴安岭植物区系。各区系在植物种类成分上各有特点。其中长白植物区系中,以红松为代表的针阔混交林内的红松、黄波罗、水曲柳、胡桃揪等树种,以及木通、五味子、山葡萄和三种猕猴桃等藤本植物的存在,表现出它起源于第三纪的特点。而某些古老的种属,又表现了它和四     

技术标准和规程在土地资源调查中的重要作用

新一轮国土资源大调查开展以来,有关土地资源调查的工作已陆续制定了十多个技术标准或技术规程、技术规定。本文重点介绍了这些有关的技术标准、技术规程和技术规定。     

黄山风景区的珍稀植物资源

黄山风景区珍稀植物资源丰富,有国家级保护植物30种,隶属于21科,26属。这些珍稀植物有着药用、观赏、工业、学术等价值,应采取多种措施进行保护。     

农业劳动力智力资源在现代农业发展中的重要意义

农业劳动力资源可以从外延和内涵两个方面来考察,从外延方面看,主要考察劳动力的数量,我们把受劳动力数量制约的劳动力资源称作劳动力普通资源;从内涵方面看,主要考察劳动力的质量,这里把劳动力的质量主要归结为劳动者所具有的知识水平。我们把受劳动力质量制约的劳动力资源称作劳动力智力资源。     

哈尔滨市道路绿化结构与健康状况分析

应用实地调查的方法,对哈尔滨市区内的保健路、新阳路、中山路、学府路与和平路特色街道绿化带进行实地调查,分别从林分结构、树种组成、数量比例以及健康程度等方面进行综合分析。结果表明,哈尔滨的道路绿化使用的树种较多,丰富了生物多样性和观赏性,但是常绿树种比例严重偏低;乔木灌木树种比例分配不合理,但总体趋势是朝着均衡的乔灌比例方向发展,单一树种的绿化路段已不常见;绝大部分绿化树种个体的健康状态良好,少量个体的健康程度较差,建议在有条件的情况下进行替换。     

浙江省河道“岸绿”工程综合效益评价

以可持续发展理论为指导,以经济学、生态学等理论为基础,遵循整体性、代表性、简明性和可操作性等原则,结合浙江省实际,构建了浙江省河道"岸绿"工程综合效益评价指标体系,研究效益评价方法,进行典型河道"岸绿"工程综合效益评价。评价结果表明,河道"岸绿"工程的实施既获得了显著的生态效益,也获得了巨大的社会效益和一定程度的经济效益。     

Empowering residents and improving governance in low income communities through urban greening

This paper describes the objectives, process and outcomes of three urban greening projects and how they contributed to sustainable development. The first two were conducted in low-income communities in Bangkok, Thailand, and in Badulla, Matale and Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. The lessons from these two projects were then incorporated in a post-tsunami project in Moratuwa and Matara, Sri Lanka. In addition to achieving urban greening objectives, the projects developed and validated a conceptual framework of sustainable community development (the Four-Directional Framework) using participatory action research. This framework facilitated rapid community learning and development objectives such as urban greening and consequential poverty reduction, empowerment of women, and improvements to the environment. Urban greening, incorporating urban agriculture, was an effective tool to improve the relationship between local authorities and the residents of marginalized and low-income communities and build a foundation for continuing sustainable development initiatives and city-to-city learning.     

Incidence of Russian log export tax: A vertical log-lumber model

In 2007, Russia imposed an ad valorem tax on its log exports that lasted until 2012. In this paper, we use a Muth-type equilibrium displacement model to investigate the market and welfare impacts of this tax, utilizing a vertical linkage between log and lumber markets and considering factor substitution. Our theoretical analysis indicates that, without considering the vertical linkage, the negative effects of log export tax on equilibrium price for log producers is underestimated when logs and processing services are gross substitutes, and the direction of bias is uncertain when they are gross complements. Empirical simulations show that the burden of Russian log export tax is shared almost equally between foreign log buyers and domestic log producers and that the tax increases domestic lumber production. Further, the marginal effect of the log export tax on domestic lumber production decreases as Russian domestic demand share of logs increases. Overall, the welfare gains for Russian lumber consumers, lumber producers in the form of quasi-rents to processing services, and tax revenue exceed the loss in its logging sector.     

An analysis of bundle pricing in horizontal and vertical markets: The case of the U.S. cottonseed market

The U.S. cottonseed market has seen the rapid development and adoption of seeds with differing bundles of genetically modified (GM) traits. It has also seen an increase in vertical integration by biotechnology firms. In this article, we investigate the price impacts associated with structural changes in the U.S. cottonseed market from 2002 to 2007. We develop a structural model to examine the substitution/complementarity relationships among cottonseeds sold with different genetic trait bundles and under different vertical arrangements. We examine the price impacts emanating from product differentiation, market concentration, and market size. The econometric investigation finds evidence of subadditive bundle pricing in patented biotech traits. While higher own‐market concentrations are found to be associated with higher prices, we also uncover evidence of cross‐product complementarity effects that lead to lower prices. Simulations are used to evaluate net price effects, illustrating the usefulness of the approach in the analysis of changing market structures.     

试论自然资源系统的基本特征

本文在归纳和总结资源科学和系统科学的基础上,重点分析和探讨了自然资源系统的8大基本特征:整体性、开放性、稳定性、变动性、非线性、远离平衡态,能观测性和能控制性。提出自然资源系统是一个远离平衡态的非线性开放系统,这为合理开发、综合利用自然资源奠定了一定理论基础。     

Agency costs of vertical integration—the case of family firms,investor‐owned firms and cooperatives in the French wine industry

Vertical integration theory has long suggested internal costs related to changes in incentives due to vertical integration, which means that vertical integration may lead to agency costs. In this work, we specify the notion of agency costs of vertical integration and extend Ang et al. (2000)'s measurement of agency costs to provide an empirical assessment of these costs in the French wine industry. Our econometric analysis finds that the agency costs of vertical integration may reach 2–3% of sales. It also showed that operating expenses of vertical integration are lower for cooperatives than for other firms, while vertical integration is less rewarding for them. This raises questions on the relation between agency costs in cooperatives and their performance.